Amatiyang'anira "Nkhanu" mu Hermitage: Photos, nkhani nthawi. Mu holo ya Hermitage ndi "Nkhanu" wotchi ndipo pamene adzabala?

zozizwitsa ochepa a sayansi adza kwa nthawi yathu mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Nthawi zambiri timaona zidutswa aliyense wa chilengedwe chachikulu, kamodzi analenga kapena kubwezeretsedwa, ndi buku Kamangidwe ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, pali zinthu kwapadera kuti anatha kusunga pristine ake masiku ano ndipo pafupifupi palibe kusintha. Zachilendo yakale yoyendera "Nkhanu" mawotchi akhoza zimachitika chinthu chodabwitsa. The Hermitage iwo zasungidwa kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri, ndi kupitiriza amasangalala alendo m'nyumbayi ndi maonekedwe awo, ndipo ambiri chochititsa chidwi, limagwirira ntchito. Izi mwaluso zosaneneka ndi Tikambirana.

Kodi "Nkhanu" wotchi?

Chotero zachilendo ulonda layman zinalengedwa pafupi XVIII atumwi ku England. Malinga ndi mfundo kuyambirira, iwo mwambo chopangidwa kudziwika nthawi Mater Dzheyms Koks, wotchuka chifukwa zodzikongoletsera zake zabwino pogwiritsa ntchito makina. Pankhaniyi, cholinga chenicheni cha mwaluso izi zikutipatsa mafunso angapo. Choncho, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, makasitomala mbuye chinsinsi anali Prince Potemkin. Kamodzi-amakonda wa Mfumukazi Catherine II, pa nthawi ina anaganiza kusangalatsa dona zapadera mphatso za mtima. Mwa njira, Mfumukazi ankadziwika chifukwa cha chikondi chake onse a asilikali ndi zinthu zabodza zopezeka m'nyumba.

Pa nthawi imeneyo zinthu ndi mawotchi sizinali zabwino kwambiri. Choncho, dongosolo la Russian otchuka njonda, mbafuna posachedwapa. Malinga ndi buku lina, wotchi "Nkhanu" (mu mbiri Hermitage za chiyambi cha curiosities anaperekanso alendo a m'nyumbayi ndi michira ochepa) analamula olemera fuko lomveka-wokhometsa.

Izi chowonjezera kulenga ayenera kukhala mphatso yamtengo wapatali ya mkazi wa makasitomala. Komabe, pazifukwa zina zachilendo, mayina a anthu awa sichinaululidwe kapena anaiwala.

Hermitage (St. Petersburg), "Nkhanu" Penyani momwe iwo analengedwa (buku loyamba)

Sam wotchi kupanga ndondomeko kumachititsanso nkhani zosiyanasiyana wolongolola. Makamaka, pali Mabaibulo angapo magwero a "Nkhanu". Mwachitsanzo, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, iwo anakhazikitsa maziko a panopa makina Dublin lotale, amene kale munali yomalizidwa chithunzi cha pikoko pa.

The zikuchokera chifukwa adaonjezeredwa ndi zilembo latsopano: ndi kadzidzi ndi tambala. Komanso, chowonjezera lachirendo izo anakhazikitsidwa clockwork. Pa nthawi yomweyo nkhope yake anasamukira Mochititsa chidwi mu chipewa bowa yokumba. Pamene ntchito "Nkhanu" wotchi mu Hermitage, ndi cogs onse ndi magiya kuyamba kupota, manambalawo kuyamba kuvina, ndi oyimba zikusonyeza pompopompo.

Baibulo lachiwiri la maso kupanga

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, pamene munakonza mbuye wotchi anadalira zinachitikira ndi chidziwitso cha wina wotchuka German katswiri - Frederick Urey, amene ankakhala pa nthawi imeneyo ku London. Mwa njira, pali maganizo oti Frederick anatchula basi. Mwachindunji maola pambuyo msonkhano pa chimodzi cha zinthu zinali zodzaza ndi kalata J. amakhulupirira kuti kuyambira kusainira ntchito Jyri või (loweruza).

Baibulo wachitatu wa chilengedwe cha chionetsero cha

A buku lachitatu, poyamba mbalame zonse zitatu zambiri anali nyimbo yosiyana. Kuti ndi mwina kanjedza onse akuluakulu pano maola, anali mbali zosiyana kwambiri Chalk. Ndipo kokha anapempha makasitomala adasokhana pamodzi. Ndipo analandira ake pano "Nkhanu" wotchi. Hermitage (chithunzi owonetsera zakale holo, kumene kufotokoza, inu mukhoza kuwona m'munsimu), ndipo analandira mwamantha chionetsero lodabwitsa.

Pothandizira Baibulo ili la akatswiri amanenanso za ntchito njira zosiyana mitundu, wokhala mosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, aliyense wa kanjedza ali ndi limagwirira munthu amene zimadalira anthu ena. Komanso kulabadira tambala, amene si anaphimba yoteroyo thunthu, ndipo monga amaima pamenepo. Mwina, chithunzi ichi kale ndege athyathyathya ndipo ananamizira payokha.

Zimene zikuchokera m'mbiri?

Amatiyang'anira "Nkhanu" mu Hermitage ali kuyambira 1797. Iwo anagunda maluso awo, kapangidwe ndi miyeso. chaluso yapaderayi za mkuwa gilded. Pakatikati pa chionetsero aikidwa ndi pedestal wapadera, zomwe amachita ngati chitsa ndi nthambi kunja ndi masamba. Pa ilo, monga pa mpando, pikoko AKUKHALA anapereka chachikulu.

Akuti pamaso pa nthenga za mbalame zinali zokongola, koma iwo anapanga golide ndi nthawi. Thupi lake yokutidwa ndi varnish wapadera anawonjezera kudzawala, ndi mchira mogwira mtima utoto mithunzi golide wa emarodi. Pa zina dzanja chitsa lili asanaganize kadzidzi khola.

Zikhale za siliva woyenga bwino. Mbali ina ya mtengo zinawonongeka ndi nthambi zazikulu, kumene kuli wakwera zofunika tambala. Malo chitsa mwamphamvu molimba, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a m'munda zabodza zopezeka kumene bowa kukula, ndipo masamba ndi mongotsatira malamulo ake kukhala tizilombo.

Komanso, kuzungulira chitsa, mukhoza kuona munda, pamene anabisa nyama zing'onozing'ono, monga agologolo. Apo inu mukhoza kuwona achotse achule, abuluzi, njoka ndi nkhono. Kuphunzira mmene ntchito "Nkhanu" wotchi mu Hermitage, pamene chomera iwo ndi kangati, nkhani zotsatirazi.

Mfundo ntchito makinawa

Ngati ife kulankhula za mbali luso la kuwongola yaikulu, ndi kutchula pamaso pa asilikali ake anayi palokha ofunika. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi pafupi ndi kulira mabelu. Ndiyenso amabweretsa akumenyana kuchokera maola zogona. The ena atatu zakonzedwa mu zikomo zoyenda kuti akalumikidzidwa kusunthira wa mbalame, ataima mkati zikuchokera. Komanso, ena mwa zimagwirira zobisika pansi iwo, ndi zina - ili mwachindunji mu miyendo ndipo m'mimba mwa mbalame.

Clockwork, monga tanena kale, kuti ili pansi pa bonnet ya m'modzi wa bowa waukulu. Iwo ali awiri basi onsewo dials; mmodzi wa iwo lili mawerengero Arabic ndi "chinkhoswe" mwa kuwerengera Mphindi, ndipo chachiwiri - Aroma ndipo ikusonyeza maola.

Pa gulu la Cholozera dials yaing'ono atathana amachita chiongoko ntchito kuti asamavute kupeza. Pa bowa kapu akhoza kuwona atombolombo. Izi ndi dzanja chachiwiri. Awa ndi chodabwitsa "Nkhanu" wotchi mu Hermitage. ntchito nthawi yawo ndiyo mawotchi nthumwi za nyumbayi. Koma izi adzatiuza ina.

zimagwirira onse cholukanalukana levers wapadera dongosolo kuti amalola zimakwana kuthamanga mu ndondomeko inayake.

maola Collection cogs ndi Shpuntik

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti phindu la akungoyang'ana Russian disassembled. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, anawabweretsa madengu asanu kapena asanu, ndipo ali tsatanetsatane. Ndinadzipereka kusonkhana lodabwitsa "mlengi" mmodzi wa Russian zatsopano Ivan Petrovich Kulibin.

Pa msonkhano, mbuyeyo anapeza kuti zinthu zambiri zikusowa. Ambiri a iwo anataya, wosweka, kapena anasowa pa zoyendera. Komabe, mavuto amenewa sanathe kuletsa Russian zatsopano. Iye osati sanadzisiyira zoyesayesa zawo kusonkhanitsa kukongola kodabwitsa kwa zikuchokera, komanso kulengedwanso mawonekedwe ake pafupifupi pachiyambi. Izi wotchuka wotchi "Nkhanu". The Hermitage pamene iwo kubereka, pali bwanji kwenikweni. Mazana a anthu asonkhana muno pokonzekera ndi kukongola wosaiwalika wa kanthu.

Ndi ntchito kokha zovuta chifukwa chakuti mbuye anali atasiya kutsegula nkhani ya pikoko pa. Kenako pa mtembo wa nthenga mbalame osiyana ndi ena losangalatsa. Pamene inu alemba pa izo kuwonongeka wapadera chinsinsi limagwirira ndi maonekedwe anatsegula.

Pambuyo "kutsegula" Nkhanu mbuye anaona dangling ndi clinking njira wosweka kuti kuteteza ukugwiradi ntchito makina lonse. Patapita kanthawi, zonse abwezeretsedwa ndi kunapezeka "Nkhanu" wotchi mu Hermitage.

mavuto amene alipowa ndi chipangizo ayambe

Kuchira - ndi yolemetsa kwambiri ndi nthawi yambiri ntchito. Kubwereranso kwa "Nkhanu" ambuye Russian anatenga zaka zingapo. Ndipo ngakhale ntchito chidachitika ndi lalikulu, kwathunthu recreate mfundo za zida mu wojambula Folk analephera. Makamaka, analephera kubwezeretsa kadzidzi.

Poyamba, pamene ulonda fakitale akadzidzi mutu udasokonezeka, ndipo mabwenzi ndinamva nyimbo wokongola kwambiri. Tsopano kayendedwe ka manambalawo chikuchitika, koma m'malo nyimbo mungathe kumva kulira kwa mabelu kusuntha chaotically. Komanso Kulibina, anayesa kuti abwererane kadzidzi nyimbo ndi akatswiri ena, kuphatikizapo a chiyambi yachilendo. Kuno zotsatira za anayesa kuwononga sizinachitike anabweretsa. Amene anapereka izi wapadera "Nkhanu" wotchi mu Hermitage.

maola kufotokoza mu Hermitage

Lachitatu lililonse pa 13 koloko mu Pavilion Hall Hermitage akuyamba amasonyeza zosaneneka, yomwe ibwela zambiri za anthu. Mawotchi akutsegula chachikulu mandala khola itabwera mwa iyo. Kenako akuyamba ndi wotchi yokha, ngati kutsitsimuka golide ndi siliva m'mbiri pa Intaneti.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zimene chipinda cha Hermitage ndi "Nkhanu" wotchi ndipo iwo akhoza kuwona ndi kumva mwa munthu.

kuchita otchulidwa akanasankhidwa maola?

Akuti onse a zilembo ndi zithunzi alipo "Nkhanu", wosankhidwa mwangozi. Mwamwayi, aliyense wa zilembo ali ndi tanthauzo ena. Choncho, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, makina ndi mtundu ya kutanthauzira yafupika chitsanzo cha chilengedwe.

ntchito yake ndi kuwerenga nthawi ndi chisonyezo kwa zakuthambo. Pankhaniyi, aliyense wa iwo amagwirizana ndi mbalame yeniyeni maola. Mwachitsanzo, Nkhanu ndi chizindikiro cha dzuwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chosafa, kutentha ndi kuwala. Ndi lotseguka, ndipo kenako anatseka mchira limaimira usana ndi usiku.

Kadzidzi - umene unalembedwa zaka zambiri mtengo wa mtendere ndi nzeru. Zakhala mtumiki wa usiku ndipo nthawi yomweyo mtumiki wa tsoka. wotchi mbalame wamkuluyu kwake siliva, kuyambira nkhaniyi akhoza kugwirizana ndi mwezi kapena siliva mwezi.

Tambala - chizindikiro kugwirizana ndi m'mawa dzuwa. Anthu ena kusonkhana ndi chizindikiro cha chiyambi cha moyo, maonekedwe a kuunika koona ndi chigonjetso cha wabwino zoipa. Pankhaniyi pali m'chigonjetso m'mawa kuwala pa mdima usiku.

The wotchi yokha akutikumbutsa za waufupi nthawi, kuimira kupitiriza ndi chitsitsimutso cha moyo, osatha kulimbana pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa.

Zinayendera kwa maola

Ngakhale izi wotchi chodabwitsa ndi bwino kuyang'ana dzanja choyamba, kuyesa kuti recreate mfundo lonse la zikuchokera moti. Choncho, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo mbewu "wamoyo" kadzidzi. mutu wake ndi selo wokha, umene wakhala, anayamba atembenuza. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali kulira mabelu, angagwirizanitse ku woonda mphukira kadzidzi nyumba. Mofanana ndi mbalame nyimbo amayamba mwachangu zimaphethira ndipo ngakhale mopepuka pogogoda totsegulira lapansi.

Patapita mphindi ndi hafu pikoko ake payekha. Iye Mochititsa chidwi limasonyeza zimakupiza-mchira, ndiye wayamba tiweramitse, kusuntha khosi, mulomo lotseguka, ndi kuponyera mmbuyo mutu wake. Field ya wodzichepetsa "pa" mbalame msana kwa omvetsera, bwino kusonyeza nthenga awo anzeru, chifukwa mabasi nthawi zina, ndiye kachiwiri akutenga malo akale ndi atolele mchira.

Baton akudutsa kwa tambala. Iye trots cranes mutu ndi makope ake aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino "Ku-ka-kukonzanso-ku". Ndipo mbalame ndi zilembo amaundana kachiwiri kwa mphindi zochepa kuti adzikonzenso yake yapadera kuvina ndi kukonzanso anagonjetsa Hermitage. Gold penyani "Nkhanu" - ndi bokosilo zachilendo anapatsidwa ena chinsinsi wapadera ndipo ngakhale matsenga. Mvetserani kwa izo ndipo yang'anani pa izo - zosangalatsa weniweni ndi chimwemwe.