Makhadi: makadi banki, kamangidwe, ntchito, mbali ndi magwiridwe

makadi pulasitiki Banks akhala gawo la munthu aliyense masiku ano. Ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo. Wina - malipiro, winayo - maphunziro kapena thandizo la ndalama analandira pa makhadi.

Mitundu ya makadi banki, zikhalidwe za anatulukira, ntchito, njira kutsekedwa, komanso mbiri ya mankhwala ndalama, mungaphunzire ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Amagwiritsidwanso machitidwe otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse limene Adzaperekedwa amakamba khadi pulasitiki issuance ndi kuthandizidwa.

Chiyambi ndi mbiri wotsatira chitukuko

Taganizirani makadi, kuyambira nthawi imene anayamba kuoneka woyamba khadi banki.

Ogulira Boom ku America mu makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo, komanso dziko lonse lapansi, ntchito ndalama m'njira ziwiri: ndalama ndipo sanali ndalama.

Ngati mtundu woyamba wa zonse bwino, siteji yachiwiri pa nkhani zake.

ndalama Cashless ndiye anali macheke checkbooks. ogwiritsa ntchito makadi pulasitiki Current kumvetsa zinthu zonse zoipa ntchito checkbook:

- kuthekera chinyengo;

- kulembetsa yaitali aliyense kugwira ntchito;

- zonse muyenera kunyamula pepala cheke, zomwe zikhoza kuonongeka.

Pa lomwelo American malonda Boom, pamene chiwerengero cha wotuluka malonda wachulukitsa kangapo, kufunika kokhala ndi chida chomwe molondola macheke utaipa kwambiri.

Choyamba, makadi banki ngati chidutswa yachibadwa a makatoni pa zomwe kulowa mfundo zawo.

Kenako bwino, chinawonjezeka mlingo wa chitetezo.

Mu mawonekedwe imene onse ntchito powona makadi lero, anayamba kupangidwa m'ma 70 Mu zaka zapitazo, atangomezedwa anatulukira tepi ya maginito.

Kodi khadi banki?

Popanda kupita mfundo zachuma, tikhoza kunena chabe - ndi fungulo ku nkhani banki, kumene inu mukhoza kuchita ntchito mfundo za pangano (kutapa ndalama gawo, kulipira ngongole, etc ...).

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti chidutswa cha pulasitiki ngwa anthu kukhala nkhaniyi. Uku ndikulakwitsa, ngati mwini woona wa khadi ngongole ndi opereka banki. Munthu amene ali mwini nkhani khadi - izo zangokhala khadi chofukizira.

Kodi khadi banki?

Pakali pano, makadi onse ngongole, kaya Mlengi, ndi mawonekedwe muyezo ndi kukula. ISO 7810 - muyezo umene n'chakuti kodi kukhala khadi banki. Mitundu ya makadi banki, amene ali m'munsiwa pali osiyana, koma magawo otsatirawa ali yemweyo:

• kukula - 85,6 kuti 53,98 mamilimita;

• pamaso pa tepi ya maginito;

• zotheka pamaso pa Chip ndi;

• mbali yakutsogolo lili fano (chithunzi chakumbuyo), komanso chizindikiro cha dongosolo malipiro, khadi nambala, dzina la mwini wake ndi dzina la mwezi ndi chaka limene agwiritsidwa;

• kumbuyo mbali chitsanzo ndi pano; Komanso, pali tepi ya maginito, malo kwa chofukizira siginecha khadi ndi wapadera chinsinsi malamulo operekedwa manambala atatu kapena anayi.

Kumene, pali kuchotserapo, malingana ndi banki opereka. Mwachitsanzo, ena mabungwe chuma choti chithunzi zipsera za chofukizira pa khadi banki.

Mitundu ya makadi banki

makadi gulu uyenera magulu angapo mwanzeru kuwerenga iwo ndi mtundu. Choncho, mtundu wa dongosolo malipiro amene makadi ntchito, ali:

• wamba;

• padziko lonse.

Poyerekezera ndi nkhani ya khadi:

• zazikulu;

• zina.

Malinga ndi mtundu atolankhani:

• embossed;

• neembossirovannye.

Makadi akhoza kugawidwa pa ntchito ya padziko:

• imaŵerengedwa kapena madebiti;

• ngongole;

• yolipiriratu kadi.

Mitundu ya makadi banki akhoza kugawidwa ndi udindo ndi mlingo wa utumiki mu njira izi:

• n'kamodzi (yosavomerezeka);

• muyezo;

• golide;

• pulatinamu;

• umafunika.

Pa mfundo za kukhalako thupi:

• lenileni;

• pafupifupi.

mapu Local ndi malipiro chida kuti ntchito mu kachitidwe kamodzi kokha malipiro, ntchito pa dera la boma limodzi.

International, nayenso, n'zotheka kuti ndalama padziko lonse, azitha kucheza ndi machitidwe ena malipiro.

Zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse machitidwe malipiro ndi Visa (dziko pamsika - oposa 50%) ndi MasterCard (pafupifupi 30% ya dziko lonse makadi pulasitiki). Mu malo lachitatu American Express, zimafunika pafupifupi 18%. Chitsanzo cha makadi inakhazikitsa mu Russian Federation, amene umagwira ntchito padziko lonse, ndi khadi madebiti "Tinkoff Bank".

Nkhani imodzi khadi akhoza chikalata ngati khadi chachikulu ndi zina. Wogwira khadi waukulu ayenera kukhala mwini nkhani ya khadi.

Ogwirizira a makadi zina kungakhale aliyense, koma ayenera kukhala atagwirizana khadi nkhani chofukizira.

makadi embossed

makhadi amenewa angakhale yaitali kuposa neembosirovannye, chifukwa chakuti chiwerengero ndi tsiku khadi atapita, ndi dzina la chofukizira ndipo dzina lake si kusindikiza embossed pa mapulasitiki.

Pa mapu ochiritsira mofulumira kwambiri achotsa zolemba zonse chifukwa cha mikangano zonse mu chikwama, thumba, ndi ATM. khadi A, embossed embosser (chipangizo wapadera), Musataye mawonekedwe awo ndithu nthawi yaitali.

Kodi ndingatani ndi khadi?

Malinga ndi mndandanda pamwamba pa mitundu ya makadi pulasitiki, iwo akhoza kugawidwa pa wotuluka tingathere. Tiyeni tikambirane mitundu zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Mwachitsanzo, awiri a mtundu womwewo mu makadi Visa Classic kulola zopalira zawo kuchita ntchito osiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ngongole kalasi ndi pang'ono kokha amasankha zinthu zimene zilipo kuti onyamula awo.

Chinthu choyamba tikambirane makadi madebiti (Calculated). Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mwayi kwa chilungamo likulu la kasitomala banki, amene anayikidwa pa nkhani ya khadi.

Limagwirira ntchito yawo ndi losavuta - choyamba muyenera kuika ndalama kapena kuyembekezera kusintha kwa nkhaniyi, ndiye ntchito khadi ndalama angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse pamene pali osachiritsika lolingana.

Ena angatchedwe gawo. Chitsanzo ndi khadi madebiti "Tinkoff Bank", zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama kwa wogwira chifukwa cha pamaso pa mitengo ndalama zolipirira chidwi ndi zosiyanasiyana mapulogalamu bonasi.

Komanso, makadi madebiti ali wosindikiza mabanki, mothandizidwa Intaneti malonda. Mwachitsanzo, mapu "Mbewu" ndi chilengedwe malipiro chida katundu mu maukonde "Euroset", komanso abwenzi ake.

makhadi

Palinso makhadi. Mosiyana ndi mitundu chatha tinapangidwa ntchito ndalama yobwereka. Mwachitsanzo, muli MasterCard ngongole ndi kuchuluka kwa 10 zikwi. Rubles.

Mukamapereka ndalama zawo, mukhoza kuchotsa khadi imeneyi, kutenga nkhani malire 10,000 p. Mu mawu a mgwirizano, muyenera kubwerera ndalama ku bungwe la ndalama, kuika ndalama pa khadi banki, ndi kulipira amalipiritsa awo ntchito mu mawonekedwe a chidwi ngati pangano amenewa amapereka.

Iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri, malinga ndi mmene banki adzakhala chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole ya. Mwachitsanzo, pali zinthu mokondera kadi chimene inu kulipira chidwi okha nkhani ya kulephera kubweza ndalama, wotchedwa ŵakwenera m'nthawi yapadera. Kawirikawiri ndi masiku 30-40.

Yolipiriratu kadi sichina koma ngati kalata yachibadwa mphatso, koma mtundu kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse. Ndi khadi izi mukhoza kugula ku sitolo ina iliyonse kuti muzilowa utumiki uwu.

Ndiko kuti, mungathe kulamula khadi yolipiriratu pa TH 5. Rubles, icho kwa munthu amene adzatha kulipira izo ndendende kuchuluka komweko pamene kugula katundu m'sitolo izi. Mfundo ntchito ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a zikalata mphatso.

mlingo makadi osiyana

makadi a madebiti akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ingapo, malinga ndi msinkhu wawo ndi kupezeka kwa options zina ndi mlingo wa chitetezo chinyengo ndalama kwa iwo.

misinkhu Nthawi zambiri chabe anatsindika udindo wa chofukizira kuposa zimasiyana Chrixitu. Ngakhale pali kuchotserapo.

Mlingo wotsikitsitsa mu yomweyo makadi (yosavomerezeka). Kupanda si chifukwa palibe munthu mwini. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti, mwa kulamula nokha khadi banki, mudzalandira izo yomweyo. malamulo Bank iwo pasadakhale, koma iwo alibe mayina, ndipo dzina la chofukizira khadi. makadi awa zambiri anapangidwa kuti kugula pa sitolo Intaneti.

Momwe ziriri pano (muyezo) misinkhu

Ndiyeno mlingo muyezo. Amatanthauza kuti kuli makadi Visa Classic kapena MasterCard Standart. Kuyambira makadi Instant amadziŵika ndi msinkhu bwino chitetezo chifukwa embossed kapena neembossirovannoy dzina kusindikiza ndi dzina la chofukizira khadi. makhadi amenewa ali makamaka ntchito azilandira malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito, stipends, penshoni ndi thandizo lina la ndalama.

zambiri kuposa makadi golide zimapezeka mawonekedwe a Visa Gold kapena MasterCard Gold. Nkhani za khadi pulasitiki mlingo si aliyense angakwanitse, choncho imatengedwa ngati wadziko, monga kuyenera anthu m'mbuyomo. motere khadi kale monga pamaso pa tchipisi pulasitiki, amene kwambiri kumawonjezera chitetezo chinyengo. Komanso, pali mabanki kuti kupereka ogwirizira a Visa Gold ufulu kutenga katundu ndi thanzi inshuwalansi.

Platinum Visa kapena MasterCard ndi udindo-kuposa golide. phindu nthawi zina amabwera kwa ndalama wofanana kangapo mlingo ang'onoang'ono, malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mabanki. kusiyana kwambiri ndi mlingo yapita si. Nthawi zambiri kusiyana akuwonetseredwa mu malire kuchuluka kwa pogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi khadi.

Ndi khadi apamwamba ndi umafunika. Mtengo wa makadi awa ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndipo utumiki ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kwa anthu wamba. Izi zayambitsa njira (ntchito zina), amene banki ali ndi zopalira ufulu wa makadi amenewa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi ndalama mlangizi ndi yothandiza munthu, amene angakhoze kumutcha nthawi iliyonse.

khadi akhoza kukhala pafupifupi ndi

Monga kwanenedwera kale, khadi kungakhale osati pulasitiki, komanso kwathunthu pafupifupi, ndiko kuti, alipo yekha mu kompyuta.

Awa ndi makhadi wapadera amene alipo mawonekedwe a pakompyuta ndi mabanki yekha kwa malipiro pa Intaneti. Ndipotu, iwo amafuna osachepera mudziwe - khadi code, tsiku lotha ndi wapadera CVV2 code.

Chisankho ayenera zimadalira zosowa

Podziwa zonse za maonekedwe a makadi, inu mosavuta kusankha munthu woyenera. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri - ndi bwino kudziwa zosowa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, n'chifukwa chiyani muyenera "ngongole", ngati ndinu wolemera uja, komanso khadi "Mbewu", ngati si ntchito misonkhano ya "Euroset" kapena abwenzi ake?

Komanso dziwani: apamwamba a kalasi khadi, mtengo zambiri mudzazilipira utumiki. Ngati ndinu wophunzira, khadi golide pa nthawi palibe wabwino. Ndipo ndi maulendo kawirikawiri kunja ndi mokwanira lalikulu makope ndalama munthu wopanda khadi pulatinamu ngongole simungathe kuchita, kuganizira ntchito zonse kuti lidzakhala lilipo kwa inu.