Amene anatsegula Dutch wofufuza Abel Tasman? Athandiza Abel Tasman ku madera

Tasman Abel Yanszon wotchuka Dutch wofufuza, anatulukira New Zealand, Fiji Islands ndi Bismarck, komanso zina zambiri zilumba zing'onozing'ono. Iwo chikutchedwa Tasmania chilumba, ili kum'mwera kwa Australia, amene anali woyambirira pitani Abele Tasman. Kuti watsegula wapaulendo wotchuka, ndipo pamene iye anali - werengani za izo mu nkhaniyi.

Chinsinsi cha chiyambi cha kuyenda panyanja ndi

Ndipotu, ine ndinaganiza za Abel Tasman amadziwika osati kwambiri, osachepera, pa kutaya azambiriyakale, pali zikalata ochepa kwambiri kuti mwina waunikira mbiri yake. Mwa zinthu zilipo, pali Blog ulendo 1642-1643 gg., Linalembedwa mu dzanja lake, ndipo ena mwa makalata ake. Koma tsiku lobadwa wa seafarer, izo kudziwika chaka chimodzi chokha - 1603. Malo kubadwa kwa Tasman anadziwika kokha mu 1845, pamene miyala Dutch adzakhala, wasenza iwo anapezeka mu 1657 - mwina izo Lyutgegast m'mudzi ili m'chigawo Dutch wa Groningen.

Komanso, pang'ono amadziwika za makolo ake yapamadzi, koma atate wake, mwina dzina lake Jans, monga dzina pakati Abel Yanszon zofunika "Jansa mwana." Kodi Tasman anaphunzitsidwa, anakhala yapamadzi - pa izi ngati palibe mfundo. Mwina asanakwanitse zaka makumi atatu, iye sanali maudindo mkulu, koma Abel Tasman chilikupita ku madzi European makamaka sachoka.

Kusamukira ku Dutch East Indies

Mu 1633 (monga buku lina - mu 1634) ndi yapamadzi Dutch ku Ulaya ndipo anapita ku East Indies, akale pa nthawi Dutch njuchi. Pali Abel Tasman anatumikira monga woyendetsa bwatolo la zombo a Dutch East India Company, kupeza zinachitikira ndi zinayenda bwino, mwamsanga 1638, anaikidwa mkulu wa "Mngelo" chotengera.

Tasmania amayenera kubwerera ku Holland, kumene zinasaina pangano latsopano ndi kampani kwa zaka khumi. Kuwonjezera India, anabwerera ndi mkazi wake, zimene pang'ono amadziwika. Ali ndi mwana wamkazi, amene kwa zaka zambiri ankakhala ndi bambo ake Batavia (tsopano Jakarta), ndipo kenako anakwatiwa ndipo anasamukira ku Europe.

chuma Hunt

Mwa Spanish ndi Dutch ofufuza kale nthano za ena zachinsinsi, wolemera mu zitsulo zamtengo wapatali Islands Rico de A Plata de oro ndi Puerto Rico, kutanthauza "wolemera siliva" ndiponso "golide wolemera", amati ili mu nyanja kum'mawa kwa Japan. Anthony galimoto Diemen, ndiye Kazembe-General wa East India, anafuna kupeza zilumba zimenezi. Pofufuza zombo ziwiri, chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito amene anali anthu 90 anali ndi mfuti. Sitimayo "alumikize" natsogozedwa ndi Abel Tasman.

June 2, 1639 zombo mwa gombe pa Batavia ndi kupita ku Japan. Kuwonjezera ntchito yaikulu maulendowa anali ndi vuto lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu Philippines zapangidwa kuti kusintha mapu m'derali, mu Komanso, Oyendetsa anali mwayi ndi kutsegula zilumba zingapo watsopano Bonin Islands. Iwo tinkauzidwa kuti tsintho ndi anthu a m'dziko la malo adzakhala kudzacheza. Anapitiriza kupita mu njira anafuna, koma posakhalitsa zombo mliri itayamba, chifukwa mu ulendo wa anakakamizika kubwerera. Koma Abele Tasman zaka za moyo, ndi lalikulu, wadutsa mu maulendo wosatha, ndipo nthawi imeneyi analibe tiziwononga nthawi pamene ndimabwerera, pamene kupitiriza kuchita kafukufuku expanses m'madzi.

Latsopano navigation - zoopsa zatsopano

Maulendowa anabwerera ku Batavia February 19, 1640, Angelezi. Abel Tasman ulendo sanali bwino kwathunthu, chifukwa ogwira lake anapulumuka anthu asanu okha amene anatsala, ndi katundu kunja katundu sanakhutire kwambiri Land ndi Van Diemen, chifukwa sikunali kotheka kuti kupeza chuma cha chilumba mwachinsinsi. Komabe, wolamulira wamkulu sanathe kuwunika mphamvu ya Abele Tasman, ndipo kuchokera mobwerezabwereza anatumiza kwa mu kusambira zosiyanasiyana.

Pa ntchito pafupi Taiwan zombo anagwira mkuntho wamphamvu Amira pafupifupi onse zombo. Tasmania mozizwitsa anathawa pa flagship kokha moyo, koma ziyembekezo sanali duwa, chifukwa chombo sadzachitanso anali wolimba: ndi mlongoti ndi zowongolera adakhala wothyoledwa, ndipo anagwira anali ndi madzi. Koma tsoka anapulumutsa woyendetsa monga amangotchula amasambira ndi chombo Dutch.

Kukonzekera latsopano lalikulu ulendo

The Dutch East India Company kupitiriza ndi ulamuliro wake nthawi bungwe Maulendo latsopano. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Kazembe-General galimoto Diemen mu 1642, zokuzira kunja ulendo wina, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kuphunzira kum'mwera Indian Ocean, ndi kupeza maulendo latsopano nyanja. Iwo anali tasked kupeza Solomon Islands, namtsata matanga kum'mawa pofunafuna njira mulingo woyenera kuti Chile. Komanso, kunali kofunika kupeza maphunziro a dziko kum'mwera, amene anatulukira wofufuza Willem Yanszon m'zaka za m'ma XVII.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, kuyenda panyanja Dutch ankaona pafupifupi kuyenda panyanja kwambiri mwaluso East India, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mtsogoleri zili zofunika anaikidwa kwa kampani Abel Tasman ulendo. Ata- pa ulendo wa? Tasman analemba mwatsatanetsatane mu zolemba zake.

Kupezeka kwa Tasmania

Maulendowa, August 14, 1642 lofalitsidwa mu Batavia, anthu 110 nawo. Gulu anayenera pa ulendo maboti ziwiri: flagship "Hemsmerke" ndi atatu masted "Zeehane" kusamutsidwa matani 60 100, motero. Malinga ndi umboni Tasman, sitima imene amalinyero anali kupita paulendo, sanali pamalo abwino, motero ankadziwa kuti pa zombo zimenezi ndi chodziwikiratu kuti awoloke Pacific ndi kufika ku gombe la Chile.

Abel Tasman waganiza mwayamba kuphunzira zambiri za kum'mwera Indian Ocean, amene anapita ku chilumba cha Mauritius, chimene chili kum'mawa kwa Africa, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko anatembenukira kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa, ndipo kufika 49 ° kum'mwera kumpoto n'kuyamba. Choncho anafika pa magombe a pachilumbachi, yomwe kenako dzina la anatulukira ake - Tasmania Koma yekha yapamadzi Dutch dzina Van Diemen a Land, pambuyo kazembe wa madera East Indies.

Anapitiriza kusambira ndi zina zomwe latsopano

Maulendowa anapitiriza kusambira zokwawa ina easterly, mwazunguliza malo atsopanowo anapeza pamodzi chakumwera. Choncho Abele Tasman anafika kugombe la kumadzulo kwa New Zealand, kenako anatenga ulamuliro pa Dziko Lapansi US (tsopano Staten Island, yomwe ili kutali kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa Latin America). Apaulendo pang'ono kufufuza kugombe la New Zealand, pambuyo kapitawo tinapeza kuti dziko anapeza palibe Solomon Islands, iye anaganiza zobwerera ku Batavia.

Tasman watumiza zombo kumpoto kwa ulendo wa. Pobwerera iye anali kutsegula zilumba zambiri, kuphatikizapo Fiji. Mwa njira, ofufuza European kuno patapita zaka 130. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Tasman tidapita pafupiko ndi Solomon Islands, ndipo anamuuza kuyang'ana, koma chifukwa cha aone osauka a ulendo anali anaona.

Bwererani ku Batavia. Kukonzekera za ulendo wotsatira

Zombo Hemsmerk "ndi" Zeehan "anabwerera ku Batavia June 15, 1643. Popeza maulendowa sanam'bweretsere ndalama iliyonse, ndipo kapitawo sanali kukwaniritsa ntchito zake zonse, kasamalidwe wa East India Company wonse sanakhutire ndi zotsatira za kusambira, zomwe Abel Tasman. Kupezeka kwa Land ndi Van Diemen Komabe, adakondweretsa ndi kazembe, amene anali ndi chidwi, iye ankakhulupirira kuti zonse sanataye, ndi kale kuganizira za kutumiza ulendo watsopano.

nthawi iyi, iye anali ndi chidwi New Guinea, omwe ankakhulupirira, anali ofunika mozamirapo kufufuza kwa chuma mchere. Bwanamkubwa anatsimikiza kukhazikitsa njira pakati pa New Guinea ndi kumene anapeza Van Diemen a Land, choncho nthawi yomweyo anayamba kulinganiza ulendo watsopano, kutsogozedwa ndi yoikidwa Tasman.

Kuphunzira kugombe la kumpoto kwa Australia

Pa ulendo wa Dutch kuyenda panyanja, pang'ono amadziwika, monga magwero okha umboni za izo - kalata galimoto Diemen, yopita ku East India Company, ndi zoona, Maps kukopedwa ndi Tasman. Kuyenda panyanja anatha kulemba mapu mwatsatanetsatane zoposa zitatu ndi theka zikwi. Km wa kugombe la kumpoto kwa Australia, ndipo chimenechi chinali umboni kuti dziko lino ndi kumtunda.

Maulendowa anabwerera ku Batavia 4 August 1644. Ngakhale East India Company, ndipo nthawi imeneyi sanapeze phindu lililonse, mu nyota za kuyenda panyanja kunali Mosakayikira, monga Abele Tasman anapanga chopereka chachikulu cha phunziro popereka Africa kum'mwera, izo mu May 1645 anali kupereka udindo wa Commander. Komanso, analandira ofesi yapamwamba ndi kulumikiza Council Chilungamo cha Batavia.

incorrigible wapaulendo

Ngakhale udindo watsopano, amene adatenga Tasman, komanso ntchito ndi udindo wake, iye nthawi anapita ulendo akutali. Choncho, 1645-1646 gg. Iye anakhala nawo maulendowa kwa Chimaleya Archipelago, mu 1647 m'chombo ku Siam (tsopano Thailand), ndipo 1648-1649 - Philippines.

Abel Tasman, amene yonena ndi zonse zosiyanasiyana zosaiŵalika, mu 1653, kutsanzika. Iye anakhala mu Batavia, kumene m'banja kachiwiri, koma mkazi wake wachiwiri amadziwikanso Sizikudziwika ngati woyamba. Atatha kukhala wabata ndi wamtendele moyo kwa zaka 56, Tasman anafa 1659.

Zimene zinachitika pa imodzi mwa maulendo ambiri

The Tasman Blog pali zambiri za mbiri osiyana, kutiuza ife za ulendo 1642-1643 gg., Kodi Dutch anali mwayi wotenga nawo mbali wapaulendo. Imodzi ya tinkhani, lolembedwa iwo, nkhani za titenge zomwe zinachitika pa ena chilumba ing'onoing'ono yomwe kunali koyenera kuti akayendere Oyendetsa.

Izo zinachitika kuti ena mbadwa anaponya muvi motsogozedwa akufika ndiwobvulazidwa mmodzi wa amuna. Am'deralo mwina poopa mkwiyo wa anthu pa zombo anabweretsa ponena chombo ndipo anaponyedwa ku obwerawa. Iwo mwina ankaganiza kuti amalinyero anaweramuka ndi tribesman awo woyerekedwa Komabe, ambiri a m'nthawi yake Tasman, utha achita zimenezi. Koma Abele Tasman anasonyeza kuti wachifundo, amene anali mlendo kwa chilungamo, kotero iye apite wa ndende wake.

Amadziwika kuti amalinyero amene anali wamng'ono kwa Tasman, ulemu iye, ndipo zimenezi si zodabwitsa chifukwa m'nkhaniyi ndi woyerekedwa mbadwa, tinganene kuti iye anali munthu woyenera. Komanso, iye anali odziwa kuyenda panyanja ndi akatswiri mu munda wake, kotero amalinyero kumukhulupirirabe.

Pomaliza

Popeza ulendo wa oyendetsa sitima Dutch ndi yophunzira yoyamba yaikulu ya madzi Australia, ndipo Oceania, chopereka Abel Tasman mu madera sitingalephere kukambapo. ntchito zake kuti akhale ndi patsogolo yofunika kwambiri maps of nthawi, kotero Tasman ndi imodzi mwa apainiya zofunika za m'ma XVII.

The State Archives wa Netherlands ili The Hague, adasunga wapatali kwambiri mbiri ya tsikulo, amene Tasman panokha wodzazidwa inali imodzi mwa Maulendo a. Ndi unyinji wa zopweteka za mauthenga ndi zithunzi zimene zimasonyeza pamaso pa yapamadzi chapadera luso talente. M'malemba a tsikulo anali inafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1860 ndi compatriot Tasman Yakobo Schwartz. Mwatsoka, asayansi sanathe kupeza logbook choyambirira zombo amene anayenda panyanja ndi Tasman.

Tasmania - si yekha Hrs gulu lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina la anatulukira zake zotchuka. Kuyambira chimene chikutchedwa Abel Tasman, tingasiyanitsire nyanja inali pakati pa Australia ndi ku New Zealand, komanso gulu la zilumba yaing'ono imene ili mu Pacific Ocean.