Wambiri Nikolaya Gastello. Feat Gastello, anapita mpaka mu mbiri

Nikolay Frantsevich Gastello, ndi zinazo zomwe anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, anabadwa mu 1907 mu Moscow, ndipo anamwalira mu 1941. takambiranazi tiyesa mwachidule kukuuzani mphindi zofunika kwambiri za moyo wa ngwazi Soviet.

Amene anali makolo a aviator otchuka?

Ilo linali Soviet asilikali woyendetsa, membala wa nkhondo atatu, mkulu wa squadron chachiwiri. Iye anafa pa nthawi ya kuchoka kwa asilikali. Gastello - Hero wa Soviet Union. mutuwu anali kupereka Nikolayu Frantsevichu atamwalira.

Amene anali makolo a Gastello, ngwazi weniweni? Atate Nikolai Pavlovich otchedwa Franz Gastello. Iye anali Russian German. Anabadwira ku mudzi wa Pluzine. Pamene iyo inayamba mu 1900, ndinafika kukafuna ntchito mu Moscow, kumene anayamba kugwira ntchito pa Kazan Railway mu foundries. dzina mayiyo anali Nicholas Anastasia Semyonovna Kutuzov. Iye anali chiyambi Russian ndipo ankagwira ntchito yosoka zovala ndi.

Ndiye n'chifukwa Nikolai Gastello ft anachita? Mwina yankho yonena wake? M'pofunika tikambirane mwachidule ntchito ya Nicholas.

mnyamata Gastello

Kuyambira mu 1914 mpaka 1918 Nikolay anaphunzira pa amuna wachitatu Sokolniki mzinda sukulu dzina la A. S. Pushkina. A njala yoopsa mu 1918 amakakamizidwa makolo pa nthawi ya alichotse Moscow, kotero pamodzi ndi gulu la sukulu Muscovites, anam'tumiza Bashkiria.

Mu 1919, Nikolai anabwerera Moscow, kumene iye anapita kusukulu. Nikolai anayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1923, anayamba kuphunzira kalipentala. Kenako mu 1924, Gastello banja anasamukira ku mzinda wa Moore, pamene Nicholas wamng'ono anakhala makaniko pa chomera sitima iwo. Dzerzhinsky, komwe anagwira ntchito bambo ake. Limodzi ndi ntchito, iye sukulu ya sekondale (mu nthawi masiku ano pali sukulu pa No. 33). Mu 1928 analowa CPSU. Mu 1930, mamembala Gastello banja kachiwiri anabwerera ku Moscow, ndi Nicholas anayamba kugwira ntchito woyamba wa zomangamanga anthu chomera iwo. 1 May. Nicholas ankakhala m'mudzi Khlebnikovo kuchokera 1930 mpaka mu 1932.

The utumiki mu Red Army

Mu 1932, mu May, malinga akonzedwa wapadera wa Nikolai wa dziko mu Red Army. Ndipo chifukwa ichi anali azikaphunzira pa Air Force Pilot School mumzinda wa Lugansk. maphunziro unachitika ku May 1932 kuti December 1933.

Iye anatumikira mu eyite-chachiwiri kunagwa yoponya mabomba Squadron makumi awiri oyamba kunagwa yoponya mabomba Aviation Brigade, m'munsi umene unali mu mzinda wa Rostov pa-Don, mu 1938. Kumeneko anayamba woyendetsa ndege kuulukira kumanja pa yoponya mabomba lachitatu lolemera. Ndipo mu 1934 (November) Nikolay kale yekha anatha ndege. Kodi akuganiza kuti m'tsogolo chintchito - ndi chintchito woyendetsa Gastello - nthawizonse kukhala mu mbiri ya Russia?

Nkhondo yoyamba Gastello

Chifukwa kukonzanso kwa, mu 1938, Nicholas anali woyamba kunagwa yoponya mabomba Regiment. Mu 1939, mu May, iye anali mtsogoleri, ndipo patangotha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi - mkulu kazembe squadron lapansi. Iye anakhala nawo nkhondo pa Khalkhin-, pamodzi ndi zana ndi makumi asanu yachangu yoponya mabomba Aviation Regiment, amene anali subordinated kwa Squadron TBAP choyamba. Panalinso nawo mu Soviet Chifinishi nkhondo ndi nawo ndondomeko za inalowa la Bessarabia ndi kumpoto Bukovina kuti Soviet Union kuchokera June kuti July 1940. Pafupi yozizira chaka chino, ndege gawo kudzalimbikitsa kuti Vitebsk, kumalire a kumadzulo, ndiyeno Aviagorodok pafupi Smolensk. Ndipo mu 1940, Nicholas anali kupereka udindo wa mkulu. Mu 1941, m'chaka, Nicholas anali muphunzitsidwe ndipo analandira pa kutaya ndege DB-3F. Iye anali mkulu wa squadron chachinayi cha mazana awiri ndi asanu losatha ndege Regiment.

Feat Gastello anapangidwa pambuyo kuwonjezeka, kale mtsogoleri wachiwiri squadron a mbali chomwecho.

pangoziyi

Mu 1941, ndicho June 26, lotsogoledwa ndi Captain Nikolaem Frantsevichem lolembedwa ndi msilikali G. N. Skorobogatym, A. Burdenyuk ndi achikulire anga A. A. Kalininom pa ndege DB-3F ndege anachoka kutulutsa bomba ndi German mzere makina a njira Molodechno -Radoshkovichi. Flight zinachitika pamodzi ndi ulalo wa 2 zoponya mabomba. Antiaircraft moto makina Nikolaya Frantsevicha anawomberedwa.

Mdani projectile kuwonongeka chinaperekedwa thanki mafuta. Nicholas anatembenuka ndege wake woyaka moto pa malo a mzati mdani makina. Feat Gastello (mwachidule) anali kuchititsa moto nkhosa. mamembala onse oyendetsa anaphedwa.

Malinga Vorobiev ndi Rybas

June 26, 1941 anasiya zikuchokera kutsogoleredwa ndi Captain Nikolaem Frantsevichem Gastello. Pamodzi ndi heavies awiri DB-3F. The ndege chachiwiri opareshoni mkulu mkulu F. Vorobyov, monga kuyenda panyanja naye anaulukira mkulu Anatoly Rybas. Kodi mayina awo anali 2 zambiri adalira Vorobyov, mamembala osadziwika. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya njira ndende German Gastello ndege anawomberedwa pansi. Pa mawu a Vorobyov ndi Rybas, Gastello moto galimoto opangidwa ramming mdani makina ndime luso. Usiku, anthu wamba a m'midzi kufupi Dekshnyany anatulutsa mitembo ya oyendetsa ndege, atakulungidwa mitembo mu parachutes ndi m'manda pafupi malo a ngozi yoponya mabomba.

kuphunzira

Posachedwa ft Gastello analandira lonse atolankhani Kuphunzira. Mu 1941, 5 July, madzulo mu chidule cha Information Soviet Bureau kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti anatchulidwa za mchitidwe wa Nicholas. Oonetsetsa Pavlenko, P. Krylov analemba nkhani mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka, "Captain Gastello", limene linatuluka mu nyuzipepala pansi udindo "Choonadi" m'mawa pa 10 July.

M'bandakucha pa July 6 pa enawo zosiyanasiyana kutsogolo kwa oyendetsa anakumana mu kudzera m'zokuzira mawu za. Information anapatsira Moscow wailesi, mawu Wotsogolera mwambo anaoneka bwino - yomweyo popped kukumbukira nyumba, Moscow. The Woitana kuwerenga zambiri za zomwe zinazo anapanga Gastello. Anthu ambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana a kutsogolo kwa Wotsogolera mwambo mobwerezabwereza dzina la ngwazi - Captain Gastello.

takumbukira

Long nkhondo isanayambe, pamene Gastello pamodzi ndi bambo ake ankagwira ntchito ku Moscow zomera Nicholas anandiuza kuti, kaya si Kwalamulidwa, chilichonse ntchito sindinawatume, ndipo kulikonse kumene iye anapereka chitsanzo ndipo anali chitsanzo cha khama, khama ndi kudzipereka. Iye anali munthu kudziunjikira mphamvu mu nkhani yaikulu.

Pamene anakhala nkhondowo woyendetsa, nthawi yomweyo iyesedwa yolungama. Iye sanali wotchuka, koma mwamsanga anayenda ndi kutchuka ndi. Feat Gastello monga anakumbukira kenako, anayenera kusankha. Chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa iye anali munthu! Tsiku lililonse izo unachitikira pofuna kuchita chinachake dziko lawo tsiku ndi tsiku anali feat.

Mu 1939, mabomba belofinskie mafakitale asilikali, bunkers ndi milatho mu Bessarabia anaponya paratroopers athu amene anali kuteteza looting wa boma. Mu masiku a Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo Nikolay Frantsevich - Chief wa squadron wake - ndi Nazi oti muli nazo zida mizati ukali, ukali kuti smithereens kumenyana maofesi, ndi sliver wa milatho wosweka. Ngakhale zili choncho, mkulu Gastello kutchuka kufala m'madera chakuwuluka.

Mchitidwe, omwe anakhala mbiri

Final ft Gastello sadzaiwala nthawi mu moyo wanga. July 3 lamulo lake kapitawo Nikolai Frantsevich anamenyera mu mlengalenga. Kutali, pansi, pansi, kwambiri, anapitiriza kumenyana. mayunitsi Moto wa mdani anayenda ku gawo Soviet. Nkhonya ya zida zankhondo yathu ndi mphamvu mpweya akupatsa kusiya kupita patsogolo. Pogwira nkhondo Gastello sanalole asakuoneka ndi nthaka nkhondo.

Pa nkhondo mdani projectile amanyamula mpweya thanki ya ndege yake. The ndege zimaphulika moto. zinthu zoona, opanda chiyembekezo.

Captain Gastello tisataye moto galimoto. Pansi, ndi otsutsa a ntchentche ngati nyenyezi moto, ndege ake. Moto za katswiri woyendetsa. Koma dziko lapansi lili pafupi. Gastello maso otentha ku malawi, koma zilibe kutseka iwo, ndi zowauka manja akadali amphamvu. Akuzunzika ndege amamvera manja a katswiri kufa.

The ndege Gastello wedged mu akasinja kudzikundikira ndi magalimoto, ndi kuphulika mvula ndi peals yaitali rends mpweya nkhondo: thanki mdani amaphulika. Choncho itha moyo wake - osati manyazi ukapolo, osati kusokonekera ndipo chintchito!

Tsiku anapita mu mbiri

Ife nthawi zonse ndipo kumbukirani, iye anatchedwa ngwazi - Captain Nikolai Gastello. ft A chimene wachita, anavula banja lake mwamuna wake ndi mwana, koma anapereka kwawo ngwazi ndi mwayi kupambana.

The m'mutu kosatha zinthu za munthu yemwe anatenga imfa yake, kupanga chida wakupha. chochitika Izi zinachitika pa July 3, ngakhale mfundo iyi sangakhale popanda chifukwa. Koma anali July 3 - tsiku anasonyeza m'nkhani "Captain Gastello". Ambiri mwina, nambala iyi imatchedwa kuti mu lipoti Soviet Information Bureau, amene kuiulutsa July 5 kudzera m'zokuzira mawu. Dziwani kuti nkhani mu "Pravda" walandira yankho lonse ndi chintchito Gastello ankakonda chitsanzo mabodza Soviet. Nicholas anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa lalikulu ndi otchuka zitsanzo za kunkhondo. ft wake nthawizonse kukhala m'mbiri ya Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chitsanzo pa asilikali kukonda dziko lako mabodza ndi cholinga kupanga dziko achinyamata, onse mu nthawi ya nkhondo yomenyana ndi ankhondowo lopondereza, ndipo mu nthawi nkhondoyo, mpaka kugwa kwa USSR.

Udindo analandira postmortem

Kumapeto kwa July 1942 mtsogoleri wa mazana awiri ndi asanu losatha ndege Regiment anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union. Atamwalira, mwatsoka NF Gastello, ndi chintchito kuti tidzakhala moyo kupyola mu mibadwo, waperekedwa kwa mutu uwu.

Watsimikiza Nduna ya chitetezo ya Soviet Union Captain Nikolai Frantsevich kalekale m'gulu mndandanda wa mmodzi wa regiments mpweya. Kwa nthawi yaitali chochitika anali wachinsinsi. Choncho, oyendetsa, zimene zinaphatikizapo Skorobogatyy G. N., Kalinin AA, Burdenyuk AA, nthawi yayitali mu mthunzi wa mkulu wake wotchuka. Koma onse mphoto chomwecho anapatsidwa osati kwa N. Gastello. Chintchito chinakwaniritsidwa ndi gulu lake. Mu 1958, akufa ziwalo zonse oyendetsa anapatsidwa ndi Order a kukonda dziko lako nkhondo digiri Ine. Atamwalira.

"Gastellovtsy" - woyendetsa anapanga "moto nkhosa yamphongo"

Kudzera mwa Soviet propaganda ft Nikolaya Gastello anakhala mmodzi wa wotchuka kwambiri mu mbiri ya Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo nkhondo, ndi dzina la ngwazi za - wotchuka. "Gastellovtsami" anakhala narekat oyendetsa amene mobwerezabwereza chintchito Nicholas. Choncho amene mobwerezabwereza chintchito Gastello?

Okwana pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya 1941-1945. opangidwa mazana asanu nainte-faifi "chakale" mpweya zamphongo, ndicho ndege la ndegeyo. nkhosa zamphongo mazana asanu ndi asanu ndege mipherezero nthaka, nyanja sikisitini zamphongo, nambala iyi akhoza zimachitika zamphongo pamwamba pa nyanja ndi oyendetsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja zikhudze mdani, zana ndi makumi asanu zamphongo oti muli nazo zida.

Pali deta mosiyana chiwerengero cha nkhosa zamphongo

M'pofunika zindikirani kuti magwero pali ena zikusiyana zokhudza chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda kugunda. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani yakuti "otsatira a Nikolai Gastello" akuti fortini zokha kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi ndipo pafupi makumi awiri oti muli nazo zida ramming, mazana asanu asanu ndege pansi ramming chandamale cha mwansanga mazana asanu mumlengalenga.

A. D. Zaytsev m'buku lake "Zida za mzimu wolimba," limafotokoza chiwerengero cha nkhosa zamphongo mpweya kuchuluka kwa oposa mazana asanu ndi makumi awiri. Komanso, ndege mbiri yakale amaona kuti: "mapepala anasonyeza mdani nkhosa zoposa makumi awiri, amene anapanga ndege Soviet mobwerezabwereza chintchito Gastello. Oyendetsa kuti mfundo imeneyi sakudziwika. '

Palibe kugwirizana pa zochita za chiwerengero cha "nkhosa yamoto." Mwachitsanzo, Yuri Ivanov, ntchito yake "akadziphulitse powononga oyendetsa - kudzipha" anatero chiwerengero cha mwansanga umatulutsa oyendetsa Soviet kuchokera 1941 mpaka 1945, "mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu."

Kumapeto kwa ndime iyi

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti oyendetsa Soviet rammed mdani nthawi zambiri. Ziyenera kukhala osachepera ziri kuti atchule kanjedza waukulu m'gulu la Nkhani za mbiri yakale wa zaka nkhondo. Makumi anayi woyendetsa mpweya nkhosa ntchito nthawi 2, 4 woyendetsa - Nikolai Terehin, Vladimir Matveev, Leonid Borisov, Alexei Khlobystov - 3 zina, ndipo Boris Kovzan - nthawi 4. Ndi aja amene mobwerezabwereza chintchito Gastello, cholinga - pa mtengo uliwonse, ngakhale mtengo - moyo wake, kupulumutsa dziko ndi kupereka tsogolo ufulu ena. zopereka zathu kakang'ono ichi - kusunga chikumbukiro amene tsopano zikomo umenewu moyo tili!