The New Policy Economic

1920 - ichi ndi wapadera mbiri ya nyengo ya Soviet. Pa nthawi iyi, Bolsheviks anakakamizika kulola kuli ubale msika ndi kukonza kuti zina mwa mbiri ngati Policy Chatsopano Economic (kapena NEP). n'chifukwa kusintha chiyani?

Kuyambira ndi zikhalidwe

Ndi chiyambi cha 1921 boma anali kwenikweni m'manja mwa Bolsheviks. m'derali atulutsidwa, kayendedwe White ndi asilikali dziko wogonjetsedwa. Koma kumaliza bata mu dziko anali kutali. M'madera osiyana ndiyeno odana Soviet kugalukira itayamba, likuoneka kukhalako kwa Soviet Union. Mmodzi wa iwo, Kronstadt, kunachitika mu March 1921, pomwe pa chakhumi Congress wa RCP (b). Policy Nkhondo chikominisi, amene anali yabwino kwa Bolsheviks okha, zinachititsa kuti impoverishment a anthu ambiri.

Kusonyeza kusintha utsogoleri Soviet anali chifukwa cha chiyembekezo kuti zinthu zisinthe lonse chinazilala, ngati chipale chofewa chaka chatha. Pangani proletariat dziko sakanakhoza kulowa mu mikono Ndipotu, ngakhale anali kupereka gawo la malire a chisanadze chosintha Russia ndi kuzindikira ufulu wa mayiko a Baltic, Poland ndi Finland. Choncho, kunali koyenera kulimbitsa Mphamvu mu lawo, osayembekezera kulandira yokopa chosintha chatsopano.

Mfundo zonsezi zinapangitsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa Lakhumi Congress wa RCP (b) chisankho kusuntha lamulo latsopano zachuma. The Bolsheviks anali pansi mfundo zachuma ndi kulola ogwira ntchito payekha. Iwo anamanganso ndi ntchito amakampani boma akumeneko, omwe anali kutsogoleredwa osati ndi mipherezero ndi phindu. Choncho, akamanena za NEP anali chakuti chuma anayamba kulibe, ngakhale zochepa kwambiri, koma asapita msika.

Akamanena za kusintha

Tsopano, mwachidule zimene anali kukonza onsewa. Mu ulimi, requisitioning linathetsedwa, kuyang'ana kwambiri ngati kulanda, osati msonkho. M'malo mwake, inayambitsa msonkho chakudya umene pa m'mphawi chuma yeniyeni. kukula kwake inali yaing'ono. Kenako, alimi anatilola pangano dziko ndi ntchito ntchito aganyo. Koma lamulo latsopano chuma m'mudzi wa sizinayende kubala zipatso. Ndipo izi chinalepheretsa njala ya 1921-1923 m'dera Volga ndi kum'mwera kwa Ukraine, ndipo ambiri msonkho umene pa Amaya. Mu March 1922, a misonkho a kumidzi streamlined mwa kuyambitsa msonkho osakwatira mtundu adzakhala masamu mu poods wa rye.

M'mizinda ya malamulo atsopano a zachuma, aponso, izo wabweretsa kwambiri kusintha. Makamaka, kuthetsa ufulu wochita malonda. Panali ambiri kuphana chofunika ndi fairs. Inasanduka n'zotheka kulenga ogwira payekha - amamwa kapena waluso kupanga. Small ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe mabizinezi mafakitale mwina anabwerera kwa eni zawo zakale. Komanso analoledwa pangano boma anali mafakitale. Ufulu pangano kampani analandira osati nzika Soviet, komanso amalonda yachilendo. Koma m'boma, pali zinalengedwa kaphatikizidwe mabizinezi boma akumeneko - ndi kukhulupirira. Koma m'mizinda kusintha komanso sizinayende anapita bwino. Ndipotu, pamodzi ndi asapita msika anabwera ndi ndalama, ndi kukwera mitengo ndi ulova. Choncho, mizinda ya USSR ndi m'mayiko capitalist, amenye anayamba angabuke kuntchito. Woyamba pamavuto aakulu kunabuka m'chaka cha 1923 chifukwa otchedwa lumo mtengo pamene mtengo wa katundu chopangidwa anali kuposa ulimi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu wamba anayamba Umbombo malonda awo, kuti kupereka icho kwa kanthu. Pofuna kupewa zipolowe mu dziko, Bolshevik utsogoleri anaganiza kuchepetsa mitengo ya katundu chopangidwa.

Kupambana ndi zotsutsana

Ndipo komabe, ngakhale angapo zotsutsana, ndondomeko yatsopano zachuma wabereka zipatso. Ndi 1925, makampani zikuluzikulu wakhala kukwaniritsa mlingo chisanadze nkhondo zokolola. Ndi kuchuluka chiwerengero cha ulimi. Mawu oyamba a ndalama khola - wotetezedwa zidutswa golide - kunathandiza kulimbitsa chuma.

Komabe, mu linakhalapo, malamulo atsopano zotsutsana osiyana ndi zofooka. Kapangidwe ndale za boma sichinasinthe: mphamvu, monga kale, anakhalabe manja a Bolsheviks. Amalonda anatuluka pa NEP ndi, analibe ufulu ndale. Inde, ndi ntchito yawo mokwanira kwambiri: mabizinezi lalikulu lonseli, malonda yachilendo, zakubanki zoyendera anakhalabe pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma. Iwo anayamba bwino kuti NEP - izo zangokhala zosakhalitsa muyeso Bolsheviks, osati khola ndi mfundo yaitali.