Anti-ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu": mbiri ya chilengedwe, kulongosola mikhalidwe

Aliyense boma, achita anapereka kwa chitetezo mpweya kuwukira odana ndege machitidwe chida (SAMs). Pa 18 July 1958, malinga ndi Maonekedwe a CPSU Committee Central, anayamba kapangidwe ntchito Sam "kyubu" mu Institute ndi Research ya zipangizo. Air chitetezo chida dongosolo lakonzedwa kuteteza asilikali nthaka ndi magulu oti muli nazo zida kwa adani mpweya mwa kuwononga mipherezero adani sing'anga ndi otsika okwera.

Sam USSR ndi chiyani?

"Kyubu" - odana ndege dongosolo mzinga, zikuchokera imene inali nkhondowo njira:

• Antiaircraft motsogozedwa chida 3M9.
• Self-injini zochita kufufuza ndi chiongoko (1S91).
• Self-injini Launcher 2P25 unsembe.

Amene amathandiza chilengedwe cha Sam mu USSR?

zida zonse nkhondowo kuti aphatikizidwa odana ndi ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu", cholinga payekha. Malo aliyense anapatsidwa mlengi akulu woyang'anira udindo chotsatira. 1S91 kudziletsa injini mfuti analengedwa motsogozedwa AA Rastova. Theka-yogwira Rada mutu 2P25, kuchita mivi homing, anayamba kupanga mpaka 1960 mlengi mkulu Yu Vekhov. m'malo mwake ntchito imeneyi anali IG Akopyan mu 1960. Amachititsa lonse odana ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu" ndipo anakhala mlengi mkulu wa OKB 15 V. V. Tihomirov.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito Launcher

Launcher Self-injini anaikidwa pa galimotoyo ya GM-578 pa ngolo wapadera, zomwe zili malangizo miyala. 2P25 zili actuators magetsi, zida navigation. Komanso, mfuti kudziletsa injini anali okonzeka ndi zipangizo kompyuta, yoyenda yokha gasi chopangira mphamvu ya magetsi mbewu ndi zipangizo pamalo topographic, ndiyotengera mudziwe kulankhulana ndi ulamuliro wa prestart unsembe. zokhazikapo awiri ntchito ngalawayo itafika kumzinda ndi Launcher pa roketi. Iwo anayikidwa mu chombo a. Kayendesedwe chitsogozo chake prelaunch anachita pogwiritsa ntchito ngolo pagalimoto amene ankachita ndi 1S91 deta. Radiotelekodovaya kugwirizana 2P25 kupereka zofunika. Nkhondowo unsembe mawerengedwe anali atatu. 2P25 kulemera anafika matani 19,5.

chipangizo chida

Anti-ndege chida zovuta "kyubu" 3M9 okonzeka ndi zida anamanga malinga ndi chiwembu "makina mapiko". Kuchokera mnzake ake 3M8 amakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa kali zina kulamulira. Chifukwa kukula pogwiritsa ntchito makina phiko okonza kuti yafupika. Komanso, servos sitikusowa mphamvu yapamwamba. Kuyendetsa hayidiroliki wakhala m'malo ndi mpweya mbandakucha.

Chandamale kupeza ndi kuyamba thandizo ake Doppler pafupipafupi anachita semiactive Rada homing mutu 1SB4, inali kutsogolo kwa chida ndi chikukhudza ndi ophatikizana zosagwiritsa dongosolo. Kulemera IYE kugawikana warhead anali makilogalamu 57. Avtodiodny wapawiri fuze atalamula kuti kukhazikitsa detonation ake. Roketi kukula anali 5,8 m, awiri - 33 masentimita The chida anasonkhana amadutsa mu muli wapadera, zomwe anazilenga lopinda stabilizers mtima..

Kodi pambuyo kuyaka roketi chipinda?

Mlandu wa jenereta mpweya pambuyo kuyaka ake wolowera inlets mpweya m'chipinda afterburning imene kuyaka yomaliza ya mafuta chitachitidwa. Olimba mafuta mlandu unali 172 yolemera bomba awiri a masentimita 29 kutalika mamita 1.7. Pakuti kupanga ake ballistic mafuta ntchito. Air intakes anali masamu zinthu supersonic ntchito. Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chombo onse mpweya potulukira mwamphamvu anatseka ndi fiberglass mapulagi. Chiyambi cha roketi Launch anapangidwa pa Launch malo pamaso kuphatikizapo boosters.

Start inatenga masekondi 5. The gawo lamkati la roketi nozzle, amene agwira fiberglass grating, masekondi 5-6 pambuyo kuwomba kumbuyo, ndipo gawo popititsa patsogolo ntchito midcourse.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito 1S91

Self-injini kufufuza ndi malangizo tichipeza:

• Rada Rada siteshoni amene kudziwika ndi kutsatira imagwiridwa chandamale mlengalenga.
• Chiwalitsiro 1S31. Mothandizidwa ndi chida zimenezi chandamale kuzindikira, navigation, topographic malo, radiotelekodovaya mogwirizana ndi dongosolo lonse "kyubu". Anti-ndege dongosolo chida (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) inatha ndi awiri onsewo Rada mlongoti: 1S11 ndi 1S31.

Iwo anachita review wozungulira 15 rpm. The tinyanga anali spaced chonyamulira mafurikwense. Ziwiri njira wailesi zida ndi radiators, lomwe dongosolo ndi mfundo imodzi ndege mogwirizana. Azindikire, kuzindikira ndi limodzi chandamale mlengalenga zikhoza kukhala pa mtunda wa 300 70 000 ndi kutalika mamita 30 mpaka 7000.

1S91 kudziletsa injini mfuti inali pa galimotoyo ya GM-568. Kulemera ndalama anali matani 20,3. Adalira Management unali ndi anthu anayi.

mayeso Sam

Mu 1959, odana ndi ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu" wadutsa mayeso chake choyamba. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi zofooka awa akhala kuzindikiridwa:

• Air intakes analephera kamangidwe.
• afterburning chipinda anali ndi osauka matenthedwe ❖ kuyanika chotchinga. kulakwa Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti titaniyamu ntchito kupanga makamera. Pambuyo kudziyesa zitsulo ili m'malo ndi zitsulo.

Mu 1961, mlengi akulu chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha "Cuba", m'malo. Komabe, izi sikungawononge mathamangitsidwe ntchito bwino dongosolo odana ndi chida. Kuyambira mu 1961 mpaka 1963 83 mivi anali anapezerapo. Awa, atatu okha bwino za kukhazikitsidwa. Mu 1964 roketi poyamba munali warhead linatulutsidwa. Iye kunagwa IL 28, zouluka pa okwera sing'anga. imalankhula Komanso anali bwino. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mu 1967, komiti ya chipani cha ku Central anaganiza kutengera odana ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu" mu mikono ya Army. Iwo anayambitsa ntchito kulenga chitsanzo katundu.

Tumizani Baibulo la 2K12 "kyubu"

Air chitetezo chida dongosolo, amene makhalidwe amasiyana m'munsi analogue ake, anali atasonkhana mu 1971. Kusiyana anakhudzidwa kachitidwe kuti achite kudziwika mipherezero mpweya.

Anti-ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu" ( "Square" - dzina la zomera anafuna katundu) wakhala akwaniritsa ndi kusintha mlingo wa chitetezo kusokonezedwa kukhala kotheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa cholinga cha boma chowonjezera. The katundu chitsanzo zinali zoyenera ntchito kotentha.

Anti-ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu-M1"

Ntchito pa moyo wamakono mu 1973, onyamula Soviet Army anaonekera bwino Baibulo - ". Kyubu-M1" Sam Anapanga kapangidwe patsogolo anawonjezera malire a malo chandamale, bwino kutetezeredwa homing mutu wa zosiyanasiyanazo kuwasokoneza, nthawi kuyambira si upambana masekondi 5. The mlongoti wa Rada anapatsidwa chitetezo chifukwa cha mabomba odana Rada.

Kodi ntchito Sam?

Kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1982, woyamba odana ndege chida dongosolo "kyubu" Anthu ambiri zimagulitsidwa ku m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kumene kunali yogwira nkhondoyi. Osati popanda thandizo la dongosolo mpweya chitetezo mu Arab Israel nkhondo anawonongedwa mpweya mphamvu ya Israel. Mu 1999, pofuna kupewa bomba la asilikali NATO mwakhama ntchito Yugoslavia zovuta. The sangathe Sam ankaona ungwiro wa njira zake TV si ndinazolowera ntchito usiku. Pa nthawi iyi ya tsiku makamaka anakanthanso ndi NATO.

Mu nkhani iyi, ntchito ya "Cuba" anali osamveka. Kuganizira usiku mpweya kunyanyala, gulu lankhondo la Yugoslavia anataya SAMs atatu.

Today Sam "kyubu" akuphatikizapo Slovakia. Sam zizindikiro Launcher kudziletsa injini ndi mabomba atatu. kusinthidwa Izi ankaona patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo limatchedwa "kyubu-m2" mu mndandanda wonse zovuta.