Aphorism - ndi chiyani ichi? Tanthauzo lexical la mawu akuti "aphorism"

Aphorism - dictum ichi, chimene chinachitika kalekale. Science, umene ukugwira phunziro ake, nazyvetsya aphorism. Izo zikhoza funso lofunika kwambiri: "Pamene iye anaonekera mabukuwa? Mfundo imeneyi amadziwika kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo anaonekera posachedwapa? "Pofuna kupereka yankho konkire funso limeneli, tiyenera kufufuza mbiri. Komabe munthu ayenera kusamala ndi mbali ziwiri: aphorism monga mtundu wanyimbo komanso mawu.

The zikamera wa aphorism monga mawu

Mfundo imeneyi ndi odziwika bwino kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale 5 TH m'ma BC. e. Hippocrates, akale Greek katswiri lake lonena za mankhwala aphorisms. Iwo chidzasonyeza diagnoses ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena, komanso momwe mungapewere ndipo anawachiritsa. Masiku ano, aphorisms izi kudziwika :. "Moyo - ndi kochepa, ndipo uli ndi yaitali", "Musati muchite zoipa - sadzakhala ndi mantha," etc. mabuku Zotolera zakale atha kudziwa za ntchito mfundo imeneyi. Asayansi German P. Rekvadt, F. Schalck anasonyeza kuti Mawu sanali mtengo kuchipatala zokha, koma ntchito ngati mawu anzeru, gnome, limakhulupirira, komanso wothinikizidwa ndi zambiri kalembedwe.

Mawu oyamba ndi maganizo m'masayansi zosiyanasiyana

M'nthawi ya 8, Dante ananena kuti "aphorism" - liwu zachipatala. Patapita nthawi, anayamba kufalitsa kwa mafakitale ena. Iye anayamba kuonekera mu sayansi, ndale, maphunziro ndi lamulo. Tacitus woikidwa kusintha aphorism ya mankhwala mu gawo andale. Iye ndiye anayerekezera la munthu boma, yomwe inkafuna mankhwala mankhwala chikumbumtima ndi mankhwala. Antonio Perez ankakhulupirira kuti aphorism - ndi mawu ndale za makhalidwe abwino. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ali zolembalemba ndi luso mawonekedwe.

Mawu oyamba a mabuku Russian

Only m'zaka 18 mu Russia panali chinthu choterocho. Mawu "aphorism" anali kutanthauziridwa mu mawu a mankhwala ndi mabuku. Chiyambi cha m'ma 19 zinali zodzaza ndi maonekedwe a mabuku amene anadziwika monga aphorisms. Choncho, K. Kumenyedwa anatulutsa zosonkhanitsira, amene amatchedwa "Aphorisms, kapena Anasankha maganizo a olemba zosiyanasiyana ...". Kenako, buku anayamba kuoneka ndi mawu amenewa, ndipo kenako akuti unakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Panali ambiri zopereka munali mawu a olemba osiyana. Pambuyo chidwi anamwalira pansi pang'ono, ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 panali mabuku ndi zina amatchedwa "aphorisms." akuti lero imatengedwa yekha makhalidwe mabuku.

Mbiri ya aphorism monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi

mbiri ya aphorism monga mtundu wanyimbo imatengedwa kuti zambiri maganizo ndi zovuta, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa m'mbuyomu. Pa funso la chimene mawu aphorism monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi kuyankha mosapita m'mbali sangatumikire. Mu Germany, amakhulupirira kuti anauka okha mabuku amakono, ndipo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi polemba chinenero chimenechi. Komabe akatswiri ena amati aphorism - mawu amenewa. Choncho n'kofunika kuganizira mbiri wake pamaso pa mawu a. mabuku amakono amanena kuti kunena ndi aphorism - ndi chimodzi ndi chomwecho. Lero, mfundo izi mwamphamvu kugwirizana ndi mayina a anzeru akale. Zosowa zakale ndi zamakono mawu otchedwa aphorisms. Iwo sali kanthu Kena wina ndi mzake ndi wosiyana ndi kukhala ndi kuwonetsa chikhalidwe chomwecho mwa mawu a mtundu wanyimbo: lalifupi, zithunzi, nzeru, wolemba ndi zamalankhulidwe chokwanira. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti iwo a mtundu wanyimbo chomwecho. M'mawu ena, aphorisms - mawu amakono ndi mawu - ndi m'mbuyomo. Iwo, kumene, ndi makhalidwe awo, koma kukamba za synonymy awo akadali sizingathandize, ngati iwo ali kusiyana.

Mbiri ya aphorism, mawu

Zimenezi inayamba kale panali mawu akuti "aphorism" palokha. Pali umboni kuti ngakhale wachitatu Zakachikwi BC. e. mu Iguputo panali mawu. Iwo akupezeka yambiri ya East. otchuka ndithu iwo anali mu Greece. Kuti mawu anapulumuka wa Plato, Socrates, Pythagoras, Epicurus, ndi anzeru ena. Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, adayala ku Ulaya. Mu ntchito ya Erasmus «Adagia» wanyamula nambala yaikulu mawu mapiko ndi miyambi. Mu England aphorisms analenga Wilde, Shaw, kumwetulira ndi ena. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 anayamba kuphunzira ongolankhula chofunikira ndi tanthauzo lexical la mawu akuti "aphorism". Tikumbukenso ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri za nkhani ndipo kumayambiriro nzeru. N'chifukwa chake aphorisms kufalitsa mu mabuku kutsutsa, ndale ndi mbiri. Kusintha kalembedwe, aphorisms aliyense zoseketsa, paradoxical ndi satirical mtima, ndipo zimenezi silinkachitidwa mawu akale.

Aphorisms. Ndi chiyani icho? Zitsanzo za ntchito

Encyclopedia imafotokoza aphorism monga mtundu wa mawu kuti amalola ntchito zodabwitsa chipangizo kukopa ntchito mfundo. Iwo sangathe kudzudzula njira zomveka, ndipo ntchito chiŵerengero mawu mosayembekezereka. Author mawu ndi otsimikiza ndi mtima wonse za chikonzero ndi amagwiritsa zoseketsa ndi choyambirira zowalamulira mawu. Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva, tiyenera kuziganizira zitsanzo za aphorisms zachikhalidwe. Gorky anati: "The ufulu kupereka kutenga yoyenera." Mayakovsky: "Mawu - mkulu wa asilikali a anthu." Descartes: "Ndikuganiza - Ndikutanthauza ine kulibe." Marx: "Chipembedzo - ndi bongo wa anthu" ndi ena.

Makhalidwe waukulu aphorisms

Onsewo ali zosayembekezereka ndi choyambirira. Icho ndi chomwe iwo akugwira ntchito pa chikumbumtima chathu. Iwo kwenikweni kwambiri ndi zonse kumvetsa chododometsa akunena. Iwo mulibe umboni mwachindunji ndi zodziwikiratu. Chinthu chapadera cha iwo ankaona kuti nzeru. Ngati ndi bwino kuganizira, n'zotheka kupeza mfundo zofunikira ndi umboni. Iwo akhoza bwanji chikumbumtima chathu cha mawu wapachiyambi. A mtengo zamalankhulidwe amakhudza chikumbumtima chathu. Pali anthu mawu anapezazo zosayembekezereka ndithu ndipo sizigwirizana ndi maganizo a anthu ambiri. Komabe, zizindikiro ndi kupatulapo lamulo. Sangathe kunena kuti aphorisms ndi n'kosathandiza ndiponso zotsutsana. Iwo ndi ana a sayansi. Lero, iwo ali pafupi mwatsatanetsatane izo ake zomveka mosalekeza.

Features nkhani

Childs, aphorisms ndi Cholinga chake ndi mafunso "wosatha". Iwo aulimisa choonadi kuyambira kalekale aiwala, koma ndi zofunika zokwanira. Iwo amapeza latsopano, envelopu ndithu pachiyambi. Ndipo kwambiri moti amakopeka atakhazikitsa mu kukumbukira. Aphorisms mulibe anaukira mpingo, mosiyana ndi mawu. Ife nthawizonse kupidziwa olemba awo. Nzika mawu ali ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima, malangizo, ndi aphorisms kuchokera osiyanasiyana izi ndi onse kwambiri. Pali zambiri aphorisms, mawu. Mmodzi wa iwo anafotokoza Viktor Gyugo: "Nkhondo pillory lapansi." Ena a iwo ironical. D. Jeremic anati: "amachitira ena amene ndikufuna mokakamiza wosangalala ena." Nkofunika kudziwa kuti ali ndi kuchangamuka chikondi ndi kutengeka. Iwo ali ndi udindo wa "kalembedwe mkulu". Today akadali kusiyanitsa mfundo "aphorism" ndi "chiweruzo", ngakhale kuti ali ndi zambiri zofanana. Iwo akhala ofanana ndi a mtundu wanyimbo chomwecho. Dziwani kuti maganizo olakwika pa aphorism lero kale okha anamva ...