Asidi Arsenic: mipweya chilinganizo. mankhwala owopsa kwambiri

Zotsatira za osiyana mankhwala pa thupi osokoneza. Ambiri a ife amadziwika mankhwala kapena ndale, ndipo kumathandiza kwambiri m'moyo anthu. Koma pali gulu la zinthu, woimira loopsa kwambiri thanzi. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu angapo. M'nkhani ino asidi Arsenic Nkhani - mmodzi wa mankhwala awa poizoni. Malinga ndi gulu panopa anavomera, izo m'gulu la yachiwiri pangozi kwambiri, pamodzi ndi chloroform, otsogolera lifiyamu mankhwala. Timaphunzira katundu asidi mwatsatanetsatane Arsenic kwambiri.

Maselo kapangidwe ndi boma thupi la nkhani

pawiri Izi m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa ali ndi dongosolo crystalline. Kukhala tribasic ndi, asidi Arsenic, mmene chilinganizo H ₃ AsO ₄ ali ndi zasekondale ndi mchere acid. Mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu gidroarsenat - K ₂ HAsO _4, sodium digidroarsenat - Nah ₂ AsO _4, lifiyamu arsenate - Li ₃ AsO _4. Calcining Arsenic asidi, Arsenic analandira gemipentoksid otchedwa Arsenic pentoxide. mandala timibulu wake woyera amapanga misa vitreous, ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi.

dissociation

H3AsO _4, pamodzi ndi asidi formic ndi hydroxide kutsogolera ndi amtengo ofooka electrolyte. Choncho, tebulo lalikulu ionization zidulo ortomyshyakovaya asidi ali dissociation zokhazikika atatu: 5.6 x 10 ^-3, 1.5 x 10 ^-7 ndi 3, 89 x 10 ^-12. zolozerazi zimaonetsa quantitatively mphamvu acid. Malinga ndi zokhazikika dissociation angapo zidulo zochita kupanga H ₃ AsO ₄ ali ndi malo pakati pa chromium ndi zidulo antimony. Russian akatswiri experimenters AL ndi I. L. Agafonovy anakonza akuti masamu, mmene ubale anachokera yoyamba ndi yachiwiri dissociation zonse asidi Arsenic kuchokera kutentha kuyambira 0 ° C kwa 50 ° C.

katundu makamaka mankhwala

Mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa maatomu Arsenic amapanga molekyulu asidi, ndi 5. Zimatanthauza chakuti pawiri lokha zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi zinthu zina kuonetsa katundu oxidizing. Choncho, pa mogwirizana ake ndi iodide potaziyamu wokhala wothandizila kuchepetsa, mu sing'anga acidic ife tikupeza asidi arsenious ndi H ₃ AsO ₃ pakati mankhwala anachita. Kumbukirani kuti asidi Arsenic, mmene chilinganizo H ₃ AsO ₄ tribasic, choncho, zochita ndi zapansi soda kapena insoluble, amatha mitundu itatu salt: sing'anga, hydro- ndi digidroarsenaty. Mkhalidwe anachita AsO ₄ ^3- ayoni mu kapangidwe mawunikidwe a mogwirizana palokha ndi Arsenic asidi kapena salt zake ndi siliva salt sungunuka, monga nitrate. Chifukwa cha kuona mpweya AG ₃ AsO ₄ khofi mtundu.

Iodometric njira mtima wa asidi Arsenic

Mu umagwirira mawunikidwe, yofunika kwambiri ndi kudziwa mankhwala mu njira zothanirana. Arsenic asidi, mankhwala katundu amene takambirana kale, angathe kuonedwa micromethod iodometry. 1 ml ya njira zake udzathiridwa buku womwewo wa 4N. acid amathiridwa ndi 1 ml ya yankho 4% ya iodide potaziyamu. Anapanga Arsenic sesquioxide Monga ₂ O _{3, misa} yomwe pansi ndalama okhwima kachulukidwe wa reagents yofanana ndi wofanana 0,5746 mg.

The oxidizing luso la asidi Arsenic

Monga amadziwika, H ₃ AsO _{4 monga} orthophosphoric asidi, ndi electrolyte sing'anga mphamvu. woyera wowonekera timibulu ake ali deliquescent ndipo anakonza 2H ₃ AsO ₄ × H ₂ O. salt zake anapanga ndi zitsulo soda (monga ambiri, ndi chidulo), mu njira amadzimadzi ndi pH kuposa 7. Arsenates lifiyamu, potaziyamu, sodium ndi ammonium mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, ndi otsala a mchere Middle si kupasuka mu izo. Arsenic asidi - ndi oxidizer wabwino. Mu zochita redox, izo wabwezeretsedwa ku chidulo arsenous kapena arsine.

H ₃ AsO ₄ ⁺ 2e + 2H + = H ₃ AsO ₃ + H ₂ O

H ₃ AsO ₄ ⁺ 8e + 8H + = phulusa ₃ + 4H ₂ O

Komanso, asidi Arsenic mosavuta oxidizes zinthu zosiyanasiyana, sulfite acid iodide, ndi sulfide wa hydrogen.

Kukonzekera asidi Arsenic

M'mikhalidwe choyezera, H ₃ AsO ₄ akhoza analandira mwa kuchita Arsenic sesquioxide acid nitric pansi magetsi. mankhwala wapezeka nitrous oxide ndi H ₃ AsO _4. njira ina kukonzekera - ndi kuvunda m'madzi okusayidi Arsenic. Kambirimbiri kupeza kuti munthawi yomweyo makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi hydrolysis trialkilarsenitov usavutike 50 ° C ndi njira ya hydrogen peroxide. Imodzi, osakaniza anachita atachotsedwa madzi ndi mowa. Njira yothetsera anali ndiye chamunthuyo ndipo analandira mkulu chiyero asidi Arsenic. Mu chikhalidwe, zopangira kwa asidi Arsenic ndi mchere arsenolite ndi arsenopyrite, amene ali olemera mu miyala ya Chelyabinsk ndipo Chita Region la Chitaganya cha Russia.

ntchito H3AsO4

Popeza kuti asidi ortomyshyakovaya ndi imodzi mwa ziphe wamphamvu. tanthauzo lake makampani ndi moyo tsiku ndi zochepa. Wamba mchere - arsenates, amene kawopsedwe ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi zimene ambiri H ₃ AsO _4. Choncho, makampani nkhuni processing ndi nthaka sulphate ndi pentachlorophenol ndi sodium mchere, asidi Arsenic ntchito zochizira nkhuni. Njira minimizes imfa ku chiwonongeko cha mapadi mafangasi matenda ndi mphutsi za kafadala, matabwa borers. Mankhwala H ₃ AsO ₄ ntchito "Atoxil" kukonzekera zochizira matenda protozoal, monga giardiasis, balantidiasis, isosporiasis.

Tikumbukenso kuti anthu kachilombo matendawa zisakuyenda chawonjezeka kwambiri. Pali zifukwa zingapo - mwachitsanzo, matenda ndi chakudya munali spores mogwirizana, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kapena kugonana. asidi Arsenic ntchito monga kuyambira nkhani njira yopanga magalasi kuwala, komanso okonza magetsi. Otumphukira H ₃ AsO ₄ - sodium wochuluka mchere ake, ali bwinobwino ntchito pakhungu ndi TB. Mankhwala ntchito mano Arsenic (Arsenic phala) ngati mankhwala ntchito kutsitsa ululu tilinazo mitsempha chofuna pa yogwilitsidwa ngalande dzino.

The kanthu asidi pa thupi

Monga tanena kale, H ₃ AsO ₄ m'gulu la ngozi m'kalasi yachiwiri kuchuluka - zinthu zoopsa kwambiri. Akuti woopsa mlingo wa asidi ndi mchere ake mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 15 150 mg pa kilogalamu wa thupi. Pamodzi ndi zotsatira wamba poizoni, asidi Arsenic amachititsa necrosis mwa khungu nembanemba mucous a ziwalo: mapapo, m'mimba, matumbo.

Zasayansi, mu choti arsenate ndi H ₃ AsO ₄ chofunika ntchito magolovesi choteteza okha zatsopano ankachiritsa pa fume nyumba. Pankhani ya mlingo wa kawopsedwe selo linaphwanya dongosolo lawo enzyme, monga inactivation wa michere. Anthu, poizoni arsenate kumabweretsa paresis kapena ngakhale ziwalo. Mu Oncology mankhwala amphamvu omwe si kugwilizana ndi dosing regimens mankhwala ndi milandu poyizoni miarsenolom novarsenolom olembedwa. thandizo kwa salt poyizoni wa asidi Arsenic Nthawi yomweyo chapamimba lavage (mwachitsanzo, sodium unitiola kapena pakachitsulo woipa kukonzekera).

Pofuna kupewa pachimake aimpso kulephera, hemodialysis Kwalamulidwa. Monga mankhwala pambali unitiola njira 5%, n'zotheka ntchito safener Strizhevskaya. Isanafike thandizo mwadzidzidzi kunyumba kuchepetsa mlingo wa kuledzera angagwiritsidwe ntchito citric acid njira, ndiye kupangira kusanza ndi m'mimba wosambitsa. miyezo achire ayenera idzachitika mogwirizana ndi bedi zina okhwima moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.