Asidi nitrous. Mankhwala ndi thupi katundu

asidi nitrous - chofooka monobasic asidi, amene angathe unalipo mu njira kuchepetsa amadzimadzi ndi buluu mawonekedwe mpweya. Zimenezi zimatchedwa nitrite mchere kapena nitrite. Iwo poizoni ndi khola kuposa asidi yokha. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi zinthu izi motere: HNO2.

katundu thupi:
1. Molar misa ndi 47 g / mol.
2. The wachibale maselo kulemera ndi 27 amu
3. kachulukidwe ndi 1.6.
4. Mfundo limatsogolera ndi madigiri 42.
5. kuwira mfundo ndi madigiri 158.

Chemical katundu asidi nitrous

1. Ngati nitrous asidi njira ndi usavutike, kudzakhala zotsatirazi mankhwala anachita:
3HNO2 (asidi nitrous) = HNO3 (asidi nitric) + 2NO (okusayidi nitric adzamasulidwa monga mpweya) + H2O (madzi)

2. The amadzimadzi njira dissociates ndi mosavuta anathaŵa kuphatikizapo zidulo mphamvu:
H2SO4 (asidi sulfuric) + 2NaNO2 (sodium wochuluka nitrite) = Na2SO4 (ndi sodium sulphate) + 2HNO2 (nitrous acid)

3. The nkhani tikhoza kukhala ndi oxidizing ndi katundu kuchepetsa. Pamene wadwala wothandizila amphamvu oxidizing (mwachitsanzo, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, potaziyamu permanganate) ndi oxidized kuti asidi nitric (zina mapangidwe salt asidi nitric):

Kuchepetsa katundu:

HNO2 (asidi nitrous) + H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) = HNO3 (asidi nitric) + H2O (madzi)
HNO2 + Cl2 (chlorine) + H2O (madzi) = HNO3 (asidi nitric) + 2HCl (hydrochloric acid)
5HNO2 (asidi nitrous) + 2HMnO4 = 2Mn (NO3) 2 (manganese nitrate, nitric asidi mchere) + HNO3 (nitric acid) + 3H2O (madzi)

katundu Oxidizing:

2HNO2 (asidi nitrous) + 2HI = 2NO (mpweya okusayidi, mu mpweya) + I2 (ayodini) + 2H2O (madzi)

Kukonzekera nitrite

mankhwala amenewa mukhonza kuwapeza mu njira zingapo:

1. Pamene kusungunuka okusayidi nitric (III) mu madzi:

N2O3 (nitric okusayidi) + H2O (madzi) = 2HNO3 (asidi nitrous)

2. Pamene kusungunuka okusayidi nitric (IV) mu madzi:
2NO3 (nitrogen oxide) + H2O (madzi) = HNO3 (asidi nitric) + HNO2 (asidi nitrous)

Gwiritsani asidi nitrous:
- diazotizing onunkhira amines chachikulu;
- Kupanga salt diazonium;
- mu kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala organic (mwachitsanzo, kwa kupanga utoto organic).

Ndinakumana ndi asidi nitrous pa thupi

Thunthu ndi poizoni, ali ndi yowala mutagenic Tinganene kwenikweni ndiko deaminated wothandizira.

ndi nitrites Kodi

Nitrite - ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana asidi nitrous. Ndi chikoka cha kutentha, ali khola zosakwana ku feteleza lapansi. Ankafuna kupanga ena utoto. Ntchito mankhwala.

Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti anthu anapeza ndi sodium nitrite. mankhwala ali chilinganizo NaNO2. Iwo ntchito monga usawonongeke makampani chakudya kupanga malonda a nsomba ndi nyama. Ndi ufa woyera choyera kapena pang'ono chikasu. Sodium nitrite hygroscopic (kupatula nitrite woyeretsedwa ndi sodium) ndi bwino kusungunuka H2O (madzi). Mu mlengalenga amatha pang'onopang'ono oxidize nitrate sodium, ali ndi amphamvu kuchepetsa katundu.

Sodium nitrite ntchito:
- mankhwala kaphatikizidwe: kupeza mankhwala diazo amine kwa nthawi yaitali pamalo angawa owonjezera ndi sodium azide kutulutsa mpweya, okusayidi asafe, sodium ndi sodium, chifukwa mayamwidwe mpweya woipa;
- mu kupanga mankhwala chakudya (chakudya zowonjezera E250) ngati antioxidant ndi wothandizila antibacterial;
- Yomanga: monga zoletsa kuwuma zowonjezera ku nyumba konkire mu kupanga mankhwala yomanga ndipo kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala organic monga mumlengalenga dzimbiri woletsa, mu kupanga rubbers, poppers njira zina kwa mabomba; pamene zitsulo mankhwala kuchotsa malata wosanjikiza ndi phosphating;
- zithunzi: ngati antioxidant ndi reagent;
- mu zamoyo ndi mankhwala: a vasodilator, antispasmodic, mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba, bronchodilator; monga mankhwala kwa chiphe nyama kapena cyanides anthu.

Panopa ntchito ndi michere ina asidi nitrous (mwachitsanzo, nitrite potaziyamu).