Kuuma zitsulo. zitsulo tebulo kuuma

Ziwalo ndi njira anali zipangizo cholimba ndi odalirika kumene iwo anapanga, ayenera kutsatira zinthu zofunika ntchito. N'chifukwa chake m'pofunika kulamulira mfundo kololeka katundu zazikulu makina. Ndi katundu mawotchi ndi kuuma, mphamvu, kulimba, ductility. kuuma zitsulo - choyambirira structural mapangidwe.

maganizo

Kuuma zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo, - chuma chuma kulenga kukana pa malowedwe mu zigawo zake pamwamba pa thupi amene si olumala kapena adzawonongedwa pa concomitant katundu (indentation). Kudziwa cholinga cha:

• zambiri pa zotuluka pa mbali structural ndi mphamvu opaleshoni;
• kusanthula nthawi kanthu;
• ulamuliro zotsatira kutentha mankhwala.

Kuyambira chithunzi ichi mwina amadalira mphamvu padziko ndipo kukana kukalamba. Tione zinthu yaiwisi ndi okonzeka zopangidwa mbali.

phunziro options

Chizindikiro ndi kuchuluka wotchedwa chiwerengero cha kuuma. Pali zosiyanasiyana njira ya kuyeza kuuma zitsulo. Phunziro zolondola kwambiri monga kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anapezazo ndi zokhudzana indenters kuuma:

1. Brinell: akamanena za zida - indentation mpira mu kusanthula chitsulo kapena indentation aloyi awiri mawerengedwe ndi mawerengedwe wotsatira wa masamu makina chizindikiro.
2. Rockwell: ntchito mpira kapena diamondi tapered kwenikweni. mtengo chimaonetsedwa pa oyimba kapena anatsimikiza Kwawokhawokha.
3. Vickers: muyeso molondola kwambiri za kuuma zitsulo ndi pyramidal diamondi kwenikweni.

Pali kachitidwe wapadera ndi matebulo kudziwa correspondences pakati pa ntchito parametric njira zosiyanasiyana Muyezo zinthu zomwezo.

Zinthu kudziŵa muyeso zosinthika

M'mikhalidwe choyezera, ndi uthunthu kofunika zipangizo, kusankha kuphunzira ikuchitika kudalira maonekedwe enieni workpiece lapansi.

1. Kufunika zimasonyeza wa chizindikiro makina. Pakuti steels structural ndi zipangizo ndi otsika kuuma kwa 450-650 HB Brinell njira ntchito; kwa chida, steels aloyi ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ena - Rockwell; chifukwa tverdosplavov - Vickers.
2. Miyeso ya chitsanzo mayeso. mbali makamaka wamng'ono ndi woonda ziyesedwa mwa Vickers kuuma Tester.
3. The makulidwe a chitsulo mu mfundo choyezera, makamaka manowa kapena nitrided wosanjikiza.

Zonse zofunika ndi kugwilizana ndi zalembedwa GOST.

NKHANI Brinell njira

Kuuma chiyesedwe cha zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ntchito Brinell kuuma Tester imachitika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. The indenter - mpira wa aloyi zitsulo kapena wa tungsten aloyi carbide ndi awiri 1, 2, 2.5, 5 kapena 10 mm (GOST 3722-81).
2. Nthawi malo amodzi indentation: kwa chitsulo ndi zitsulo - 10-15 m kwa kasakaniza wazitsulo sanali akakhala - 30, n'zothekanso ndi nthawi ya 60, ndi zina - 120 ndi 180 ...
3. Mtengo malire a magawo makina: 450 HB pamene kuyeza zitsulo mpira; HB 650 pogwiritsa ntchito tverdosplava.
4. N'zotheka katundu. Mothandizidwa ndi katundu yopezeka kusintha leni mphamvu mapindikidwe pa chitsanzo mayeso. Awo osachepera mfundo zotheka: 153,2, 187,5 250 N; pazipita - 9807, 14710, 29420 H (GOST 23677-79).

Ntchito mitunduyi, malingana ndi awiri owerengeka mpira ndi chuma mayeso, munthu kuwerengera lolingana chovomerezeka mphamvu indentation.

aloyi mtundu	Masamu masovedwe katundu
Zitsulo, faifi tambala ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo titaniyamu	30D 2
chitsulo kuponyedwa	2 10D, 30D 2
Zamkuwa ndi mkuwa kasakaniza wazitsulo	2 5d, 10D 2, 30D 2
zitsulo kuwala ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo	2,5D 2, 2 5d, 10D 2, 15D 2
Kukuthandiza, tini	1d 2

CHITSANZO mayina:

400HB10 / 1500/20, kumene 400HB - Brinell kuuma zitsulo; 10 - mpira awiri, 10 mm; 1500 - malo amodzi katundu, 1500 kgs; 20 - nthawi ya indentation 20.

Kukhazikitsa manambala enieni efficiently kufufuza chitsanzo chomwecho mu malo angapo, ndipo zotsatira chonse anatsimikiza ndi kupeza phindu avareji analandira.

Khama njira Brinell kuuma

The ndondomeko zikukhudza zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Chongani mwatsatanetsatane pa kugwilizana ndi zofunika (GOST 9012-59, GOST 2789).
2. Chongani wa Kutukula chipangizo.
3. Kusankha mpira anakhumba, chizindikiritso cha khama zotheka, unsembe wa katundu uyambike nthawi yake indentation lapansi.
4. Kuyambira kuuma ndi mapindikidwe wa chitsanzo wa.
5. Muyeso recess awiri.
6. Wazotsatira mawerengedwe.

HB = F / A,

kumene F - katundu, kgs kapena H; A - kusindikiza dera mamilimita ^2.

HB = (0,102 * F) / (π * D * h),

kumene D - awiri a mpira, mamilimita; H - indentation kuya, mm.

Kuuma zitsulo anayeza mwanjira imeneyi ali paubwenzi ndi wazotsatira ndi mawerengedwe a mphamvu magawo. molondola njira, makamaka kasakaniza wazitsulo zofewa. Ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri kudziwa mfundo za machitidwe a katundu mawotchi.

NKHANI njira Rockwell

Njira imeneyi muyeso kupangidwa mu 20 ntchentche za m'ma XX, yodzichitira kuposa amene m'mbuyomu. Izo ntchito zipangizo kovuta. makhalidwe Aika (GOST 9013-59, GOST 23677-79):

1. Pamaso pa katundu chachikulu 10 kg.
2. Ndinakumana Nyengo: 10-60.
3. Malire mfundo zizindikiro zotheka: HRA: 20-88; HRB: 20-100; HRC: 20-70.
4. chiwerengero ndi visualized pa oyimba kuuma, akhoza kuchita masamu arithmetically.
5. Scale ndi indenter. Mumadziwika 11 mamba osiyanasiyana malingana ndi mtundu wa indenter ndi pazipita chovomerezeka katundu malo amodzi. The ntchito ambiri: A, B ndi C.

A: diamondi tapered nsonga pamwamba ngodya 120˚, kololeka mphamvu okwana malo amodzi makhalidwe - 60 kgf, HRA; anaphunzira mankhwala abwino, makamaka kupanga renti.

C: ngati mwala phirilo anaikira mphamvu pazipita 150 kgf, HRC, ntchito zipangizo olimba ndi idawumitsidwa.

B: mpira kukula kwa 1,588 mm, zopangidwa anaumitsa zitsulo kapena zovuta aloyi carbide-tungsten, katundu - 100 kgf, HRB, ntchito kuti aone kuuma kwa mankhwala annealed.

Blob-nsonga (1.588 mm) ndi oyenera lonse Rockwell B, F, G. E lonse komanso kulibe, H, K, imene ntchito mpira awiri a 3,175 mm (GOST 9013-59).

chiwerengero cha zitsanzo anachita pogwiritsa ntchito Rockwell kuuma Tester mu dera limodzi okha ndi kukula kwa zinthu. Reusable kafukufuku m'chigawo 3-4 m'mimba mwake wa mapindikidwe danga m'mbuyomu. The makulidwe a mankhwala mayeso ndi malamulo. Siiyenela kukhala nthawi zosakwana 10 kuchuluka malowedwe akuya nsonga ya.

CHITSANZO mayina:

50HRC - zitsulo Rockwell kuuma, anayeza ntchito daimondi kunsonga, nambala yake ndi wofanana 50.

Plan kafukufuku Rockwell lonse

zitsulo kuuma muyeso ndi chosavuta kuposa ndondomeko Brinell.

1. Lowunikira miyeso ndi makhalidwe a padziko workpiece.
2. Chongani wa Kutukula chipangizo.
3. Khama nsonga mtundu ndi mphamvu katundu.
4. Khazikitsa chitsanzo.
5. Kukhazikitsa khama chachikulu zinthu, kukula kwa 10 kgf.
6. Kukhazikitsa khama zonse zoletsedwa.
7. Kuwerenga ankalandira imbani nambala pa sikelo ya.

N'zothekanso masamu mawerengedwe kuti molondola kudziwa chizindikiro makina.

Mu chikhalidwe cha ntchito daimondi phirilo ndi katundu wa kgf 60 kapena 150:

HR = 100 - ((Hh) / 0,002;

pamene kupanga mayeso ndi mpira pansi pa mphamvu ya 100 kgf:

HR = 130 - ((Hh) / 0,002,

kumene H - kuya kwa malowedwe a indenter mu mphamvu yaikulu ya kgf 10; H - malowedwe mozama za indenter pansi pa katundu zonse; 0,002 - Chinthu malamulo kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka nsonga pamene chiwerengero cha kuuma ndi 1 unit.

Rockwell njira yosavuta, koma osati yeniyeni. Pa nthawi yomweyo limakupatsani kuyeza mawotchi katundu zitsulo zolimba ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo.

Tsatanetsatane wa njira Vickers

Khama la kuuma zitsulo ndi njira kwambiri mosavuta komanso molondola. Kuuma zachokera indentation mu chitsanzo diamondi pyramidal kwenikweni.

Main Features:

1. The indenter: diamondi piramidi ndi pamwamba ngodya 136 °.
2. Zolemba malire kololeka katundu: chifukwa chitsulo chosungunula alloyed ndi zitsulo - 5-100 kgf; kwa kasakaniza wazitsulo mkuwa - 2.5-50 makilogalamu; chifukwa zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake - 1-100 kgf.
3. Ndinakumana Nyengo malo amodzi katundu: 10 mpaka 15 masekondi.
4. zipangizo mayeso: zitsulo ndi sanali akakhala zitsulo ndi kuwumitsa 450-500 HB, kuphatikizapo mankhwala mankhwala thermochemical.

CHITSANZO mayina:

700HV20 / 15,

momwe 700HV - Vickers kuuma chiwerengero; 20 - katundu 20 makilogalamu; 15 - pa khama malo amodzi 15.

The ndondomeko ya kafukufuku Vickers

Ndondomeko kwambiri m'Chingelezi chosavuta.

1. Chongani nyemba ndi zida. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa zinthu za padziko.
2. Posankha khama kololeka.
3. Dongosolo la zinthu mayeso.
4. Kuyambira kuuma mu ntchito.
5. Kuwerenga chifukwa pa imbani.

Masamu mawerengedwe mwa njira izi ndi izi:

HV = 1,8544 * (F / D ^2),

kumene F - Katundu, kgf; D - phindu avareji utali wa diagonals wa indentation mu mm.

Timatha inu kuyeza mkulu kuuma zitsulo zoonda ndi yaing'ono mbali, pamene kupereka mkulu lolondola zinachitika.

Njira kusintha pa masikelo

Pambuyo kudziŵa awiri a kusindikiza mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo kudziwa kuuma. Table kuuma zitsulo - anatsimikizira wothandizira mwa mawerengedwe a chizindikiro makina. Choncho, ngati inu mukudziwa Brinell, n'zosavuta kudziwa yoyenera chiwerengero Vickers kapena Rockwell.

Zitsanzo za makhalidwe ena abwino:

The awiri a indentation ndi, mamilimita	njira ya kufufuza
	Brinell	Rockwell			Vickers
		A	C	B
3,90	241	62,8	24,0	99,8	242
4,09	218	60,8	20,3	96,7	218
4,20	206	59,6	17,9	94,6	206
4,99	143	49,8	-	77,6	143

Table kuuma zitsulo zachokera deta experimental ndipo ali mkulu molondola. Palinso ndi Zithunzi za Brinell kuuma kwa mpweya zili mu aloyi chitsulo mpweya. Choncho, malinga ndi dependencies zakuti zitsulo ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu zikuchokera wofanana 0.2% kumayambitsa 130 HB.

kuti kuyesa zofunika

Mogwirizana ndi malamulo a alendo, zidutswa mayeso ayenera kutsatira makhalidwe zotsatirazi:

1. Kukolola ayenera kukhala yosalala, olimba pa kuuma tebulo, m'mbali ake ayenera kukhala yosalala ndi mosamala kukonzedwa.
2. Pamwamba ayenera kukhala osachepera padziko roughness. Izo ziyenera sanded ndi kuyeretsa, kuphatikizapo mothandizidwa ndi nyimbo mankhwala. Imodzi, pa ndondomeko Machining, ndikofunika kuteteza mapangidwe ntchito oipa ndi kusintha kwa kukonzedwa bedi kutentha.
3. mbali ayenera zikugwirizana njira akanasankhidwa kudziŵa kuuma kwa katundu parametric.

Kuchita zofuna chachikulu - chofunika molondola.

kuuma zitsulo - yofunika lofunika mawotchi katundu imene imawadziŵikitsa ena mwa makhalidwe makina ndi luso, zotsatira za njira yapita Machining, mmene zinthu zosakhalitsa, nkotheka zinthu opaleshoni. Phunziro kusankha njira zimadalira makhalidwe chitsanzo zimasonyeza, magawo ake ndi mipweya.