Atlantic Nsombazi: maonekedwe, mitundu ndi malo

The Red Book - chikumbutso amoyo anthu mmene ankalankhula komanso wolowerera monga limakhudza zachilengedwe. Mtundu uliwonse, lolembedwa pa masamba ake - nthawi kuganizira za tsogolo la Dziko. Lero, mwachitsanzo, ndi pachimake kwambiri funso kaya kusunga wapadera mu dziko zamtundu waukulu wa Nsombazi - Sturgeon Atlantic. Ndipo kamodzi anali alendo kawirikawiri pa tebulo maphwando olemera ndi maphwando.

Kufotokozera za mitundu

Atlantic Sturgeon - chordates ku gulu la nsomba ray-finned. Adzaupereka kwa banja lalikulu la Nsombazi. The Latin dzina la mitundu Acipenser sturio.

Mkati mtundu wa Nsombazi zikutanthauza malo apadera. ubale Phylogenetic ndi mitundu ina ya Nsombazi si bwino. Pali kuthekera kokhala kholo limodzi ndi zamoyo amene ali pafupi 120 DNA (Nsombazi). Asayansi ndiribe anakhazikitsa enieni udindo taxonomic ena anthu wagwidwa kudzipatula linalake. Ambiri mwa kutsutsana azinga North America anthu a Atlantic Nsombazi, umene amafuna kuika mu udindo wapadera.

Mitundu ya Atlantic Nsombazi

Nsombazi mwina mosalekeza, theka-anadromous ndi madzi oyera mitundu. Pa gawo la Soviet Union moyo mitundu iwiri ya Atlantic Nsombazi: kulankhulana (anadromous), kuchita kusamuka mu mtsinje, ndi madzi oyera (zogona) mawonekedwe, amene amakhala ku Nyanja Ladoga.

Zimapezekanso

M'mbuyomu, chimphona Atlantic Nsombazi amakhala ndi North ndi Baltic Sea. Ndinakumana m'bali ya Ulaya Atlantic. Nthawi zina anagwidwa Nyanja Black. Species limabweretsa nsomba wapatali malonda.

Pa spawning Kusamuka kwa Atlantic Nsombazi mukhoza kupita mu madzi a dera Kaliningrad, ndi Gulf wa Finland ndipo ngakhale mu Neva. Koma nthawi zonse mu malo amenewa sakhala. Umboni nsomba limodzi mu White Nyanja, toyesa lalikulu anagwira pafupi m'kamwa mwa mtsinje. Umba. Kudutsa maganizo anagwidwa madzi a kumpoto Dvina.

Ladoga anthu zogona anaphunzira pang'ono. Amadziwika kuti Nsombazi zimaswana Atlantic ili pa mtsinje Volhov. spawning danga kale kuyikidwa mu mmunsi kuti pamakomo.

maonekedwe

Mbali yaikulu ya Atlantic Nsombazi - chachikulu kufanana. Poyambirira, kudutsa anthu, kutalika thupi mamita oposa 5. Kulemera choncho mlingo uliwonse mkulu wa makilogalamu 600. Nsombazi - anazindikira azaka zoposa, ndi mitundu Atlantic yotero. deta yeniyeni pa asayansi moyo amayembekezeka ndi zovuta kupeza, koma afika manja awo pa toyesa anali ku zaka 45 mpaka 100.

Kuyambira anzake mtundu Sturgeon yodziwika ndi pakalibe makutu anapanga nembanemba gill pansipa Korinto lapansi. M'kamwa mwa nsomba ndi yaing'ono mlomo wa mmunsi linasokonekera, mutu tapers kustogolo ndipo penapake flattened. Udindo wa kukhudza ntchito mitundu iwiri iwiri ya tinyanga. maso komanso ang'ono, ndi Iris golide.

Monga nthumwi zonse chondrostei, Atlantic Nsombazi pa thupi ndi ambiri kotenga kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke fupa, wotchedwa nsikidzi. Koma pa mtundu uwu zamitundu lalikulu kuposa ena. Caudal peduncle kutetezedwa zishango zazikulu. Pa nsana zili rhombic Bony mipukutuyi.

Mtundu Nsombazi mdima. Thupi maolivi bluish, anthu ena, pali golide Sheen. Nsikidzi akuda opepuka kuposa thupi chachikulu. The mmunsi mwa thupi (mimba), zoyera.

khalidwe Features

Kulumikizana Atlantic Nsombazi amasamukira ku nyanja ku mtsinje ndi zimaswana. Iwo sakudziwa umasonkhana sukulu lalikulu, ngati nsomba zina, ndi kupita mmodzi ndi mmodzi kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Kuswana nthawi pali kasupe ndi yozizira mitundu. Zima Nsombazi kukhala yozizira mu madzi abwino.

nyama Young moyo m'mitsinje kwa zaka zingapo. Pa nyanja, juveniles kusiya okha kufika zina kutalika kwa thupi (60 cm).

kubalana

M'badwo wa msinkhu kwa amuna amapezeka pa chaka chiwiri naini. The wamkazi kukula kenako, eyiti khumi ndi zinayi (kafukufuku ikuchitika Nyanja Black). Pa spawning, mkazi akhoza kusesa mazira miliyoni angapo. Caviar amamangiriridwa ku gawo lapansi ndi. chitukuko Embryonic kumachitika masiku 3-4, koma kutentha madzi ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 ° C. Pa kutentha m'munsi chitukuko embryonic anachedwa masiku 10-12. Pa nthawi ya kuswa mphutsi kutalika 10 mm. Kwa masabata 2 thupi anawonjezera kuti mamilimita 18, pa nthawi imene mphutsi kuyamba kudya paokha.

chakudya

The zakudya za nkhanu mphutsi planktonic ndi hironamidy. Iwo akhoza kukhala pogulitsira zakudya tizilombo mphutsi. Wamkulu Atlantic Nsombazi kudya gerbils ndi anchovies, komanso invertebrates, mphutsi ndi nkhanu zing'onozing'ono. Nthawi zina chakudya ndi mollusks.

udindo Conservation kusodza

Atlantic Nsombazi kutha. chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chochepa kwambiri lero, kugwira Nsombazi Atlantic ndikoletsedwa m'dziko lonse la Europe. Choncho, kunena zimene anagwira Atlantic Nsombazi, n'zovuta. Za zida, n'zovuta kunena. Chinthu chimodzi chili bwino, ngati nambala akhoza kubwezeretsedwa, ndi nsomba za Atlantic Nsombazi kudzakhala kotheka, ndiye ayenera kukhala amphamvu kwambiri nsomba ndodo ndi zabwino chintchito. Nthawi zambiri nsomba anapangidwa maukonde gill pa spawning kusamuka.

Mu masiku akale Ine inadza lalikulu kwambiri Atlantic Nsombazi. Trophy nsomba, asodzi mwachitsanzo akufuna kupeza membala lalikulu la mitundu, anapereka zotsatira zodabwitsa. Choncho, mu Mtsinje Neva mu 1851 anakwatulidwa ndi mkazi Atlantic Nsombazi masekeli pafupifupi 320 makilogalamu. Kuwonjezera fillets chokoma kuti asodzi nthawi analandira makilogalamu 80 caviar. Mu Gulf wa Finland waukulu chitsanzo wagwidwa 1934. Izi chinsomba kulemedwa makilogalamu 177. Mu Nyanja ya Ladoga anali analandiranso mpikisano waphindu. Nsombazi anagwira m'litali inali pafupi 3 mamita ndi kulemedwa makilogalamu 130. effigy anapangidwa kuchokera zikopa za chimphona, amene kusungidwa mu Museum wa Academy of Sciences ku St. Petersburg.

Otsiriza anatsimikizira mfundo za ulimi wa Atlantic Nsombazi chinachitika mu 1984. Nsombazo wamkazi 1.5m yaitali, masekeli - makilogalamu 30.

Today anatsimikizira kuti Atlantic Nsombazi anali mu Nyanja Black pafupi ndi mtsinje Rioni.

Chifukwa wotsikirapo chiwerengero

zinawonongeka kwambiri ndi chiwerengero cha Nsombazi Atlantic amachita zochita za anthu. Pa mitsinje zimamangidwa damu kapena m'madamu. Mwachitsanzo, Mtsinje Volkhov, amene akulowa Atlantic Nsombazi zimaswana ku Nyanja Ladoga, watsekedwa mu 1926 ndi damu a. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, za sturgeons deta salinso lipoti ku mtsinje umenewu.

Munthu akatulutsidwa ku mitsinje ndi nyanja, madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mafakitale, kuipitsa madzi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa nsomba. Spawning Nsombazi amadwala matabwa yoyandama. Makungwa kudziunjikira m'madera ena, alipo malemba ndi zowola, kuswa boma oxygen.

Pa nthawi, asayansi angadabwe ndi cryopreservation wa genomes kuti athe recreate tione. zinthu izi chingandithandize yekha ndi mgwirizano odzaza a maiko nkhawa.

Game "Russian usodzi"

Muphe Atlantic Nsombazi sindingakhoze basi mpikisano nsomba. Masiku ano, pali pakompyuta mungapezeko moonetsera luso lanu mu dziko pafupifupi. "Russian usodzi" (PP) - masewera imene inu zosavuta ngakhale novice. Pa Neva Mtsinje Atlantic Nsombazi wagwidwa malo wakupambulika dzinache Petro ndi Paulo Linga. nsomba izi mwamsanga kutulutsa misinkhu mu masewera, popanda ndalama zina.

Nsonga oyamba:

• Ngati nsomba rybehu chachikulu, kumwa mowa ndi kudya msuzi.
• Kugwira Nsombazi bwino pa zimatengedwa, kotero inu mukhoza kutenga akudziwa zambiri mu masewera.
• Ngati nsomba yaing'ono, kumasula izo kuchokera ndodo.

Ngati mukufuna kusewera mu PP 3,7. (Neva), Atlantic Nsombazi nditsimikize kuti inu ndaweza. Kuti tichite zimenezi ayenera amathera maola 2 miliyoni rubles masewera. Logwirana Nsomba ija 450 ths. Pakuti chidutswa 1, koma muyenera osachepera atatu. Good, wamphamvu chokulungira ndalama osachepera 450 zikwi. Nyambo kugula kapena kukakwera nokha.