Owonetsera zakale za m'Baibulo Moscow - zimene kudzandichezera? Review wa zakale m'mbiri yakale Moscow

Ndithu wapatali cholowa kusunga owonetsera zakale m'mbiri yakale Moscow. Kufufuza padzuwa onse, sikokwanira kwa moyo. Koma ena a iwo, ife mwamphamvu amalangiza kuti mukhale bwino. Tikupereka malo mwachidule za zinthu zochititsa chidwi wotchuka ndi chidwi mwa likulu.

The State zakale Museum ku Moscow

Ambiri ku Russia tingoganizira yosanja katatu wofiira nyumba njerwa ndi denga woyera, yomwe ili pa Red Square.

Yaikulu Russian State zakale Museum anakhazikitsidwa mu February 1872 ndi lamulo la Alexander II. Mu 1974, bungwe mzinda allocated pomanga malo Red Square m'dziko, pomwe adayikidwapo mu April chaka chomwecho, ndi nawo mfumuyo. Kumanga mu zoyerekeza-Russian kalembedwe ndi mfundo za nsanja tinalengedwa ndi wazomangamanga ndi injiniya Shevrudom Semenov. Iwo organically oyenera gulu loyimba analipo a Moscow Kremlin ndi Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral. Nyumba zakale Museum zokongoletsa kwa ojambula zithunzi wotchuka mu Moscow, Vasnetsov, Korovin, Aivazovsky, Repin. Yomanga mpaka 1881, ndipo mu May 1883, m'nyumbayi anakumana ndi alendo choyamba.

Chionetsero zakale, wopangidwa mwa zinthu pafupifupi 5 miliyoni ndi 14 zikalata kuwalitsa magawo onse a chitukuko cha Russia - nthawi zakale kwa zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. M'chigawo choyamba wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho owonetsera zakale akhala Crimea nkhondo. Mu Soviet Union, ena zinthu zokongoletsera kuti inathetsedwa, ndi zojambula whitened. Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo anayamba zikuluzikulu kubwezeretsa kubwerera maonekedwe mbiri imene wabwezeretsedwa pofika cha 2003. Mu 2006, ntchito inatha pa chionetsero okhazikika, amene anakonza kuti mumve ndipo panopa ali 39 zipinda apansi awiri. Aliyense lothandiza retracted chipinda chake, ndi oyamba - zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zokhudzana ndi dongosolo wosazindikira limodzi.

Ambiri chidwi ndi wapadera masitolo zakale Museum mu Moscow. zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho Ife anasonkhana pafupifupi theka la zana. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• Chenicheni yaikuluyi tusks pa magombe za Yenisei mtsinje Irkutsk wamalonda Gromov kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX ndipo anapereka iwo kwa nyumbayi.

• Hollowed mwala nkhwangwa zosiyanasiyana thundu khungwa kutalika mamita 7.5. Anapeza pa magombe a Don pafupi Voronezh am'deralo mu 1954.

• kabukuka m'manda mu oyimitsira Sungir pansi Vladimir, amene zaka ali oposa 25 zikwi. Zaka.

• Taman sarcophagus IV m'ma BC. Anapeza m'chiyambi cha m'ma lomaliza kudera kumene ntchito kukhala wakale Greek boma la Bosporus ufumu, amene wotanganidwa Kerch ndi Taman Peninsula.

• Tashtyktsev maliro masks, kulola kuti taganizani zomwe zinali kuoneka anthu a kum'mwera kwa Siberia mu BC II atumwi. e. - V m'ma BC. e.

• Zopangidwa wozungulira ziwiya nyanga kumwa - rhytons.

• "Ikani" - woyamba kope chibwenzi ku 1800s lapansi.

• Mummified zotsalira za Russian 25 wazaka nthawi mkazi mapiramidi Iguputo.

• Woyamba Birch-makungwa mpukutu XIV atumwi, anapeza pafupi Novgorod mu 1951. Ichi ndi lipoti pa mndandanda wa mangawa anakhazikitsa Bungwe Boyar patrimony.

The Moscow Kremlin osungirako zakale

Mu mtima mwa likulu, mu boma la Russia, pali owonetsera zakale wapadera. Ogwirizana ndi dzina wamba - Moscow Kremlin osungirako zakale. A okwana asanu: amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida, mafunsidwe a Robe Church, Museum wa Akutsatira Art ndi Moyo wa atumwi XVII, ndi Akukwera, Angelo ndi Annunciation Cathedral.

zida

owonetsera zakale za m'Baibulo Moscow monga odziwika onse pa chuma cha dziko dzina la wakale Kremlin zopereka. M'nyumbayi ali ndi nyumba zinalengedwa ndi wamanga K. tani mu 1891. Zankhondo deta imakhala ndi zodzikongoletsera chuma achifumu ndi vestry a khololo, zopangidwa ndi Kremlin ambuye, ndipo anapereka kwa akazembe a mayiko ena.

Lili zovala mwambo tsar a coronation kavalidwe, regalia boma, zovala hierarchs wa Mpingo Russian, mankhwala gunsmiths, magulu nkhani zopangidwa ndi golide ndi siliva, zopangidwa ndi ambuye Russian luso la siliva ku Ulaya, ngolo, kavalo mwambo oyang'anira. Onse zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ya zankhondo ndi wa luso mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe mtengo wapatali kwambiri. M'nyumbayi amasonyeza zikwi zinayi zinthu zaluso ndi ntchito zamanja za boma la Russia, mayiko a East ndi Europe, m'zaka za m'ma IV kumayambirilo a XX lapansi.

Zochititsa chidwi ku Moscow lero zili ndi luso lamakono: Alendo ndi mwayi kuti agwiritse ntchito kalozera kompyuta zankhondo.

kopanda Cathedral

Kwa zaka zambirimbiri, ndi kachisi chachikulu Russia. Panali korona mafumu coronation, atsogoleri a tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, komanso m'manda a makolo akale ndipo metropolitans.

Alendo ndione akupereka iconostasis zazikulu kutalika kuposa mamita 16. Palinso dziko zosonkhanitsira yaikulu ndi mafano wofunika ulemu, ndi gulu loyimba wa kupenta aakulu Kupemphera Ivan VI ya malo, necropolis mbiri.

Cathedral wa Annunciation

owonetsera zakale za m'Baibulo Moscow ali aang'ono ambiri akale. Annunciation - mmodzi wa manda wamkulu wa Moscow Kremlin, kumangidwa ndi miyambo ya Moscow ndi Pskov zomangamanga m'zaka XV monga mpingo kunyumba akalonga kwambiri Russian ndi mafumu. M'mbiri wake, lasintha ambiri. Ancient shestiyarusny iconostasis, wopangidwa pafupifupi mazana mafano, ndi gulu loyimba wa zojambula ochuluka a mtengo wapatali. Ofufuza, ena a zizindikiro za mndandanda tchuthi penti ndi lalikulu Andrei Rublev ndi chizindikiro cha mndandanda Deesis olembedwa ndi Theophanes Chigiriki.

Cathedral wa Angelo

Cathedral, zilipo, inamangidwa zaka 500 zapitazo, koma mbiri yake anayamba mwina zaka 1247-1248. Icho chinali choyamba manda a akalonga kwambiri Russian. khansa awiri ndi manda 47 necropolis kumeneko. Makoma ndi nsanamira za tchalitchi ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi za Moscow olamulira.

Mpingo mafunsidwe a Robe

mpingo Home a mbadwa ndi metropolitans inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XV mu mwambo wa oyambirira-Moscow zomangamanga ndi mfundo za Pskov zomangamanga. Mpingo waung'ono lili pakati pa Palace la Mbali ndi Dormition Cathedral. Iconostasis, lolembedwa ndi Nazario Istomin n'kopindulitsa luso. The kupenta pa makoma unapangidwa malamulo akale mu zaka za m'ma XVII. mpingo umene unachitikira chionetsero cha Russian chosema matabwa. zipilala zimenezi, amene lero akhala pang'ono, asonkhanitsa m'matchalitchi osiyanasiyana Russian.

Museum wa Akutsatira Art ndi Moyo wa atumwi XVII

Ili mu Mkulu wa Mabishopu Chambers, nyumba wakale Russian Makolo akale, chomwe anachipanga kuti Nikon. M'nyumbayi wamng'ono anakhazikitsidwa mu 1962 ndi zochokera chionetsero zikuphatikizapo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wa amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida. M'nyumbayi, amene kuyikidwa mu nyengo yomweyo, amene anauza kulengedwanso Interiors mbiri. Muchipinda choyamba pali zinthu payekha mabishopu, Nikon atsogoleri ena a mpingo. Mbiri ndi luso n'zofunika surplices, zibonga, zotulutsira.

M'nyumbayi ali mipando yakale yoyendera, caskets, zifuwa, mawotchi, njuga, Chess siliva. Ambiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi ziwiya zamtengo wapatali: makapu, golide ndi siliva mbale, makapu, tsabola, Odzigwedeza mchere.

Chabwino ankaimira mwamuna ndi zodzikongoletsera wamkazi: buckles, mabatani, maulalo khafu, ndolo, mphete. Pakati pa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho - zovala zipewa, kunyumba ndi mpingo nsalu mtengo.

Nawa anasonyeza mipukutu chokongoletsedwa ndi ankapenta, screensavers zokongola, mathero. Pakati pawo ndi buku lapadera anapanga Tsarevich Alexei, - phunziroli Karion Istomin.

Popeza malo, ndi zisangalalo mfumu. Izi zinthu kusaka: misampha, mikondo knurled golide, ndi mfuti ya njovu ndi mayi a ngale, flasks chabwino ufa, mauta ndi mivi ya paini, birch, mkungudza,

Paleontological Museum

Kuphunzitsa ndi likulu la maphunziro amene alibe mtundu wawo dziko, ndi gawo la anayambitsa eponymous ya Russian Academy of Sciences ndipo chimodzi cha zinthu zochititsa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi mbiri achilengedwe.

Idamangidwa mu Moscow mu 1937. Mu 1954 zinali chatsekedwa chifukwa cholephera kuti kuwaganizira zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho onse danga wamng'ono: zipinda zonse wotanganidwa pafupifupi mamita 700. lalikulu. m, odzipatulira kwa Werengerani Orlov m'bwalomo pa Big Kaluga tsopano Leninsky Prospekt. Panafunika nyumba zosiyana. yomanga ake linayamba mu 1972 ku malo okongola kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa likulu. Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri zinatengera kulenga wapadera owonetsera zakale zovuta. Mu 1987, latsopano Dinosaur Museum woyamba anatsegula zitseko zake alendo.

Nkhani yaikulu chionetserocho - zamoyo wa dziko organic dzikoli. Malo pafupifupi 5000 sq. m. maholo The asanu anagonjera pafupifupi 5,000 zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. Aliyense chipinda laperekedwa kwa siteji ena mu chitukuko cha dziko organic a Dziko Lapansi.

• Yoyambirira holo. Ulendo chimayamba pa nkhani paleontology, mafelemu ndi chitukuko. Waukulu chionetsero holo - mafupa a yaikuluyi anapeza mu Siberia mu 1842. Nawa mapanelo ceramic kuwalitsa zamoyo za moyo wa nyanja. Pa yosanja ya holo ali anasonyeza zithunzi za asayansi kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, anaphunzira chitukuko cha dziko la organics. Ena mwa iwo ngati umunthu odziwika bwino, ngati Darwin ndi Lomonosov. Author zithunzi zopangidwa kukhomerera mkuwa - wojambula A. Chernov.

• Holo chachiwiri laperekedwa kwa Precambrian ndi oyambirira Paleozoic. Pano mukhoza kuphunzira za tizilombo choyamba moyo okhala Earth: zomera ndi invertebrates. Komanso, chipinda ali chokongoletsedwa ndi ntchito luso ndi yaikulu yosonyeza oimira nyama ndi zomera za nthawi: mwala kusema, mapanelo ceramic, ziboliboli zopangidwa zoumbaumba.

• Mu alendo lachitatu holo timudziwe bwino m'mbuyomu miyala ya m'dera Moscow ndi madera ozungulira, umene kwa zaka mamiliyoni pansi madzi. Pali amaoneka zotsalira za zamoyo imene inkakhala ku dera pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana: algae, invertebrates ndi nsomba.

• chachinayi holo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho a Paleozoic mochedwa ndipo m'mawa Mesozoic. The mwapadera kumuyamikira kumpoto Dvina zomera ndi gulu la mafupa ndi zokwawa yaikulu dinotsefalov amene anasonkhana pulofesa Amalitsky. Pa Makoma a chipinda mutha kuona zithunzi luso la zomera ndi nyama pa luso woodcarving ndi reliefs ceramic utoto. Azikongoletsa chipinda lopangidwa ndi kukhomerera mkuwa phylogenetic mtengo inakhala ndi zizikhala pakati pa chandelier ndi zithunzi za nyama zimene zili wakale.

• Holo chachisanu aitane alendo kwa dziko organic ya theka lachiwiri la Mesozoic ndipo zosiyanasiyana abuluzi nthawi imeneyo. Nawu mndandanda wa mbalame ndi zinyamazi wa Jurassic ndi nthawi Cretaceous. Mmodzi wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho akuluakulu - Diplodocus, ndi osewera a mafupa umene anapereka mu 1910 ndi Nicholas II American E. Carnegie polemekeza chikumbutso 300th wa Romanov mafumu.

• Chipinda chimodzi khama pa Cenozoic nyengo nyama ya mbiri. Nawa anasonyeza mwa oimira nyama ndi zomera. Kuliganizira ndi mafupa a chimphona rhinoceros-paraceratherium, mastodon-gomphotherium, mphalapala bolsherogogo, mphanga zimbalangondo.

Chapakati onyamula Mphamvu Museum ku Moscow

Mbiri ya penipeni mu 1919, pamene chionetsero okhazikika "Moyo wa Red Army ndi Bulu" unakhazikitsidwa.

History of Asilikali onyamula zida za dziko lathu kumaonekera 15 000 zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, amene anasonyeza m'zipinda 24 agwilitse malo mamita lalikulu 5,000. M. Zinthu anayikidwa kuti mumve: mbiriyakale ya asilikali Russian mpaka 1917, pa Civil nkhondo, Red Army alonda a Soviet Union panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri, Nkhondo Itatha, Union onyamula Zikuchititsa. Anapereka zikalata, mphoto, zithunzi, zida ndi zida za nkhondo, magulu mbendera, katundu wa asilikali, apolisi ndi asilikali.

owonetsera zakale zina za mbiri yakale ku Moscow

Mndandanda wa zinthu zochititsa chidwi mbiri mukhoza kupitiriza. Mwa iwo Museum of History Contemporary, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1917 ndipo anadzipereka kwa mbiri Russian kuyambira cha m'ma XIX kwa m'ma makumi awiri.

Moscow Museum a silikhali anayamba linakhalapo mu 1981 ndi chionetsero, yemwe anapima kuti lifanane ndi chikumbutso cha forte cha Nkhondo ya Moscow.

Wina usilikali History Museum mu Moscow - ku Central Museum wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Chikumbukiro zovuta linatsegulidwa pa Poklonnaya Hill mu 1995 kuti patha zaka 50 tili chigonjetso.

Moscow mbiri owonetsera zakale simungathe kulingalira popanda Moscow a Museum, omwe anakhazikitsidwa mu 1896 ndi Bungwe la City. Ndiyeno anaitana Museum wa Moscow mzinda chuma, ndi malo oyamba a malo ake anali Krestovsky madzi nsanja. Moscow owonetsera zakale amabweretsa pamodzi m'madipatimenti zingapo: Archaeology, chikhalidwe malo, mbiri ya Lefortovo, English bwalo.

Museum of Archaeology Moscow watsegula monga nthambi ya Moscow Museum wa chikumbutso 850th likulu mu 1997. Pakuti inamangidwa mobisa hema pa akuya mamita 7 pa malo a ntchito pofukula pa kukhazikitsanso Manege Square mu 90s Mu zaka zapitazo.

English farmstead imakhudzanso Museum Mbiri ya Moscow ndipo ndi imodzi mwa nyumba yakale ya likulu. Pakati pa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho: ". History wa Chambers bwalo la English" "Moscow akale maso a alendo", "Mbiri ya Anglo-Russian asapita XV-XII zaka" okhazikika chionetsero "Pitani Elizabeth II mu 1994 Chambers Old English Court mu Moscow" mu nyumbayi.