Atrium - n'chofunika kwambiri a zomangamanga Roman

Atrium - ndi mbali yaikulu ya nyumba Roma, mkati kuwala bwalo limene ena chipinda. The etymology mawu amachokera ku Latin atrium, kutanthauza "wautsi", "wakuda". M'nyumba wakale mu atrium kwa okhazikika moto, chifukwa kukula ka pabwalo, iye akhoza linada, choncho nthawi zambiri, ndipo anakhala dzina lake. Mu atrium, likulu analinso nkhokwe kwa Madzi a mvula.

Chotero yomanga ndi mmene nyumba Roma aja mchikakamizo cha nyimbo za Anthu a msika Greek ndi nyumba wamba anthu. Panalinso chikoka cha nyumba Etruscan. Kwa zaka zingapo, Aroma analibe nyumba pofuna kukwaniritsa. Ngakhale m'nthawi ya ulemelero wa ufumu anakhalabe mbali yokulirapo ya atrium nyumba. Chotero mtundu chimaonetsa kukhala nyumba yotchedwa atrium-peristyle.

Atrium - ndiko kuchimake kwa nyumba Roma, lotseguka amakona anayi danga, komplyuvium (compluvium). Padenga la atrium ndi mbali zinayi amene anapita ku pakati, anachoka pakati pa malo lotseguka, kumene Madzi a mvula zimapita ku dziwe implyuvium (impluvium), anakonza pansi. denga zambiri zochokera mizati inayi amene anaima pa ngodya implyuviuma.

nyumba Chiroma mtundu wa umunthu Ufumuyo atrium. Chiwembu Maliko Vitruvius, Roman wamanga akhoza zimasiyana mu mitundu iwiri: pabwalo kavedium kapena atrium denga chimene chimafika circumferentially, ndi zomera atrium ponamizira mosalekeza.

Kavedium ogaŵikana mitundu 5:

• Atrium tuscanicum - mtundu ambiri linkadziwika Etruscan. Iwo amakhala ndi concave denga ndi dzenje amakona anayi pakati, izo otsetsereka pansi kwa komplyuviumu lapansi. Denga anapuma pa matabwa awiri yopingasa imakonzedwa pa m'mbali komplyuviuma.
• Atrium tetrastylum ntchito pamene malo ochulukirapo chipangizo. Izi mbali kalembedwe perpendicular kwa mpanda kugawa, anapanga angapo zipinda kuzungulira bwalo. Kapangidwe Denga zochokera mizati inayi mu ngodya komplyuviuma.
• Atrium corinthium wofanana ndi m'mbuyomu, koma anali komplyuvium zikuluzikulu ndiponso moyenera, ndi kuchuluka kwa mizati. Korinto mtundu ankaimira khonde colonnaded kuchirikiza denga moyang'anana otsetsereka mkati.
• Atrium displuviatum anali padenga ndi skylight pakati. lumen anali zambiri kutetezedwa ndi pogona wapadera ku mvula.
• Atrium testudinatum - atrium kwathunthu oletsedwa ndi arches.

Open Atrium, wolengedwa mwa maonekedwe a tchalitchi, ndi bwalo m'malire awiri pakhonde lateral. Pabwalo anali tablinium (matabwa zomera) ndi lotseguka wapakamwa kutsogolo. Tablinium anali wolumikizana ndi zipinda lamkati la chikhatho chimodzi m'lifupi (fauces).

Poyamba atrium bwalo anasiyanitsidwa ndi khomo msewu, amene linatsegulidwa ndi mwambo. Koma ndiye anayamba logwirana chitseko cha. Athandizira, nthawi zambiri zitseko awiri tsamba anatsegula mkati. Moyang'anizana nawo unali likulu nthawi ili. Mu gawo ili la nyumba tinali kupita ku mabanja. Pali anawomba nsalu akapolo, amene ankagwira ntchito ndi Hostess yekha.

Kenako, atrium - ndi mtundu wa nkhope kunyumba. Iye Adadzadzidwa ogaŵikana boma (Tablinum - ofesi, atrium, triklinium), kutsogolo ndi gawo payekha (kubikuly, peristyle - kuchipinda). Makoma ndi kuwala khonde ndi zithunzi zokongola m'makoma, Zithunzi pansi anaika, ndi m'malo mwa moto dziwe. Marble mizati ndi mafano anali chokongoletsedwa atrium. panyumbayo analusa kwambiri kumusangalatsa.

Kumulakalaka nyumba Galeta ali anagwidwa ndi Aroma mu heyday za ufumuwo kuti upezeke iwo amati kukonza atriums pa nyumba ndiponso akachisi.

Pa zomangamanga masiku ano "atrium" Liwu ndi yosiyana. Atrium - ndi danga momasuka ndi kudenga translucent mkati nyumbayi, simenti angapo mkulu. Pomanga malo chionetsero, mahotela, malo malonda, maofesi a makampani yaikulu - ndi mbali wamba a zomangamanga a.