Ndi njonda ndi olemekezeka ndi ndani?

M'masiku amenewo, pamene akalonga analamulira Yairo, zikamera wa mwayi strata - otchuka ndi boyars 'zigawo - ndi masoka njira. Poyamba, owayimilira anali adani ambiri. Common kuti makalasi onse anali kuti iwo anali bwalo la anthu amene ambiri anadalira pa kalonga, ndi amene akhoza kudalira. Koma si aliyense akumvetsa amene anthu olemekezeka, ndi momwe iwo amasiyana boyars lapansi.

zikamera wa kalasi

Yachokera wotsalayo pazimene m'mbuyomu angathe kupereka nucleation boyar kalasi imagwera pamwamba 9 atumwi. Yotsatira mazana asanu ndi limodzi, zikupereka ndi udindo waukulu pakati pa anthu ang'onoang'ono.

Nkhani "Laurentian amafotokoza" amapezeka mawu monga 'otchuka. Otchedwa birch makungwa wapangidwa za 12-13 CC. Wapereka nkhani ya amene njonda izi.

Kodi anthu awa?

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwake kwa zaka za m'ma 12 panali ulamuliro: kalonga anatenga kusankha, amene zachilengedwe akhoza kuvala mutu aulemu a "Ambuye". Chotero kalonga mwayi akhoza kupatsa kasamalidwe wa asilikali ake. Boyar komanso kupatsidwa mwayi kutaya m'dziko limene anakhala chuma, tinatengera, titero, nkhondo mpikisano Prince.

Malinga malo wotanganidwa ndi chikoka cha boyars anali m'magulu awiri:

• wolemera kwambiri - ndi boyars mkulu;
• zochepa bwino - oimira squads wamng'ono.

Woyamba anapereka okha ndi gulu lankhondo laling'ono - amphamvu kuposa nthawi zambiri nkhanza, kupikisana ndi mzake komanso ndi kalonga. Kwambiri udindo wapamwamba olemekezeka kukhala mu Duma. kalonga anakakamizika kumvetsera maganizo waukulu, pamene funso kwambiri m'dziko kapena litigation. Prince anayamikira boyars ndi olemekezeka, koma nthawi zonse akusemphana ndi mzake.

Olemekezeka wamng'ono ndi Ankhondo ana amaikidwa ndi Prince pa maudindo osiyanasiyana zofunika: falconer, mkwati, msungichuma, kapitawo, woperekera chikho, etc. Pa kulandira malipilo - "kudyetsa mu" ...

Mawu akuti "njonda" Zikuchita kuonekeratu zokhudza utumiki pa bwalo kalonga, amene ali kuchita mitundu yonse ya madongosolo a usilikali, chuma kapena chuma mbali. nthumwi bwino Musiyeni squads junior. Monga mphoto mokhulupirika ndi olimba mtima pa kumenyana fuko lomveka analandira chidutswa cha dziko ndi Amaya. Kuyambira m'zaka 15 udindo wolemekezeka amakhala cholowa a. Pa nthawi yomweyo anadzipereka kugwiritsa ntchito malo ndi ankadutsa olowa. Kodi olemekezeka, kuphunzira kusekondale.

Lordly chuma cha kutaya udindo lalikulu m'zaka 17. Chiyambi cha ndondomekoyi anali kukonza a Peter I. M'malo mwake, anthu olemekezeka anapatsidwa mwayi kwambiri chifukwa cha mfundo za a Peter III ndi Catherine kuwerenga ndi kulemba, motero, mu 1762 ndi 1785, motero.

mbali zapadera za boyars ndi olemekezeka

Anthu otchuka kwa zaka za m'ma 17, ali ndi udindo wapadera monga boyars kalasi wotaya udindo wake. Koma, ngakhale, ndi Dziwani kusiyana kwa olemekezeka boyars:

1. Boyars ukugwira kwa ambuye kwambiri ang'onoang'ono. Iwo anali m'dziko limene amayenera tinatengera. Olemekezeka amene anatumikira kalonga kapena mkulu Boyar pamaso m'ma 14 analibe ufulu amenewa.
2. Ngati mbuye ndi ufulu wosankha zimene zimakhala Prince, ndi fuko lomveka kudalira chifuniro cha mwini.
3. boyars nthawi yaitali unathandiza kwambiri mu amchigulu pamene olemekezeka mwayi anabwera ndi inalowa la Petra Velikogo.

Kuchokera m'nkhani, mwaphunzira amene anthu olemekezeka, ndipo wanji iwo wotanganidwa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa akalonga ndi mafumu.