Atsogoleriwa, ndichiyani? Pali mfundo ziwiri zofunika

Mabishopu - ndichiyani? Ku sukulu Ndimakumbukira kuti pali analinso matriarchy, ndi chomwe iwo amatanthauza alternating wapamwamba koposa ena pa ena - amuna akazi, ndi mosemphanitsa.

mbali khalidwe la ulamuliro wa amuna

Mphamvu ya munthu ali matanthauzo ena, mwachitsanzo, kapena androkratiya andrarhiya, ndizo zonse chomwecho chopanda malire ukulu wa anthu, komanso atsogoleriwa. Kodi izo - mphamvu ya atate (kumasulira mabuku ena) kapena zinthu zokhudza anthu a m'dera lomwe mphamvu zonse anaikira mu manja a kugonana wamphamvu? Onse. Chotero mtundu wa bungwe chikhalidwe, pamene munthu ali mtsogoleri kapena "chinthu lalikulu," ali zake mbali khalidwe, mwachitsanzo, patrilineal limene zonse, kuphatikizapo cholowa, pa mbali ya makolo. Patrilocality kapena pamene malo okhala aliyense m'banja anatsimikiza ndi mwamuna. Mbali yoyamba kwambiri mawu, "Patrie" akusonyeza kuti umalamulira zonse mwamuna, ndipo ngakhale polygyny, pamene gawo la akazi, mphamvu zonse zili m'manja mwake.

Atsogoleriwa ngati maganizo a anthu

Koma mwa banja limodzi, ndi pa atsogoleriwa mtundu wonsewo - kuti ali? Ndi chimangidwe, amene ali chibadidwe mfundo za jenda, pamene mnyamata akukula ndi mfundo lochitira nkhanza akazi ndi ulamuliro wamwamuna monga chinachake mopepuka, pamene ufulu onse, kuphatikizapo ufulu wosankha maudindo onse, kupanga zisankho ndi udindo wawo kuphedwa, a amuna. Masiku ano anthu ambiri, maonekedwe a atsogoleriwa m'malo obisika si ananena ndi boma, koma kwa zaka anayamba malamulo ubale jenda, makhalidwe aikidwa kwa anthu pa mlingo chikumbumtima.

Tanthauzo achipembedzo akuti

Komabe, kuphunzira, mawu ndi mu ntchito osati pofotokoza mfundo yolembedwa Orthodoxy ndi imodzi mwa mawu zambiri ntchito. Mu chipembedzo nzeru, atsogoleriwa, kuti ndiye? Ichi ndi lofanana ndi mpingo. Mu nthawi yathu, monga chisanadze Petrine (mfumu yaikulu anathetsa mabishopu, ndipo bungwe ili wabwezeretsedwa chifukwa cha chosankha cha Bungwe la 1917-18 Local). Osankhidwa mabishopu, Tikhon amene anatsogolera mpingo mpaka 1925. Mayeso mawuwa amanena za dongosolo kumanga ndi masanjidwe mphamvu mpingo. Ambiri, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Russia mabishopu ndi unayamba mu 1589, ndipo mtsogoleri woyamba wa mpingo unali Job. Mu nthawi Union, Orthodox dzikoli mu 1943, panthawi ya nkhondo. Sergio Stragorodsky walunjika Mpingo Orthodox Russian mpaka 1944, kumene anakafa.

m'malo ake, Alexios ndinakhala kuzinga lonse linali mu mzinda anazinga ndipo linapereka kwa Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Leningrad". dzina lake mu dziko - sv Simansky, ndi Moscow Orthodox, iye anali wochokera 1945 mpaka imfa yake mu 1970. onse mitu wotsatira wa ROC anachita zonse zotheka kutsitsimutsa ziphunzitso ndi moyo wauzimu wa mtundu. Kuyambira mu 1971, motsogoleredwa ndi MP Pimen mu dziko SERGEY Mihaylovich Izvekov yemwe anamwalira mu 1990. Iwo m'malo ndi Aleksey Mihaylovich Ridiger, amene anakhala kholo mu 1990 pansi pa dzina Alexy II. mutu wa MP Current ndi Kirill kuyambira 2009 (mu dziko Gundyaev Vladimir Mihaylovich).

autocephaly lalikulu

Large Orthodox patriarchates (kutchulidwa malinga diptych) - Constantinople, Alexandria, Antiokeya, Yerusalemu Moscow ndipo ambiri autocephalous (kudzikonda zili mkati boma limodzi, mwachitsanzo, Chibugariya, Chihangare, etc ...), Churches, ambiri ankakhala mu madera a mayiko a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, zonse ali pamodzi (ndipo pali nduna 15 okha) Mpingo The Orthodox.

Kumene, pali ambiri matchalitchi amene anachoka ziphunzitso, koma mbiri ake, monga "Old Calendarists Greek" kapena "Russian Church mwambo" - pali zosiyanasiyana, koma si Orthodox patriarchates.

dzina lina ROC

The Russian Orthodox ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa alipo mipingo autocephalous m'deralo. Pa gawo lalikulu la Russia pali 136 dioceses. Pambali pali zingapo stavropegic, womwenso mchitidwe umenewu, obisika, ubale aang'ono mwachindunji wamng'ono kwa kholo (zimene zinachitikira umatchedwa svyaschennoarhimandritom) ndipo sikukutanthauza akuluakulu diocesan. Ndipo chuma chonse ali dzina lina nduna - Moscow Orthodox, kapena MP. Iye pachikhalidwe chachisanu mu mndandanda wa mayina kukumbukiridwa mu mapemphero - ndi diptych, ndipo anazindikira mwa zonse monga chokha Church ovomerezeka Orthodox pa malire a maiko CIS. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti pamaso pa MP ndi Moscow Orthodox pamaso 2000 ankagwiritsa ntchito mofanana ndi mawu akuti. Tsopano Moscow Orthodox akuimira mabungwe onse amene amagwira kuthamanga ndi mbadwa. The Moscow Orthodox silingawafike Old Okhulupirira, Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC) ndi Russian Orthodox Kunja kwa Russia (ROCOR). Pa Moscow Orthodox ndi chikalata chachikulu - za hayala wa Russian Orthodox. Lembali limati akuluakulu ndi yoyendetsa mpingo ndi bungwe la Local, Bungwe la Aepiskopi ndi Holy Synod, yemwe walunjika ndi kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia.