Basi Liaz 677: makhalidwe luso, mbiri ndi kufotokozera

Pa nthawi ino, anthu ochepa kumbukirani basi LIAZ 677 Komabe, kuti "ng'ombe" zokwanira kapena "mbala", monga anthu kumvetsa ndi kukumbukira. Munthu adzakumbukira izi basi pang'ono nditaona kumwetulira, munthu chifuniro kumwetulira zambiri chitonzo. Koma maina anthu awa Nthawi zambiri, ndi mabasi okha osangalala ana. Ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kufotokoza. Mu makina izi, anakhala ubwana ndi unyamata onse amene anabadwa ku Soviet Union ndi Russia lero ake. Tiyeni tiyese kuyang'ana mu masamba a mbiriyakale ya galimoto iyi lodziwika bwino ndi kudziwana lake bwino.

Izi odalirika ndi wodzichepetsa mu utumiki mabasi ndinawapanikiza m'tawuni malo a zaka 30 zapitazo, koma iwo achita ndi ufulu kukhala chizindikiro cha zakale Soviet nyengo. History LiAZ 677 - si nthano za kubadwa kwa chitsanzo, monga gawo la mbiri ya lililonse, nyengo zopambana.

Anali ZILom nakhala lyase. mbiri lachitsanzo

Cha m'ma 50 ntchentche mumzinda mabasi ZIL 158, omwe amagwira ntchito pa njirazo mizinda yonse ya dziko lonse, ananeneratu kutha. Machine ndi nthawi kale wokongola ndi lothandiza akufunika thandizo m'malo. Kamangidwe anali chachikale chinkawavuta ndi okwera atayikidwa pang'ono ndithu.

Komabe, zaka akudziwika amphamvu ndi kuchulukana kwa ntchito yomanga nyumba. Choncho, m'mizinda inasanduka koposa anthu ndi midzi anayamba kusowa zambiri mabasi, amene adzalola kuti zonyamula wamkulu chiwerengero cha anthu. Tsiku lililonse masauzande anthu anali kutenga ku ntchito, ndipo ambiri mafakitale ndi zomera mafakitale anali pa mtunda okwanira.

Makina amene ntchito ngati mabasi ndi magalimoto akhoza kumakhalamo anthu 60 onse. Cities wamkulu, ndi zoyendera ngati simungathe zosowazo. N'chifukwa chake lyase chinayamba latsopano lalikulu mabasi zonyamula ntchito pa maulendo m'tawuni.

Choncho, kasupe wa chaka 58th. Mu yaing'ono mzinda wakunja kwatawuni wa Likino-Dulyovo anayamba kufalitsa mabasi. Yopanga anasamukira ku mbewu. Likhachev. Fakitale anali otanganidwa ndi kupereka chofunika makina buku msonkhano sakanakhoza. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi zaka 59 anaonekera maphunziro oyamba kwa chilengedwe cha lalikulu basi.

Mu 62 TH chaka, ndi zinachitika choyamba anamasulidwa, LiAZ zinachitika 677. Mu TH 63, chitsanzo anakwanitsa kupeza ndemanga yake yoyamba. Chaka chotsatira, basi mayeso galimoto ku mapiri unachitikira. M'chaka 65th, mbewu kuchuluka kupanga ake ndipo wakhala kampani yaikulu, umene umabala mabasi.

Pamene ntchito kapangidwe LiAZ 677 akhala mofikapo, bungwe State watipatsa kuwala wobiriwira kuyamba kupanga. Ndipo m'chaka 66th, mabasi anayamba kufika ku likulu avtokombinaty. The mtanda woyamba wakhala pamodzi TH wa 67, pa kuŵeta bungwe mu 68th Pachiyambi, makina awa ntchito kokha m'misewu ya Moscow. Mu mizinda ina ya dziko lalikulu, zitsanzo izi inatulutsidwa mochedwa.

Mu 71 chaka TH zomera kwathunthu ndi massively anayamba kubala lodziwika bwino basi LiAZ 677.

N'chifukwa chiyani "ng'ombe"?

Galimoto walandira dzina si chifukwa cha khalidwe la mayendedwe. Ndi yosavuta. USSR onse ndi nthawi zonse anathandiza fraternal Cuba. Ndipo ndithudi, palinso mabasi aperekedwe. Koma popeza kuti pali anthu ofunika kwambiri, galimoto anapeza ntchito ina. Choncho, chifukwa chakuti m'munsi pakhomo la basi, izo zinali yabwino kwambiri zoyendera ng'ombe. Panalibe kulenga ndiziwunda wapadera. Pet mosavuta akupita pansi mu LiAZ 677. Cuba ndi pang'ono anasintha kapangidwe - kudula denga chifukwa cha nyengo. Motero, "ziweto".

chipangizo nthano

chitsanzo imatengedwa kukhala woyamba mzinda weniweni basi, amene anali chopangidwa mu Union. Mosiyana ntchito yapita, zachilendo sanali kokha anaikira za kuchuluka kwa anthu, koma inali yabwino kwambiri. Basi mipando omasuka, ntchito yabwino ya dongosolo magetsi. Ngakhale mu ozizira zakutchire, anthu ena anakwanitsa kugona momveka kwambiri mu kanyumba - kotero izo zinali ofunda.

Yabwino mzinda

LiAZ 677 ali kuyimitsidwa kwambiri ndi Getsi lakutsogolo thupi basi. mabasi ena amakhala ndi kuyenda yosalala. Pa tokhala ndi mavuto osiyana msewu, chitsanzo ichi anathamangitsa molimba mtima. Apadera makhalidwe a elasticity ndi mphamvu kuyimitsidwa anatembenuka kukwaniritsa chifukwa zonenepa Mphira mpweya ntchito yomanga.

Mphamvu ndi Masamu

Mkati, woyenera anthu okwana 110, ndipo ulendo atakhala anthu 25. mipando imakonzedwa mu dongosolo three- ndi zinayi mzere. Pakati pa mizere ya mipando anali ndimeyi ndi lonse chimene chimapangitsa mabasi izi ndi zabwino kwambiri ndi yabwino anthu.

basi m'litali ndi 10 530 mm, m'lifupi - 2500 mm, kutalika - 3033 mm.

Thupi ndi mkati

chitsanzo kuti ndi chizindikiro cha masiku ambiri osangalala - LiAZ 677 chinali chiyani?

Thupi ngolo-ndinali kapangidwe thandizo. Gawo thupi ndi ogwirizana ndi mzake ndi rivets, zobisika pansi akalowa, amene anatumikira ntchito kukongoletsa.

Mkati umandandidwa ndi laminate. Pamwamba windscreen panali nyumba zonse, komwe pa dzanja limodzi kukhazikitsa njira nambala imene makina umagwira ntchito, ndi pa dzanja ena - mfundo njira.

kuyatsa The unapangidwa bungwe ndi downlights asanu ndi nyali fulorosenti. Kulumikizidwa panes aliyense zenera amapereka masoka njira ventilate mkati.

mawu osiyana kulandira dongosolo magetsi. Zinali outflow mpweya wotentha, umene analandira kwa dongosolo injini kuzirala. Air chitoliro anadutsa kumanzere kwa thupi, ndi mbali zotsala za kutsogolo, kumbuyo kugawa galimoto, pa tsiku frosty, ngakhale anthu akugona kumbuyo.

Features mkati

Mphamvu wagawo mu galimoto inali kutsogolo kwa kumanja kwa dalaivala wa basi. Akatswiri anaganiza kuti kudzakhala bwino kwambiri ndipo kotero kunapezeka. chigamulochi analola amasulidwe kwambiri mpata okwera mu kumbuyo. Ndipo ngati kunali koyenera kuti tikonze injini, zilibe ngakhale kupita kunja.

Zambiri za katundu anatenga pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo. Iwo anali matayala kumanzere ndi kumanja chomwecho. Malo osewerera okwana inali pang'ono pansipa kanyumba. Ndipo mu kanyumba akhoza anafika ndi otsetsereka wofatsa. Kulowa ndi kutuluka kanyumba pakhomo kumbuyo kwa kutukula ndi omwe apereka masitepe awiri. Kutsogolo kwa masitepe atatu icho chinali, chifukwa chakuti basi ali kutsogolo injini masanjidwe. Salon amadziwikanso pang'ono anakweza pafupi kanyumba.

zitseko

Pofuna kunyamula si yaitali ataima pokwerera mabasi, iwo ali zitseko lonse wa mavavu anayi. Basi a zitseko ziwiri. pakhomo lachitatu cockpit zilipo kwa dalaivala.

dalaivalayo

Akatswiri ankafuna kutsogolera ntchito mu njira yakuti dalaivala inali yabwino kwambiri ndi zinchito. Kodi tinganene za kanyumba LiAZ 677? NKHANI ake - descriptiveness ndi ergonomics. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, palibe zosafunika. The chida gulu amasiyana kapangidwe lenileni zaka.

mpando wa dalaivala wakhala kunatulukira, n'kukupatsani kusintha kutalika, kumbuyo ngodya, kapena mapilo. The zashuga ndi injini chipinda munalekanitsidwa ndi khoma. Mu ena embodiments, wokwera bokosi "Ikarus". Pa zenera ngati pane anali kwa anthu.

LiAZ injini 677 ndi mafuta

M'galimoto, ntchito V woboola pakati wagawo ZIL 375. basi zambiri pamene amaika lonse ubwino anakhulupirira injini izi sangathe chachikulu. 8 yamphamvu carburettor injini anali ndi mphamvu asilikali 180, koma ndi zilakolako yaikulu.

malita ngakhale thanki mafuta 300 analola 1.5 okha kunyamuka kosangalatsa. Madalaivala pakati refueling kwenikweni anachita. Koma ngakhale chotero mowa yaikulu, chitsanzo anali kupita mu ulimi. Mabasi pa dizilo kulibe komabe, ndi mafuta anali lambiri. Pa dongosolo 93rd anatentha mafuta wagawo 75l / 100 Km.

chithunzi kuti tsopano zimangooneka yaikulu ndi zonama. Ambiri madalaivala amene anagwira ntchito izi makina, adamutcha injini "Njobvu". Ichi ndi chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa njala yaikulu, iye wolemekezeka kuganizira zovuta wodzala basi anakwera kukuchuluka. Koma pambuyo kukulitsa LiAZ basi 677 specifications bwino pang'ono. Mu malo oyamba akadali anatha kulenga injini kwa 76-octeni mafuta, ngakhale anakwanitsa kuchepetsa mowa pasipoti anakhala 54 L / 100 Km.

Pali mbali ina ya wagawo - ndi kutenthedwa m'chilimwe. Zima chisanu injini. Pa otentha masiku, dalaivala anatsegula pa chivundikiro cha injini chipinda, ndipo pamene yozizira akubwera, unit wopereka kutchinjiriza.

HIV

galimoto ndi wophatikizidwa ndi kufala yaotomatiki. Iwo ayenera kunena mwakamodzi kuti uyu ndiye basi koyamba kwa PPC wa mtundu uwu. Ambiri madalaivala tikuziona kuzindikira zonse ubwino nsembe kwa automatics. Awiri sitepe mphaka linapatsa kuthekera kukwaniritsa liwiro pazipita 70 km / h.

Mwachibadwa, m'bokosili zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zitsanzo panopa, koma anali mokwanira odalirika kwambiri. Akukonza zikhoza kuchitidwa mwamsanga.

Chiwongolero ndi mabuleki

Chimango makaniko mu basi anali okonzeka ndi galimoto hayidiroliki. Mabuleki anali awiri dera pneumatic pagalimoto.

Liaz 677 "Moscow"

Yomanga ndi kamangidwe, komanso makhalidwe ndiribe masinthidwe kwambiri pa nthawi yonse kumasulidwa. Komabe, m'chaka 78th, unayambitsidwa kutulutsidwa kwa modernized LiAZ 677 M anali kusinthidwa gearbox, magetsi ndi braking dongosolo. N'zochititsa chidwi anasintha lakutsogolo.

Pakati kusiyana waukulu wa chitsanzo zatsopano chingakhale wolemekezeka mkati. Komanso, thupi okonzeka ndi hatches mu denga. Komanso, basi chasintha mtundu. Tsopano iwo anali chikasu.

Latha kuti zosintha kuti "Moscow" mu chaka 97th.

ikukonzekera

Pali anthu ambiri amene amakopeka ndi chidwi luso chotero - ndi mbiri. Pali ngakhale anthu amene mayunitsi makina ndi kuwabwezeretsa. Nthawi zambiri, amaona mwayi kupeza ngakhale akale LiAZ 677. ikukonzekera mmusi kwa repainted koma kubwezeretsa choyambirira mawonekedwe.

pomaliza

Pali zambiri kunena za basiyi. Pali zosiyanasiyana ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi zokhudza izo, ambiri a mfundo zosangalatsa luso. Today n'kovuta, ndipo pafupifupi wapita. Ndi zimene zatsala pang'ono kutha. Koma iwo amene ali ndi chizolowezi, kulengedwanso mu masewera kompyuta amakonda chitsanzo - LiAZ 677. "OMSI" - ndi pulogalamu yoyeseza a dalaivala wa basi, ndipo tsopano ilipo ndi kuonedwa ndi ife chizindikiro cha nyengo makedzana Soviet.