Wolemba Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich: biography, chilengedwe

Wojambula bwino kwambiri, woyambirira wazaka za m'ma 1900, Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich anakhala moyo wosangalatsa komanso wolemera. Anadutsamo zojambula za ojambula osiyanasiyana, kufufuza zofufuza ndi kupeza malo ake muzojambula. Ndalama yake lero ndi mazana mazana ntchito, zomwe ziri mu zokopa zambiri za dziko.

Ubwana ndi banja

Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich anabadwira mumudzi wa Mikhailovskoye m'chigawo cha Don Army (lero ndi Volgograd Region) m'banja losauka. Ilya anali wamkulu mwa ana asanu ndi anayi, ndipo panalibe ndalama kwa makolo omwe ankachita malonda ang'onoang'ono. Mnyamatayo, yemwe adasonyezeratu kuti ali ndi zaka zambiri, adatumizidwa ku sukulu yamapiri, koma ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri adamutenga kuchokera kumeneko ndikumuuza kuti agwire ntchito kuti athandize banja. Ankayenera kuyima maola 14 mu shopu la wogulitsa zipatso, akutumikira makasitomala, amadana ndi ntchitoyi, koma panalibe chosankha.

Kuphunzira ndi kuphunzira

Pambuyo pake Mashkov Ilya anapita kukagulitsa msika wogulitsa, ntchitoyo siinali yosavuta, koma pano nthawi zina iye ankauzidwa kuti atenge zojambula ndi zizindikiro. Ntchito imeneyi inamupangitsa kukhala wosangalala kwambiri. Mu nthawi yake yopanda pake iye ankajambula zithunzi m'magazini, anajambula zinthu zozungulira, mbalame. Mnyamatayo ankakonda kujambula. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi ndalama zambiri, adadzilembera yekha bokosi la makalata ndi mapepala. Tsiku lina mphunzitsi wa ku Borisoglebsk masewera olimbitsa thupi anawona mnyamata wojambula ndipo anamufunsa ngati akufuna kuphunzira. Ilya adadabwa kwambiri, chifukwa sadakayikire kuti kujambula kungaphunzire. Kotero adayamba kulandira luso loyamba ndi uphungu kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi ku masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zinamuthandiza kumvetsa ntchito yake ndi kukhazikitsa cholinga - kukhala wojambula.

Mu 1900 analowa ku Moscow School of Painting, Zithunzi ndi Zojambulajambula. Pano amaphunzira kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi apamwamba: K. Korovin, L. Pasternak, V. Serov, A. Vasnetsov. Kuyambira zaka zoyambirira za maphunziro a Mashkov wasonyeza luso lapadera komanso khalidwe lachidziwitso. Anali wokondwa kwambiri, kupitirira mtundu, pokhala ndi nthawi yochuluka yozindikira njira yojambula, inali yothandiza kwambiri. Monga wophunzira wosauka mu sukuluyi, anapatsidwa ntchito yothandizira, ndipo kale mu 1904 Mashkov amayamba kupereka maphunziro, kupeza zofunika pamoyo wake.

Achinyamata Achikulire

Posakhalitsa Mashkov Ilya akukwera mpaka kumapazi ake. Mu 1906 adamanga nyumba yake yokha pomanga nyumba ya Polytechnic Society. Adzakhala nyumba yake yolenga mpaka mapeto a tsikulo. Mu 1907 anakumana ndi Petr Konchalovsky, msonkhano uwu unakhudza kwambiri wojambula. Mu 1908, wojambulayo anapita ku Ulaya, anapita ku France, England, Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, kumene adadziŵa zochitika zatsopano zojambula.

Mu 1910 Mashkov anathamangitsidwa kusukulu, koma nthawi imeneyo anali atapeza kale njira yake. Wojambulayo akugwirabe ntchito zambiri, amatha maphunziro mu studio ya K. Korovin, akulemba kuti awonetse zithunzi komanso akadali moyo. Iye adawonetsa, kuphatikizapo ku Salon ku Paris, komwe ntchito yake idagulidwa ndi wopereka chidziwitso cha Russian S. Morozov. Ngakhale apo, zojambula za Mashkov zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malingaliro odabwitsa a dziko lapansi ndi zinthu zozungulira. Iye ali ndi ziphunzitso zowonongeka ku Ulaya ndipo akufunitsitsa kusintha zojambulajambula zachi Russia.

"Jack wa Diamondi"

Mu 1911, Mashkov Ilya, pamodzi ndi Peter Konchalovsky, adayambitsa malo ojambula "Jack of Diamonds". Choyamba mu 1910 panali chiwonetsero chokhala ndi dzina limeneli, kenako ojambula amalingaliro omwe amapanga dera lomwelo. Dzina lomweli kale linadodometsa anthu, ponena za politkotorzhan. Ojambula a ku Moscow anaika cholinga chawo cha kukonzanso muzojambula, ndipo izi zidapindula mokwanira. Iwo ankatsutsa miyambo ya maphunziro ndi zowona, adalengeza kuti anthu ambiri amatsutsa maganizo awo, omwe amawatsutsa.

Mashkov anakhala chimodzi mwa zikhulupiliro za m'mudzimo. Ndi chifukwa chake kuti "jacks" nthawi zambiri kujambula zithunzi zimakhala zamoyo zomwe zikufanana ndi zizindikiro za sitolo. Ojambula amayesa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu. Mosiyana ndi ambiri omwe asanamwalire, Mashkov ndi amishonale adanena kuti ali ndi luso lojambula. Mu 1911-14, wojambulayo ndiye mlembi wa anthu, akugwira nawo nawo masewero ake onse. Mu 1914 iye anasiya "Jack of Diamonds" ndipo anapita kudziko lina.

Mashkov ndi "World of Art"

Pobwerera kwawo Mashkov adalowa mu "World of Art" - bungwe lomwe linakhalapo kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 ndipo linagwirizanitsa ojambula kwambiri a ku Russia. Panthawiyi gulu likulengeza kuthekera kopanga zatsopano, lingaliro lalikulu limakhala "New Academy" A. Benois. Gawo lachiwiri la zaka khumi za makumi khumi ndi ziwiri zazaka za m'ma 200 zinali zovuta kwa ojambula omwe ali mbali ya dera lino. Ngakhale kuti "World of Art" - bungwe lomwe linathandiza kwambiri pajambula la Russian, nthawi ya Mashkov inali, m'malo mwake, mgwirizano weniweni. Koma wojambulayo amachita nawo masewero ndikuthandiza anzake. Panthawiyi Mashkov adagwirabe ntchito zambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono akufika ku zatsopano.

Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia

Mu 1925, Mashkov Ilya adalowa m'gulu latsopano la AHRR, lomwe likulalikira zolinga zatsopano, zosinthika. Ndipotu, iye amakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Wojambulayo ali mu Association mpaka itagwa mu 1929. Panthawi imeneyi iye anajambula zithunzi za moyo watsopano watsopano, zithunzi za antchito apamwamba, akadali ndi moyo wambirimbiri. Ojambula zithunzi ku Moscow, omwe kale ankagwirizana ndi Mashkov, samvetsa cholinga chake chatsopano, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala m'mayiko ena. Ilya Ivanovich adakali ku USSR ndipo amachirikiza maganizo atsopano. M'zaka za m'ma 1930 Mashkov analemba mafanizo oyenera: "Moni ku Congress 17 ya CPSU (b)", "Soviet Mkate".

Panthawi ya nkhondo, Mashkov amakhala ku Abramtsevo, akulemba zithunzi za asilikali ndi ovulala, ogwira ntchito kumbuyo. Pambuyo pake Mashkov amakhala ndi maganizo abwino kwa omvera. Wotsutsa wodziwika bwino wajambula Yakov Tugendhold adanena kuti mu ntchito zake "chikondi chabwino cha thupi ndi magazi" chikuwonekera. Anapitirizabe kunyalanyaza kuti adakalipira masiku otsiriza.

Ntchito yowonetsera

Ilya Mashkov moyo wake wonse unali wopindulitsa kwambiri, komanso ankawonetsa ntchito yake. Iye adachita nawo mawonetsero ambiri ofunika a zaka zoyambirira za makumi awiri. Izi ndi zochitika za Knave ya Diamondi, World Art. Mu 1916, pa "Exhibition of Contemporary Russian Painting" akuonetsa ntchito 70, inali Ilya Mashkov. Kuyambira m'ma 1920, wojambulayo wasonyeza zambiri kunja: Venice, London, New York. M'zaka za m'ma 1930, akuluakulu a Soviet ankanyamula zithunzi za Mashkov ku mizinda ikuluikulu padziko lonse lapansi.

Ntchito yophunzitsa

Pa moyo wake wonse, Ilya Mashkov, wojambula, wojambula, wophunzitsidwa. Ngakhale ali mnyamata, adayamba njira yake yophunzitsira kujambula ndi kujambula. Sukulu yake yomwe adatsegulira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, idzakhala pulogalamu yayikuru ya AHRR. Ena mwa ophunzira ake anali Falk, Tatlin, Osmerkin, V. Mukhina.

Pambuyo pa kusintha, wojambulayo amaphunzitsa zambiri, akugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ku Military Academy ndi VHUTEIN.

Moyo wapadera

Ilya Mashkov anasonyeza kusangalala kwake tsiku ndi tsiku. Iye anali wokonda kwambiri akazi ndipo anakwatira katatu. Mkazi woyamba anali Sophia wa ku Italiya Arentzvari, Mashkov anamkwatira mu 1905, patapita chaka mwana yekhayo wa ojambula Valentin anabadwa. Anakhazikitsa injiniya, mu 1937 adatsutsidwa. Mkazi wachiwiri mu 1915 anali Fedorova Elena Fedorovna. Mkazi wachitatu nayenso anali wojambula: mu 1922 Mashkov anakwatira Danilov Maria Ivanovna.

Cholowa ndi Chikumbutso

Ilya Mashkov, amene zithunzi zake ndizofunika kwambiri ndi okonda zamatsenga, adafa pa March 20, 1944 ku dacha wake ku Abramtsevo. Iye anasiya cholowa chachikulu kumbuyo kwake. Zojambula zake lero zili m'magulu a mizinda 78 kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Chikwama cha wamasiyecho chinasamutsidwa ku Museum Museum ya Volgograd. Zojambula zake sizimawonekera pamsika wogulitsira ndipo zimagulitsidwa ndalama zambiri. Kotero, "Maluwa" adagulitsidwa kwa madola 3.5 miliyoni, ndi "Still Life with Fruits" - $ 7.2 miliyoni.

Zojambula za Mashkov zimaphunziridwa ndi akatswiri ojambula, mabuku amamupatsa. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Volgograd ili ndi dzina lake. Kukumbukira kwa katswiriyo sikumatha, mawonetsero a ntchito zake amachitikizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi m'mayamayi aakulu. Choncho, mu 2014 ku Moscow, ntchitoyi inawonetsedwa pambuyo pake, chiwonetserocho chinali chopambana kwambiri.