Bivalves

Bivalves (elasmobranch kalasi) - zambiri pang'onopang'ono kapena nyama n'kupuma. Iwo amakhala pansi pa madamu. Kudziwika mitundu mollusks awa akuimira lero kuchuluka kwa kuposa zikwi khumi ndi zisanu. Ambiri a iwo za m'nyanja, kupatula - madzi abwino.

Bivalves ndi thupi dvustoronnesimmetrichnoe. Amakhala ndi miyendo ndi torso, mutu yafupika (yafupika). Monga ulamuliro, phazi mphero woboola pakati. Apitirira nkhono ndi wokhoza luso mwa mthunzi, burrow mu nthaka pansi pa dziwe, kukoka nyama kumbuyo. Mu toyesa zaikidwa pansi kapena kunama pa izo, phazi nthawi yafupika Pamlingo wamng'ono kapena wamkulu.

Cover bivalves wolemera zopangitsa zosiyanasiyana. Iwo secrete ntchofu ndi zinthu zina. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, kuphimba miyendo kamnetochtsev ndi zopangitsa kuti secrete asidi likhoza kuwononga laimu. Ichi chizathandiza nyama ulere kudutsa mu ovuta laimu. Nkhono ndi mbidzi mussel ndi zopangitsa kuti secrete byssus. Nkhanizi anali Unalimbitsa mu madzi mu mawonekedwe a chingwe chabwino mwa amene bivalves dwi pa gawo lapansi ndi.

Chobvala M'mimbamo njanjira ndi makutu awiri kuti popachika pa mbali. Mkati, pali makutu. Chovala M'mimbamo umachititsanso ya rectum, kapepala maliseche ndi impso ducts. Madzi likulowerera mwa gill kupopa amachotsedwa mwa kupopa cloacal amene anapanga kumbuyo m'mphepete mwa pakhoma.

nyama Sink aumbike mwa kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke awiri amene olumikizidwa kwa gulu zotanuka pamwamba kapena loko - mano omwe kutayidwa pamodzi m'mbali cham'mwamba kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke lapansi. Ambiri a anthu a magulu tsamba ndi yofanana. Komabe, mu mitundu ina, atagona pansi, ndipo iwo ali osiyana mu kukula ndi mawonekedwe.

Kuwulura kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke imachitidwa ndi zochita za kulumikiza mitsempha, amene wapatsidwa katundu zotanuka. Rapprochement amakwiya kuchepetsa zapirateley. Izi minofu wamphamvu kugwirizana kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke awiri. Kumira Kuwonjezeka chifukwa secretions a zopangitsa ili mu chovala chomwe chikumuchititsa. Zima bivalves pafupifupi musati kukula. Chifukwa, mapiko anapanga pachaka gulu. chiwerengero chawo angathe kudziwa m'badwo wa nyama.

wamanjenje dongosolo aumbike mwa magulu atatu a ganglia. Mmodzi lili kumbuyo mbali ya thupi, wachiwiri - mwendo, ndi wachitatu - pa pharynx ndi. Commissure - ndi chingwe mitsempha - kulumikiza mfundo zonse.

Mitsempha ya magazi imakhala ziwiya nkhono ndi mtima. Mu mtima kokha ventricle wina, matenda ochepa. chiwerengero chawo limafanana ndi chiwerengero cha makutu chifukwa chakuti aliyense wa iwo ukufanizidwa ndi kukula kwa mitsempha, amene achoke dongosolo kupuma. mtima ili kumbali dorsal za thupi.

Mu bivalves ndithu bwino anayamba ziwalo nzeru. maselo imalandira amwazikira mbali zosiyana za thupi. Makutu matupi mphamvu mankhwala - Osphradium. Pa statocysts phazi anayikidwa. Izi mgwirizano ziwalo. Ena oimira mollusks kusiyana ndi kukhalapo mabowo ambiri pa m'mbali mwa pakhoma.

pakamwa ili pamwamba m'munsi miyendo kutsogolo kwa torso ndi. Mbali zonse pali masamba awiri. chimakwirira awo ciliated epithelium - nsidze wake ikonza particles chakudya pakamwa. Kum'mero yochepa. Iwo chikugwirizana ndi m'mimba yaing'ono, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa ducts kwa chiwindi. Imasiyana m'mimba chilonda. Ndipamene zingwe zopota angapo, akutsikira ku mbali dorsal, umadutsa ndi ventricle ndi pericardium zapitazo ndipo itha kupopa cloacal.

Nkhono ankagwiritsa ntchito zochita za anthu a zachuma. Ambiri, monga scallops, nkhono, mamazelo kudyedwa.