Propositional mfundo

Kwa tanthauzo la mawu akuti "propositional mfundo", m'pofunika kuti timvetse bwino zimene ndi "mawu".

Choncho mfundo ndi chiganizo, lili pa nambala grammatically yolondola, ndi onyenga kapena woona. Maganizo amenewa ayenera kufotokoza tanthauzo ena. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "chingolopiyo mbalame ali" akuphatikizapo zigawo izi: "chingolopiyo" ndi "mbalame".

N'chifukwa chake imodzi mwa mfundo kiyi yoyamba ya logic ndi mukunena. mfundo izi ayenera kufotokoza vuto loti mawu akuti mwina chinachake kapena kukana.

Amaona kuti mawu oona, ngati agona mzere chenicheni cha zinthu pamene circumscribing. Paokha, "onyenga" ndiponso "woona" kudziwa choonadi cha mawu.

Propositional mfundo tichipeza mawu osavuta komanso zovuta. Choncho, tangoganizani mawu akuti sakhala ndi mu kapangidwe kake mawu ena. Ndi zovuta komanso mawu amene anachokera ku mawu osavuta nawatsimikizira chikugwirizana.

Chakale propositional mfundo akhoza ankaimira ndi chiphunzitso ambiri deduction. Ndi gawo maganizo, limene limafotokoza sikukutanthauza mawu kugwirizana lomveka la mawu osavuta.

Osati kutchula zolumikizira - zovuta akufunazo akamagwira kaphatikizidwe mawu awiri osavuta pogwiritsa ntchito mawu "ndi". Choonadi cha molumikizana ndi kutsimikizira kuti mfundo zonse m'gulu matabwa ake. Ngati kumene mmodzi wa mamembala ake wabodza, molumikizana lonse ndi chizindikiro cha "bodza."

Pawokha ndi molumikizana kupanga ziganizo zovuta, zomwe ndi zochokera mfundo izi:

- akuti aliyense (ndi yosavuta zovuta) akhoza kukhala mwina zoona kapena zabodza;

- choonadi cha mawu ovuta zimadalira choonadi cha mawu uli m'bukuli ndi maulalo zomveka mmenemo.

Pamene polumikiza mfundo ziwiri ntchito mawu akuti "kapena" kale analandira disjunction. Tsiku ndi tsiku, lingaliro ili angaonedwe pa kaonedwe matanthauzo awiri osiyana. Choyamba, tingati sanali yekha, kutanthauza choonadi cha Mawu, kaya akuti woona wa mmodzi wa awiriwo kapena iwo a ziwiri. Chachiwiri, kuchotsa ganizo ananenetsa kuti mmodzi wa mawu aja ali oona, ndi zina - ndi zabodza.

mitunduyi Propositional muli zilembo wapadera. Choncho, chizindikiro disjunction V zikusonyeza kuti mawu ali woona ngati chowonadi cha chimodzi mwa ziganizo, ndi zabodza ngati onse ake mbolo onyenga.

Kudziwa asadafe pali mfundo yakuti mawu m'munsi sizingakhale zoona pa kufufuza zolakwika. M'mawu ena, lingaliro limeneli kudalira choonadi kapena Bodza la mawu a mtengo zigawo zake ndi njira ubale wawo.

Ngakhale kuti asadafe chifukwa zothandiza kwambiri zolinga ena, si zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kumvetsa ochiritsira kulankhulana ambiri. Choncho, pamene tikukhala chipangizo yambiri ya zinthu zofunika za khalidwe lomveka la mawu anapatsidwa mfundo sangakhale ndi kufotokoza mokwanira za izo.

Propositional mfundo umalimbana kuthetsa ngati ntchito chapakati, monga kulekana kwa lolondola ndi lolakwika madera maganizo systematization choyamba. Kuti chifukwa chabwino, muyenera kuganizira otchulidwa mwapadera kuti amaimira munthu kapena mtundu wina. Choncho anasonyeza chidwi mawu amenewa wamba kuti alengeze monga "kapena", "ndipo," etc.

Zomveka mawu ngakhale uli ndi chilankhulo chake, wopangidwa mwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

- choyambirira otchulidwa - zosintha lomveka zokhazikika, ndi zizindikiro luso;

- mitunduyi.

Kumvetsa zimene zanenedwa muyenera kupita zitsanzo. Mwachitsanzo, molumikizana ntchito chizindikiro &, disjunction - \ / kapena \ º /.