Boguchany HPP: kumanga kulinganiza zinthu, foni, chithunzi, zone chigumula

Kumapeto kwa June 2016 ku Russia pa mphamvu zonse Boguchany HPP anali watsopano, anamanga pa za Angara Mtsinje, 444 Km from pakamwa pake zoni nayonso m'nkhalango. malopa mphamvu ndi TH 5 m'dziko, ndi poyerekezera ndi zida zamakono pachikhalidwe choyamba.

adiresi ya kampani

City Kodinsk Kezhemskogo District, Krasnoyarsk Gawo, kumanga m'munsi mwa gombe kumanzere, ophatikizana m'munsi nambala 1, kumanga 1 - adiresi yeniyeni "Boguchany HPP". nambala ya foni ya gulu: (39143) 7-13-93. Komanso, mudziwe akhoza analandira kudzera imelo secrdir@boges.kodinsk.kras.ru. Company Index: 663.491.

A mbiri pang'ono

Ntchito yomanga ya Boguchany hydropower chomera anali ovomerezedwa ndi USSR Utumiki wa Mphamvu mu 1969. Kunena zoona, ntchito yomanga kwambiri a malo ofunika kwa dziko inayamba mu 1974, omanga loyamba siteshoni anali antchito a bungwe "Bratskgesstroy". Ife nawatuma kwa chinthu inali pamwamba pa Ayenela-Ilimskoy HPP. yomanga ake basi pa nthawi ino kwathunthu itatha.

Malinga ndi mphamvu ntchito kwa mbewu zinali kukhala 3000 MW, ndi mlingo kuthamanga ukuyembekezeka chilemba cha 208 mamita The akamaliza ntchitoyo opangira magetsi anauika kwa 1992. Komabe., Ndi mwatsoka zovuta kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza dziko sanalole kubweretsa mapulani athu mapeto. Chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama mayendedwe a zomangamanga siteshoni anayamba pang'onopang'ono kuchepa, ndipo mu 1994 zinali pafupifupi mazira.

Kenako utsogoleri wa dziko ankaona ntchito yomanga ntchito ya siteshoni mu magawo awiri (kuti kuchepetsa ndalama). Komabe, Glavgosekspertizy chivomerezo chake sanalandire. Kuyambiranso yomanga siteshoni anali kokha mu 2007 mu chimango cha mgwirizano pagulu-payekha. A memorandum natsimikiza cholinga kutsegulanso Boguchany HPP, yosainidwa ndi kampani "Rusal" ndi RAO "UES la Russia" kwa zaka ziwiri kuti. Pa chiyambi cha siteshoni akamaliza wokonzeka anali 58%. Woyamba awiri opangira magetsi Boguchany mbewu hydropower mu 2012

siteshoni Features

Boguchany HPP, zithunzi zimene anapereka pa tsamba chinthu moona chachikulu. yomanga ake awiri lalikulu damu - rockfill (1961.3 m) ndi simenti (828.7 m). Choncho wonse siteshoni kumaliseche kutsogolo kutalika ndi 2690 m. Pa madamu onse panopa motorway. Ie HPP akutumikira monga wodalirika kwambiri ndi ulalo Angara, mmodzi yekha mu utali wozungulira 130 Km.

Station damu ali awiri spillway. Woyamba (pansi-mtundu) amakhala ndi mphamvu 7060 mamita ³ / s. The spillway chachiwiri (padziko) ali ndi kutalika mamita 90 ndipo kuzima mtsinje kudutsa therethrough.

Powerhouse ndi kamangidwe kake lililonse maofesi amenewa. Malowa ali pamtunda kumbuyo siteshoni mbali ya damu la. Pamodzi kutalika kwa nyumbayi lagawidwa m'magawo 9, aliyense amene anapereka wina wagawo ofukula hayidiroliki ndi mphamvu 333 MW. Rotatable madzi kutuluka actuated chopangira mphamvu magudumu 370 MVA. Iwo ali mphamvu ya magetsi umaperekedwa kwa tiransifoma sitepe-pansi 500 kV ndi 220 kV. Kulengezedwa kwa siteshoni mphamvu kudzera chatsekedwa mtundu switchgear moyandikana ndi ofesi ndi nyumba kupanga kumanzere mtsinje wa Angara.

zokolola

Ophatikizana mphamvu mayunitsi ngati nyumba yaikulu monga Boguchany HPP, panopa waima pa MW 3,000. Chipereka Angarskaya latsopano siteshoni 20% ya magetsi onse amene amagwiritsidwa Krasnoyarsk dera. Only kotala woyamba wa 2016, GES waika ake kuchuluka kwa kWh biliyoni 3,126.

Kutalika aakulu a damu siteshoni konkire 96 m, chochuluka -. 77 mamita Ufupi yamasika kubweretsa mlingo wa 20 m, ndi kumanga ake anatenga dongosolo la kiyubiki mamita miliyoni 30,5 dothi ³

Okonza HPP yomanga

Poyamba, chigamulo pa ntchito yomanga malopa zofunika kwa chuma cha dziko anatengedwa, monga tanenera kale, USSR Utumiki wa Mphamvu. otchedwa "Boguchangesstroy" anali kupereka Ngakhale chinthu. Iwo anapanga wa "Boguchangesstroy" Mu 1993, pa maziko a m'gulu. Mu 2002, kampani anasintha dzina lake. Pakali pano, chinthu m'kaundula monga JSC "Boguchany HPP".

M'chaka cha 2006 pakati pa "RusHydro" ndi makampani "Rusal" anasaina mgwirizano pa kugwiritsa ntchito "BEMA" ntchito, kuwonjezera pa akamaliza HPP zikuphatikizapo yomanga chomera zotayidwa Baguchanskogo. Ndalama za zinthu zonse kenako imachitika kudzera makampani zikawonongeka. ndale kotereku asankhidwa ndi kuyamba gulu "Rusal".

Malinga ndi Water Code wa ku Boguchany HPP ndi boma chuma. Choncho, makampani kuti ndalama zolipirira yekha yomanga chinthu ichi. ndalama zonse yokonza malo anasefukira kugwiridwa ndi boma.

Sikuti aliyense pomanga nyumbayo ili yofunika amayendetsa bwino. Against pomanga siteshoni pa Angara Mtsinje, makamaka, iye analimbikitsa "Greenpeace". Otchuka kampani zachilengedwe sindimakonda chakuti yomanga imeneyi chinthu chachikulu ngati iye Boguchany, zinachitikadi popanda mokakamizidwa lero mu Russian EIA ndondomeko. Komabe, pomanga siteshoni chifukwa cha zonena za "Greenpeace" sichinayambe inaimitsidwa. Okonza akamaliza HPP anafotokoza kusafuna pochitika EIA ndondomeko applicable malamulo. chakuti ntchito opangira magetsi potsiriza anavomereza m'nyengo Soviet. The malamulo malamulo amakono wakuuzani ndi EIA, ziribe mphamvu retroactive.

Ena nkhawa za ntchito yomanga a malo ndipo anasonyeza Komiti Public la Russia. bungwe, makamaka mafunso kuti anaukitsidwa za kusunga mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe m'dera la kusefukira kwa madzi komanso milandu amawaona sanali kupereka malipiro kwa alimi ndi kulephera kwa nyumba pokhala.

Kumene, kulengedwa ndi akatswiri Soviet polojekiti siteshoni mwamakhalidwe lotha zambiri pa zaka 25. Choncho, kulinganiza yaikulu yomanga Boguchany hydropower chomera (kapena kani, kupitiriza ake) - RAO "UES la Russia" - mu 2006, Institute analamula "Hydroproject" khalidwe ntchito pa updating ake.

Poyamba ngakhale amayenera kuukitsa kanjedza mbewu mphamvu mpaka 4000 MW. Komabe, chifukwa omangika nthawi yathu kwa polumikizira zofuna chigumula otaya wa akatswiri a Institute anali kupanga zina spillway nambala 2, amene sanali mu bukuli. Chifukwa, mphamvu chomera anayenera kuchepetsedwa kwa 3000 MW kachiwiri.

kufunika zachuma

Pakali pano, watsopano opangira magetsi magetsi pa Angara amapereka magetsi kwathunthu kumene yosatha Boguchansky zotayidwa mbewu, umene umabala oposa 600 zikwi. Matani zitsulo sanali akakhala pa chaka. Komanso, siteshoni transmits mphamvu kwa Taishet zomera ndi zina zambiri makampani mafakitale dera wotsika Angara.

Boguchanskaya HPP osefukira zone: Area

Ubale wa dera yomanga siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu zasintha, mwatsoka, mozama ndithu. Titamaliza siteshoni anali anasefukira makilomita 1.494 lalikulu la dziko, kuphatikizapo - 296 km² a m'mayiko olimapo, msipu hayfields. Anataya kundipatsako kwa mitengo ndi zitsamba anali 9,56 mcm ^3. Wina 10 miliyoni ^M3 ya nkhalango anali kudula mu 80 a m'nthawi otsiriza, kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yomanga siteshoni.

Panopa kasamalidwe JSC «Boguchany HPP" amakakamizidwa kuthetsa kuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya mavuto chilengedwe amene anayambika pambuyo kumanga madamu. Mwachitsanzo, mu zoni osefukira mwa m'madzi ena anatembenuka 96 Km ² peatland. Ndithudi, izi pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti kuipitsa mtsinje. Peat monga chuma kuwala kwambiri ndi madambo ena (okwana m'dera lawo - 13 Km ²⁾ anayamba chabe tiwolokere pamwamba. Malinga ndi zachilengedwe kupitiriza mnjira zoipa adzakhala osachepera wina kwa zaka 20. Panopa, kuti yeretsani ntchito mtsinje towage ndi kuphatikiza zilumba peat umachitika nthawi.

posungira

Area Boguchansky posungira ndi 2326 Km ^2. A mbali yaikulu ya lili Krasnoyarsk Gawo (1961 Km ^2). Utali Boguchansky mosungiramo - 375 Km. Choncho buku zake zonse - 58,2 Km ³ ndi zothandiza - 2.3 Km ^3. Kudzazidwa posungira pomanga siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu zinachitika mu magawo awiri. Mu 2012, mlingo wake yafupika mlingo wa 185 m, ndi mu 2015-mamita -. 208 mamita polojekiti Panopa Boguchansky mosungiramo ikuchitika lamulo tsiku la utuluke mtsinje ndi nyengo - lateral flowage. Kusinthasintha mu mlingo wa opangidwa nyanja mwa chaka musalumphe 1 m.

midzi anthu mu zone chigumula

Pomanga Boguchany hydropower chomera anali chifukwa kuti madzi anatenga midzi 29 ndi midzi. 25 iwo zili m'dera Krasnoyarsk and 4 - m'dera Irkutsk. Ndi kuthetsa yaikulu ndi anasefukira pakati chigawo Kezhma.

A okwana zone osefukira zidatunsidwa 12173 munthu. Anthu ambiri unatengedwa kuchokera dera la posungira tsogolo m'zaka lomaliza. Mu zaka 80 kuchokera m'deralo pafupifupi 8,000 anthu anakhazikika. Pa nthawi imeneyo anthu anapatsidwa nyumba yatsopano m'midzi yapafupi ndi m'midzi. Mu 2008-2011. wina Anthu 4905 anasamutsidwa ndi malo anasefukira. Pa nthawi imeneyi, nyumba inaperekedwa yekha m'mizinda. Mu 2012, nyumba ina anasamukira anthu 194, ndipo kenako - kwambiri 1,500.

mzinda Kodinsk

Kuchepa kwa wambirimbiri olimapo ndi kufunika kusiya malo ukhale anthu masauzande - izo ziri chonchi zotsatira ndipo zinachititsa osefukira. Boguchany HPP Komabe, tsiku, anapatsidwa chabe kuchuluka yaikulu mphamvu, m'pofunika kuti chuma cha dziko. Mulimonsemo, akukhulupirira kuti pomanga a malo ofunika, ngakhale imfa simuchita, anali chuma wolungamitsidwa.

China chirichonse pafupi atangochimwa siteshoni, anamanganso lalikulu tauni yatsopanoyo. Dzina lake wawuka mwa mzinda nayonso mphamvu Kodinsk. yomanga ake inayamba mu 1977. Pakali pano, mabusa a kummawa zili makilomita 8 kuchokera anasefukira floodplain Angara.

Mu 2016 mu Kodinsk, malingana ndi kuwerengera kunali kale anthu pafupifupi 16 227. Kuwonjezera nzika opangira magetsi ndi mwayi ntchito pa m'deralo makampani nkhuni processing, mu "Alliance U" LLC, ndi ankapitabe olowa "Biwa" ndipo mu nthambi ya LLC "Siberia DOZ +". m'tawuni ali cinemas, masukulu, kindergartens, masitolo ambiri specializations osiyanasiyana.

M'mabwinja ndi mbiri yakale zinthu

Isanafike mapangidwe Boguchansky mosungiramo osefukira m'gawo akhala akufufuza kuphatikizapo zofukulidwa zikuluzikulu. Asayansi anaphunzira 40 chikwi. Km ² m'dziko, ndipo anafotokoza zoposa 130 akatswiri a zinthu zakale. Komanso, ndiponso kafukufuku ethnographic inkachitikira. Chifukwa m'dera chigumula zowawa zinthu zingapo zofunika a zomangamanga matabwa.

Kodi Boguchany siteshoni opangira magetsi mphamvu ili?

Kuyambira izi chomera hydropower mu Angarsk kugwa ndi wachinayi m'munsi mbali yake. Kupatula Ayenela-Elias siteshoni kumtunda kwa Boguchany alinso Bratsk ndi Irkutsk. zomera hydropower lili Kodinsk siteshoni mtsinje. Pa nthawi imeneyi intersects Angar lalikulu thanthwe massif wa ordovika ndi miyala nyanja Mathanthwe nthawi. Pa mlingo wa posungira wa m'lifupi mtsinjewo 2-3 Km. Miyala mu malo awa wosakanikirana ndi bedi ali pafupi kwambiri. M'mphepete kumanzere pali masitepe yaing'ono. Kwenikweni ndi okuya kwambiri ndi kwakukulu. Pakuti akatemera pa yokha (pambuyo pake) Angar anawonjezera 10 Km.

Impact pa zachilengedwe a m'dera

Ngati zomera ina hydropower, Boguchany ndi amadza yaikulu chilengedwe. The topezeka a m'dera pambuyo yomanga siteshoni lasintha kwambiri. Ngakhale nayonso mtsinje malo umene wakhala apa kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka ankatembenukira kwa nyanja. Zimenezi, zinachititsa kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha rheophilous (amakonda madzi kudya) nsomba. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, mwamwayi, izo wakula kwa anthu limnophilic (nyanja).

Khalidwe la madzi posungira anatsimikiza makamaka ndi chiyero mu zone chigumula inali pamwamba pa Ayenela-Ilimskoy HPP. Zimenezi ndi chifukwa otsika inflow Angara mu malo awa. Chitsimikizo cha chilimbikitso chotilonjeza zachilengedwe, lawola pa pansi pa mosungiramo matabwa ndi Pop-mmwamba kuwaika, kumene, pa ubwino wa chikoka madzi. Komabe, tsoka lililonse zachilengedwe mu nkhani iyi, nkuti, ndithudi, si koyenera.

Mu 6-8 Km padziko posungira, mwa zina zasintha pang'ono ndi nyengo. A wambirimbiri madzi "zimatenga" nyengo. Chilimwe pafupi ndi chinthu anali wozizira pang'ono, ndi kugwa - otentha. Chifukwa cha kumaliseche kwa madzi mu mtsinje pansipa HPS anaonekera yaitali yozizira koopsa kanjira. Waukulu zoipa zotsatira za zodabwitsazi wakhala kuwonjezeka kwa masiku chifunga m'dera m'miyezi yotentha.