Borovsky obisika. Atate Blasius - Borovsky obisika. Mkulu wa agulupa Borowski

Mbiri ya agulupa Pafnuteva Borovskogo, komanso tsogolo la anayambitsa anasonyeza zochitika modabwitsa. Iwo anatchula m'mbiri ya dziko la Russia. Chipilala otchuka ulemerero ndi kachisi wauzimu imatengedwa nyumba ya kubadwa kwa Yesu mwa ambiri Koyera Virgin ndi lalikulu Chudotvortsa Pafnutiya.

Siteji koyamba za kukula mwauzimu anayambitsa agulupa a

Borovsky obisika dzina lake polemekeza St. Paphnutius, amene anabadwa mu mudzi wa Kudinovo (za 4 makilomita m'tauni ya Borovsk) mu banja kupembedza wolemekezeka. Pa nthawi ya ubatizo, wochita zozizwitsa dzina lake Parthenius. Iye anali agogo amene, malinga ndi nkhani zakale, anali Chitata Baskakov, analandira chikhulupiriro chikale. Pamene zaka Parfeny makumi awiri, analowa High-Pokrovka Borovsky obisika, kumene anatenga kumene kumakhala Amonke zowinda ndi wotchula dzina latsopano - Pafnutii. The abbot anaona mtima ndi a mnyamatayo, anamupatsa Mlangizi - nkhalamba, Nikita, amene kwa zaka naintini anali woyang'anira wa Serpukhov Vysotsky obisika ndipo anapita kwa mwana wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh.

Moyo wa St.

Patatha zaka makumi awiri a moyo mwauzimu Pafnutii mwauzimu wauka kwa mlingo wa "kuphunzitsa mwamuna wake." Metropolitan Photius, yemwe anali woyang'anira mchitidwe onse Orthodox mu Russia, kupereka iye ulemu kukhala abbot wa agulupa lapansi. Mu 1444 a Chimonko kumanzere agulupa Pokrovsky pa lamulo la Mulungu. Iye sanakhale kutali, m'malo m'chipululu, kumene mtsinje imaphwera mu Isterma Protva, mamailosi atatu kuchokera Borovsk. Posachedwa pali malo wakhazikitsidwa kwambiri. Kenako kuwonjezera dzina la mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin inamangidwa pa behest wa Metropolitan Yona.

Paphnutius zaufulu renunciation moyo chidziko anali wankhanza kwambiri, koma mosamalitsa anaona achipembedzo posonyeza malamulo, malangizo onse. Monga Mtetezi wa malamulo, iye sanamuzindikire Metropolitan Yona, pamene anali osankhidwa, koma osati ovomerezedwa ndi kholo la Constantinople, amene anaimirira pamalo okwera amonke onse Russia.

Woyera amachita Paphnutii

Deti la maziko a obisika Borowski, tikambirana 1444. Paphnutius otchedwa nyumba yake kwachiyero Mayi wa Mulungu. Pa osankhidwa munda woyera anagwira ntchito yake kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu. Iye opatulidwira agulupa ndi mapemphero awo ndi ntchito, limodzi ndi anabweretsa ubale wa onse mu kumvera ndi kuopa Mulungu.

Atalandira zidziwitso kwa Ambuye Pafnuti za imfa yake zam'tsogolo, anakhala nthawi otsala mu pemphero chosatha ndi kusala kudya, kulangiza ophunzira. Rev. anayika ziyembekezero za moyo wake ndipo anam'patsa ku obisika pa Mulungu ndi amayi ambiri Koyera iye. Iye anakhala, yokondweretsa Ambuye miyoyo ya wokonda moyo wodzimana, wa zaka 82. Panthawi imeneyi, Paphnutius abale kuchokera nainte-faifi.

Kulambira woyera pa moyo wake

Poyerekezera ndi anthu wamba Paphnutius anali wankhanza. Kuchokera boyars ndi akalonga, iye adakana mphatso ndiponso makalata. Ngakhale kuti amonke Orthodox anatsegulidwa Russia anali kale kuchuluka, izo ndi malo a Paphnutii kutchuka kwambiri. Makamaka mutawerenga ena akalonga opambana amene anakwezedwa udindo wa banja la M'busa woyera. Ivan Grozny yekha amati anabadwa zikomo mapemphero a akulu Paphnutius. Mfumu pachikhalidwe dzina lake ndi gulu la oyeramtima wamkulu amene anali kulondera onse amuna a Moscow mchitidwe umenewu (iwo mulinso Cyril Belozersky ndi Sergiy Radonezhsky).

Kwa zaka 18, Paphnutius anaphunzitsidwa maphunziro Ionian Iosif Volotsky. Kenako, iye anakhala mpingo wawukulu chithunzi. Yosefe anatenga Bohr obisika pambuyo wogoneka Paphnutius mu 1477.

Novices ndi mbali ya woyera kwambiri

Ndi tonsures Paphnutii monga:

1. Joseph Vassian Sanin, amene anali mlembi kufotokoza za moyo wa St ..

2. Rev. Davide, amene anayambitsa Ascension chipululu.

3. Godfather Ivana Groznogo.

4. M'busa Daniel, yemwe adayambitsa Utatu ansembe yotchedwa m'gawo la Pereslavl-Zaleski.

Pafnutii amavomereza mgwirizano pansi pa ulamuliro wa Moscow fiefdoms, choncho anali mtsogoleri wa mafumu ang'onoang'ono. Mu 1467 Bohr obisika kudzadza ndi mwala Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa dzina Virgin. Zamkatimu anamuitana wotchuka pamene iconographer Mitrofanii. A woganiza kwambiri ndi wojambula anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe obisika mu mwambo wapadera luso. Anthu amene zinapatsira ndi zakuya ake, anali St. Macarius. Iye alinso tonsures mkulu Paphnutius. Kenako Makarios anatsogolera Russian Orthodox Church (1542 ndi 1563).

Paphnutius kulambira atamwalira

moyo mkulu wake Borovsky obisika m'manja Mulungu woyamba wa May (akale kalembedwe kalendala) mu 1477, madzulo, ola likamalowa.

Mulungu analenga kupyolera woyera wake wa zozizwitsa zambiri, kusiya kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo chitsanzo cha moyo zimukondweletsa iye. About Pafnutiev kukumbukira wopatulika ulipo mpaka lero. Mulungu adzakhala malo ake mobwerezabwereza ndikuzitsatira kuyambira chitayiko. Pakali pano, Ambuye ndi pemphero woyera ndi predstatel kwa anthu onse amene amakonda ndi chikhulupiriro kubwera kwa Iye.

Chiyambi cha mbiri waukulu wa agulupa ya

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi Pafnutiev (Borovsky) ansembe yotchedwa anakhala mmodzi wa olemera ndi otchuka mu Russia. Apa ndi pamene mu 1513, chilimwe patsogolo patsogolo ndi malangizo a Smolensk, anasiya mphamvu zazikulu za mphamvu mwayekha zomwe zinachititsa Basil lachitatu. Amonke a m'dera Kaluga pa nthawi anali mokwanira kutetezedwa ku nkhondo ya pomenyana ndi adani. Koma zinthu zinasintha posachedwa zokwanira. Pakuti theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi Borovsky obisika unazunguliridwa ndi makoma mwala ndipo akukonzani ndi nsanja. Iye pamalo oonekera mu mzinda kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Moscow. Walls ndi nsanja anavutika kwambiri pa mavuto akulu, koma anamanganso m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, mbadwa ya Kashin Shaturinym Trofimov, amene anachokera ku banja la anthu osema miyala ndi katswiri woona za luso lake.

obisika Zomangamanga

Agulupa inamangidwa 1511 nyumba ya dzina la Khirisimasi. Komanso anamanga refectory zazikulu. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chomwecho, mpingo tchalitchi anamangidwanso. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa zotsogola kwambiri panthawi imeneyo. Ozungulira ndi mizati inayi, Borowski kunyumba anali zomangamanga ngati zimene makhalidwe bwino kunachokera tchalitchi, chigawo chimodzi cha boma la Russia. Mu 1651 iye anajambula frescoes, ndipo mu 1651 anamanga kanjira kumpoto dzina la Woyera Great Martyr Irene. The zikuchokera zomangamanga wa tchalitchi m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi anathyola reworking wa domes ndi chilengedwe cha khonde.

imfa kwambiri

Pamene Borovsk mu July 1610 anabwera Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II, yotchuka wotchedwa Tushino, asilikali ake analibe mphamvu zokwanira komanso mipata kutenga linga-obisika. Izi zinachitika kokha pamene akuluakulu okha oukira anatsegula zipata. Mu obisika munali nkhondo wosiyana. Mphamvu ya asilikali masauzande angapo akuphedwa ndi anthu am'deralo onse, amene anabisala mu obisika, ndi abale. Prince Volkonskiy Mihail amene anatsogolera chitetezo kunkhondo anaphedwa mu tchalitchi. Nikon adafanso archimandrite (abbot wa agulupa), ndipo Yosefe, amene anali kumbuyo Utatu-Sergio obisika. Anaukira asilikali anaba chuma onse. Pa udzatha yemweyo nthawi ndi zikalata za agulupa ya yapsya moto. Ndi chizindikiro cha kulemekeza chikumbukiro cha ungwazi wa Prince Volkonsky ndi chitetezo izi Borovsk nawo malaya yake ya m'manja. Iwo amaonetsera chizindikiro cha kukhulupirika - mtima ndi mtanda lathuli ndi mlombwa wreath.

The heyday pambuyo nthawi chisoni

Atawonongedwa Pafnutiev obisika kuti linali obwezeretsedwa, koma anakumana ndi nyengo ya chitukuko. Izo zinachitika m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Ngakhale gulu loyimba kamangidwe ka obisika unapangidwa, umene sanasinthe mpaka tsopano. alendo ake m'nthawi ya 19, ananena kuti anali bwino kwambiri ndi aukhondo ankaona wapadera kwambiri kupanda mantha, bata ndi mtendere. Mu 17-19 zaka Pafnutiev (Borowski) kunyumba wotchuka frescos kawirikawiri ndi mafano, ndi olemera laibulale sacristy. Ndi agulupa mu 1744, alimi 11,000 anauzidwa. Mpaka tsopano ife sizinawakhudze mayina a olambira otchuka pa nthawi. Komabe, pa maziko a mtundu wa mzimu mu obisika monga kusintha moyo chete, inu mukhoza kuwona momwe likunena ndipo mwakachetechete ntchito za kumvera ndi mautumiki kumene kumakhala Amonke unaturuka miyoyo yawo.

akaidi

Mu zaka 1666-1667 m'ndende Borovsky obisika uli wotchuka Avvakum. Kenako ananditumiza ku ndende Pustozerya. Komanso womangidwa m'ndende obisika, malinga ndi malamulo a mfumu, anali Boyarynya Morozova, amene analimbikira magawano. Komanso, ndende anali mlongo ndi mwamuna wake Urusov musketeers msilikali Daniel. Izi akuvutika chifukwa cha otsutsa propaganda m'dzinja 1675, ndipo anafera pomwepo ndi njala.

kusintha

obisika ngakhale atawonongedwa onse zambiri. Iwo sanakhoze kulepheretsa, ndi atatu nthawi anawazunza wa asilikali Napoleon mu 1812. Monga 1610, ndiye agwidwa agulupa wamwamuna (chithunzi Paphnutii obisika mukhoza kuona m'nkhani) Inatenthanso laibulale. Koma anawonongera wamkulu kale. Mu 1932 obisika zinali kutsekedwa. Mu owonetsera zakale lake linaikidwa gawo. Kenako, agulupa anasanduka msasa yaukapolo. Ndiye iye anakonza sukulu mechanization, amene ankaphunzira ulimi. Agulupa necropolis anali anagwetsa ndi malo ake anali atamanga nyumba maphunziro a sukulu mu 1935.

Chitsitsimutso cha obisika a akhala kuteteza. Ndipo anathandizapo Paphnutius oyera. Usiku wa pa 13 May 14, 1954, tsiku lokumbukira mmonke zitagwa chapakati mzikiti wa Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu. Ataima zida kachisi wokwatibwa ndi koleji, ndinali wosweka. Ntchito yobwezeretsa inayamba mu 1960.

wauzimu kukhazikitsidwa

Ulimi College udachokamo mu dera la obisika Borowski mu 1991. M'chaka cha chaka chomwecho, amonke loyamba anayamba kubwera kwa iye. Wophiphiritsira poika kazembe woyamba wa agulupa ya Abbot Nikon (Khudyakov mu dziko). Iye anali mwana wauzimu wa Archimandrite Ambrose. Ndiyeno, anali womaliza kumanzere kwa ansembe a obisika, amene analipo isanafike kutsekedwa ake. Choncho kupitiriza wauzimu anapulumutsidwa. Mpingo wa St. Mneneri Eliya, omwe m'nyumba zotsalira za St. Paphnutius, wopatulidwa ku 1991 chakhumi ndi chitatu wa April. Ndinatuluka Metropolitan Kaluzhskiy Kliment ndi Borovsk wa Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa, kumene mpaka pamenepo.

M'chaka cha 1994 ku tchalitchi potsiriza ayamba yaitali yosangalala ndi wapadera kulambira. Iwo anamanga iconostasis, chomwe tiers atatu, namanga nyumba yopemphereramo polemekeza Paphnutius. The mabelu anali kukazikoloŵeka mu malo mu 1996.

Woyera ansembe yotchedwa nyese

Mu 1994 iye anawoloka chidzatha liti awiri - zaka mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu kuchokera pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa obisika, ndi mazana asanu ndi kubadwa kwa St. Paphnutius. Pa nthawiyi, Borovsky obisika anapita Alexy II - kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia. Iye anapanga chionetsero ndi mapemphero wapadera.

Malo ya agulupa akale amene anakhazikitsidwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu m'ma Pafnutiem Borovskim, ndi lero ndi kwabasi ndipo chete. Chiyambireni kuli obisika a, amaitana monga maginito, aulendo ku Russia ndi kunja (onse apafupi ndi akutali), amene anapita obisika kwa anthu ena akatundu moyo. Iwo anabwera ku makoma obisika kumasuka ku mavuto, kuponya kuchokera mapewa awo katundu nkhawa tsiku ndi tsiku, kusangalala mumtima chete namolennye malo kwa zaka zambiri.

Kulambira ndi ulendo

Wotchuka Kaluga dera? Borovsky ansembe yotchedwa, limene lili m'gawo lake, malo a Haji kwa anthu a m'madera ozungulira, ndi mizinda ina komanso m'mayiko. Ngakhale mu Moscow kupita uko kuti amalambira zotsalira za Paphnutius ndi kuteteza utumiki, lomwe wolamulira wake ndi bambo a Blasius. Bohr obisika limafalitsa ndandanda ake olambirira tsiku mu nyuzipepala awo "Herald", ndipo ngakhale Internet pa malo boma. Pamene obisika akuchita Sunday sukulu ana. Mukhozanso kumvetsera nkhani za akuluakulu pa obisika, kuti achite view olowa za mafilimu atsogoleri ndi kukambirana. Mu 2011, obisika anakhazikitsa Orthodox kumuwombera Borowski m'mphepete, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa achinyamata, zochokera zolinga kutumikira anthu ndi ena.

Kuthandiza ana amphatso ndi achinyamata

Nthawi ya chilimwe ku obisika atenge gulu la ana, m'gululi ndi amisiri wamng'ono, amene anaphunzira ku Art School of Kaluga. Akamagwira Zochita othandiza m'deralo. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi mu obisika bungwe Ana hema Field kukonda dziko lako Orthodox msasa amatchedwa "Stratilat". Chaka chilichonse wakhazikika anthu oposa makumi anai. katatu kale unachitikira msonkhano "Pafnutevgrad" mnyamata Orthodox anthu anatenga gawo mu msasa m'munsi kuyambira 2011.

Activities ndi zikondwerero la kumalo oyera

Mu Pafnutevskom obisika ankachita ntchito yosindikiza. Iwo limafalitsa magazini kwa "Sitima" ana, nyuzipepala kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi, "Borovsky wophunzitsa" mlungu "Herald" ndi mabuku a malangizo auzimu. Chaka chonse amwendamnjira akhoza kupanga ulendo wa agulupa, kumene iye ntchito ndi zithunzi buku masitolo, laibulale. Komanso, Bohr obisika ndi kulinganiza waukulu kuwerenga maphunziro mchigawo. mwambo wapachaka mpingo umalimbana chitukuko cha makhalidwe abwino ndiponso wauzimu pakati pa anthu. Pa zikondwelelo wamkulu monga Chikumbutso Tsiku Paphnutius ndi Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Amayi a Mulungu, mu obisika a okutidwa ndi magome mu chodyera cha obwera onse.

Kaluga dera, agulupa. bambo Blasius

Chithunzithunzi-archimandrite Blasius (Peregontsev mu dziko) anabadwa pa February 8, 1934. Banja bogosluzhitelya anali wokhulupirira. Agogo ake - chithunzithunzi-sisitere. Iye anabweretsedwa kuchokera m'badwo woyambirira Blasius mu kupembedza ndi chikhulupiriro. Iwo anali kubisa m'nyengo Soviet. Pambuyo sukulu Peregontsev pasukulu zachipatala Smolensk. Wansembe tsogolo anapita mobisa kupemphera tchalitchi.

mfundo inauzidwa Rector wa Institute, anayamba baiting wophunzira wokhulupirika. Izi zinali zosavomerezeka kwa Peregontseva, ndi chifukwa anaganiza kusiya sukulu ndi kupita kudera Tambov. Kumeneko anakumana ndi bambo ake Hilarion (asodzi), amene analandira kupereka apite kuchigawo Carpathian. Titafika ku agulupa ya Agia Lavra ndi Flora wophunzira wakale anasintha dzina lake. Chifukwa chisankho anali kulengeza mu kufufuza m'dzikolo. Patapita zaka zingapo Blasius bambo tonsured mu chovala cha dzina chomwecho St. Sebaste.

Chiyambi cha njira wauzimu Peregontseva

Kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka pano nthawi mutu wa mkulu Blasius Borovsky obisika. Koma atafika Mulingo wa skhiarhimandrita? Kukhala munthu wauzimu, dokotala kukhumudwa anali kumvera kwa m'bale adagona bambo ake Hilarion. Pa kuzunza mpingo, pamene Khrushchev anali mu mphamvu, obisika zinali kutsekedwa. Blaise anakakamizika kubwerera ku Smolensk ndipo adzachira zikalata. The akuluakulu a boma lovomerezeka anamufunsa kusiya moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke ndi kupitiriza maphunziro awo ku bungwe lija, koma iye anakana. Blasius anali kupereka pagulu ndi Bishop Gideoni, amene anamutengera ku tchalitchi wake. Chithunzithunzi-archimandrite utumiki tsogolo anayamba kukonza guwa lansembe. Kenako iye anadzakhala salimo-wowerenga, pamenepo regent, dikoni, ndiye wansembe ndi cellmate. Pamene Gideoni mu 1972 Anam'samutsira m'dera la Novosibirsk, pamodzi naye anapita ku Siberia ndi Blasius bambo. Kenako iye anaikidwa kuti akatumikile pa Cathedral Tobolsk St. Basil a.

Last obisika mkulu

Pamene, m'chaka cha 1991 Metropolitan Kliment wa Kaluga ndi Borovsk anadalitsa Blaise Pafnutyevo pa chitetezo cha obisika, zinali anthu ambiri amapita ku tchalitchi. Onse a iwo anali kusowa thandizo lauzimu. Mu 1998 anasiya atate wake Vlasiy Borovskoy obisika ndipo anapita kuphiri la Athos. Apo, mwa ansembe anakhalako zaka zisanu. Kenako anabwerera ku Pafnutiev obisika, komwe mpaka lero. Chokumanako ndi bambo kuyang'ana Vlasov zikwi olambira kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. Ena kwa munthu wakale kuchotsa matenda osachiritsika, ena - kuti malangizo othandiza pa chigamulocho wa zochitika zofunika chidziko. Ambiri amaona amatilimbikitsa nkhope yake. Pakuti aliyense parishioner Vlas ndi kulephera yosavuta yankho.

mayunitsi zamakono

Near mpanda wa agulupa, mu paki paini, yomwe ili pa phiri munda. Ndi munda wathunthu, limene zogona ndodo, senohranilische, farmyard ndi ng'ombe, mahatchi, nkhumba, nkhuku nyumba, minda ndi dziwe wamoyo.

Pa pansi pa refectory wa agulupa ya ili prosfornya, komanso buledi. Mu iwo zosowa za agulupa ndi wogonera mkate, makeke, muffins, mapayi. Zambiri za ntchito chikachitika pamanja. Technology mtanda komanso kubwezeretsedwa kwa kupesa popanda Kuwonjezera a yisiti omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu masiku akale.