T-55: specifications luso, zithunzi ndi mbiri ya

Soviet thanki T-55 ndi malonda zilipo kuchokera 1958 mpaka 1979. Ndi wolowa mmalo mwa nkhondowo galimoto T-54, koma chimaposa m'njira zambiri. Lachitsanzo latsopano ali zosagwiritsa wamphamvu kwambiri (adaponya chinawonjezeka ndi 60 ndiyamphamvu). Akweza injini thanki T-55 anawonjezera maneuverability. Movement liwiro pa mtunda akhakula komanso kuchuluka.

wamakono zina

The Madivelopa anali ndi ntchito - posachedwapa kuti akonze mabuku a thanki ndi imapanga mkulu nkhondo. Mu kuwongolera patsogolo mu nyumba akasinja zina, poyimitsa anaikidwa, potero kwambiri kuchuluka mafuta malo. Zipolopolo mfuti waukulu linawonjezeka katemera 34 kuti 43. M'malo akasinja mpweya ntchito poyambitsa injini, kompresa waikidwa. The turret ali zachilendo wina pa nthawi - dongosolo basi sprinkler "Rosa", limene liri pamene lawi maliseche yomweyo anapeza gwero la moto ndipo chimatha imatsogoleredwa ndege ya moto moto.

cheza

Koma kusintha chofunika kwambiri chinali unsembe wa nyukiliya, chitetezo ndi ya Geiger owerengera, kukonza mlingo wa X-ray. Ankhondo mphamvu thanki ..silinaona pa nkhondo ya cheza kamwazi, koma adalira akanatha anataya mphamvu thupi kugwira ntchito yake. Kuyambira tiganizira izi nsanja T-55 anali ndisanabadwe mkati zigawo wapadera mbale kutsogolera embodying Popanga madzi a gamma kunyezimira.

Anti-ndege, mikono ang'onoang'ono

Kuteteza nkhondowo galimoto zofuna mwatsatanetsatane, kuphatikizapo kwa adani kuchokera kumwamba. Komabe, kunja kwa manja yaing'ono linathetsedwa wokhazikika odana ndege makina mfuti mtundu DShKM pansi ndege kuchuluka asilikali imathamanga chakale ndipo anakhala opanda ntchito lingaliro. Komabe, zaka khumi kenako, pamene ndege gunships, onyamula odana ndi bomba mfuti anabwezedwa. Wononga makina anaulukira otsika, ndi kuponyera pansi yoponya mabomba sikunali kovuta.

A mbiri pang'ono

A m'ziwawa kuŵeta T-55 akasinja zinatumizidwa mu USSR mu 1958 pa zomera chitetezo nambala 75, nambala 174 ndi nambala 183. nkhani inatenga mpaka 1979. Monga anachokera ku conveyor magalimoto zikwi makumi awiri. T-55 thanki, amene aikidwa chithunzi pa tsamba, ankagwiritsa zimagulitsidwa. Modern kumenyana makina a Soviet popanga ofunitsitsa kugula mayiko onse a Warsaw ke, komanso mayiko Arab.

Kugwiritsa sing'anga thanki T-55, kupatula mu Soviet Union anayamba mayiko ena anzake Soviet Union. Nkhaniyi inathetsedwa mu Poland, mu nthawi kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1978 anasonkhana mayunitsi 1,500. Mu Romania, kuyambira mu 1970 mpaka 1977 - 400 magalimoto nkhondo. Mu Czechoslovakia, 1700 mayunitsi zinalembedwa pa zomera Martin kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1973 pansi chilolezo.

T-55: makhalidwe

Lachitsanzo T-55 ankagwira ntchito mofanana ndi kuloŵedwa m'malo T-54, izo kupeza mkulu mlingo wa kugwirizana kwa zida zosinthira, mayunitsi ndi mayunitsi payekha. Osiyanasiyana zakuthupi kalekale wamba. Mu zikalata, maulendo ndi zojambula makina ikhale T-54/55. Izi zimatithandiza kupanga za chitsanzo watsopano, monga dongosolo lonse mizere msonkhano kale ntchito kunja.

Ngakhale wosuta Buku T-55 thanki pa zinthu zonse agwirizane ndi T-54. Ambiri kusintha chitsanzo watsopano monga analipo mosiyana magawo zofunika ntchito zawo zokhudza makina zina. Thanki T 55 zojambula zomwe anakopera kuchokera pachiyambi anapezazo n'zofanana unali wofanana kubwereza kwa T-54.

M'munsimu muli magawo waukulu achidule wa T-55:

• chiwerengero cha anthu mu adalira - 4;
• Warhead kulemera - matani 36,5;
• thanki kutalika ndi mfuti - 9000 mamilimita;
• Only kutalika kwa thupi - 6200 mamilimita;
• kutalika kwa mzere wa zimaswa nsanja - 2218 mamilimita;
• m'lifupi - 3270;
• ulendo kutalika - 500 mamilimita;
• kutayipa chida chachikulu - D10T2S / NP;
• mfuti turret oti muli nazo zida, kuwombola munthu, ndi coaxial, mtundu SGMT, 7,62;
• ya nkhondowo - 43 akatemera;
• mfuti zipolopolo - 3,500 zipolopolo za zipolopolo;
• powerplant - mtundu B-54, dizilo;
• Engine mphamvu - 580 malita. p.;
• kufulumizitsa pafupi pazipita wa, - 50 km / ola panjira yokutidwa ndi phula.
• osiyanasiyana - 480 Km;
• kuthamanga yeniyeni - 0,81 makilogalamu / masentimita ^2;
• chikhulupiriro kugonjetsa zopinga - chipupa ndi umodzi, kutalika - 0,8 mamita; ngalande m'lifupi - mamita 2,7;
• fording - 1.5 mamita;
• kupsyolela - 30 madigiri;
• Growth - madigiri 32.

Thanki T-55, makhalidwe a omwe mosalekeza bwino, wakhala kwambiri anafuna kumenyana makina mapeto a makumi asanu mu maiko a ku Ulaya.

zosintha

Mu 1961, pa maziko a T-55 analengedwa ndi T-62 ndi makhalidwe bwino. Lachitsanzo anapangidwa molumikizana ndi T-55 mpaka 1983. Kenako kwambiri wamakono kumenyana galimoto zinachitikadi, ndipo motero, zosintha latsopano: 55M-T, T-55AM ndi T-62M, amene akusiyana kumatheka firepower ndi digiri apamwamba a chitetezo popanda imfa ya kuyenda. chitetezo chabe Enanso zosungitsa, yogwira inkakhala ndi ya "thrush" ndi mortars awiri, rechargeable awiri 107 millimeter zipolopolo lililonse, komanso lalikulu-antiaircraft makina mfuti. Kuwonjezera akasinja zida zankhondo anali Ufumuyo machitidwe awiri osiyana Rada.

Kenako T-55M anayamba kukonzekeretsa kuipidwa wangwiro anakwanitsa 9K116 mikono "phata", ndipo T-62M akonzedwa "Sheksna" ndi makhalidwe ofanana, koma ndi mphamvu zambiri mu kuchitapo. zinthu ziŵiri zili ndi 100 mm rifled mbiya ndi 115 mm smoothbore mfuti. kuwombera Choyamba mbiya - motsogozedwa ndi chida 9M117. Makhalidwe multistage projectile ndi dzuwa kwambiri chiwonongeko. chida The umalamulidwa ndi theka-zodziwikiratu dongosolo laser malangizo.

zipangizo

Komanso manja chogunda, T-55M ali okonzeka ndi chida chopezera osiyanasiyana KTD-2 ballistic kompyuta BV 55, maso 32PV TSHSM stabilizer ndi M1 "Kuwombera Star". T-62 ndi okonzeka ndi maso 41PV TSHSM ndi ballistics Chiwerengero BV 62. Laser rangefinders pa akasinja onse kuphimba mtunda wa mamita 500 kuti 4000 ndi lolondola okwaniritsa mamita 10.

toŵerengera Ballistic kupereka kudziwika basi wa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino pamaso ndi deta mbali patsogolo pa kuwomba zida zankhondo zipolopolo, koma simungathe kuwerengera njira yodutsamo wa oongoka chida ndege.

Anti-ndege makina mfuti pamene kuwombera moyenera yopingasa akhoza womangidwa kwa deta ballistic computer, koma kuwombera malangizo mokulirapo titsimikize mwa kuonerera zithunzi.

zolakwa

Large likungosonyeza odana ndege mfuti wokwera pa nsanja, anapereka ndi zipolopolo mazana atatu zipolopolo mu lamba, decomposed mu mabokosi. Chowombelera anaphunzira mawu a kuwombera mu Kasupe kakang'ono, monga wochepa thupi yaitali mbiya mfuti ali omangidwa usavutike ndi queues yaitali ndi opunduka. Ziziyenda kutentha pa mikono wokwera zotchinga kutentha.

kusungitsa

Kuwonjezera pa Protection analipo a thanki kupanga T-55 nthawi zonse anali modernized kangapo mawu a phindu lake. Nthawi yotsiriza anawonjezera zida chitetezo unakhazikitsidwa mu 1985. gawo Upper lingafanane mazunzo mapepala 30 millimeters wandiweyani. Zida zina ili pa mbali zonse za embrasure chida chachikulu, pafupi thunthu. Mbali ya ndingaliro ndi kuyeza zipolopolo zonse za mdani, kupatula chokhala ndi owononga zotsatira zomwe sungathe zopanda.

Koma posakhalitsa, ndi akasinja T-55M anayamba kukonzekeretsa protivokumulyativnymi zowonetsera mphira nsalu zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu zigawo angapo kudutsa kutsogolo kwa galimoto nkhondo. Mphamvu ya chitetezo ili m'kalatayo zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero pamalowa. Zipolopolo zipolopolo kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita 150, kudula mu mphira "mphasa", wataya pafupi makumi atatu peresenti ya mphamvu yake, ndi zigawo maziko a zida anakhalabe wopanda kudzera maenje.

zida adalira

Thanki chitukuko mwapadera kwa T-55 chinaperekedwa kwa chitetezo cha kutentha. Cholinga - kuteteza moyo ndi thanzi la munthu. mamembala onse oyendetsa zili ndi zovala zosalowa wapadera odana ndi poizoni lililonse mpando amadziwikanso kobvundikiridwa kumbali zonse kutsogolera zigawo mu minofu khungu.

dalaivala malo m'dera zimakhazikika pansi 20 mm zida mbale amene welded pansi. Likukhalira ndi ngotetezedwa odana wanga. Anthu ena oyendetsa ili pa ulendo paseri otetezedwa kwambiri danga gawo vnutribashennogo.

zolingalira

Thanki T-55, amene chithunzi analengedwa mu chipululu, chiyambi mfundo za kubisa. Zida nkhondowo galimoto, utoto mtundu mchenga, kulola analinso ndi chilengedwe. Thanki amakhala osiyana ndi mdani amatsata, ndipo adalira akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha malo, komanso vuto lachibadwa.

mfundo zina

Pakuti masking mu malo European umagwiritsidwa kubisa, Kamaoneka-imvi ochekenera kapena thumba la mzungu, anatambasula pamwamba poti thanki ili. Mu zikhalidwe nkhondowo ntchito smokescreen, zomwe ndi zotheka pa nthawi iliyonse chifukwa malembedwe aantchito chipangizo 902B, ili kumanja la nsanjayo. dongosolo imakhala eyiti kuyambira mitengo ikuluikulu emitting utsi mabomba likungosonyeza 81 mm. utsi zone amalola kubisa osati akasinja, komanso angapo mayunitsi oyenda amene pankhondo, loperekedwa ogwira nawo zida kupuma. Mphamvu imeneyi kuzemba ndi wosatsutsika.

zone utsi pamene kuyambira milandu anayi mumameza ndi 120 mamita lonse ndi 8 mamita mkulu. Kukhazikitsa woyendera nthambi grenade chimakwirira utali wozungulira wa mamita 60 kuzungulira thanki. Adamulowetsa utsi mabomba chizindikiro kwa mkulu akumidzi thanki. Kachitidwe ali kokha drawback chimodzi - pankhondo recharge utsi Cannon n'zosatheka, popeza ayenera kusiya turret, ndi kuthera mphindi zochepa kutsegula zida, lomwe ndi yowopsa kwambiri mu crossfire la mdani. Koma ena oyeretsa apeza njira yothetsera mavuto a m'banja. The chowombelera amapita ku zida mu nthawi utsi kwambiri pa zimene ya mabomba awiri lotsiriza pamene aone ndi ziro, ndi recharge dongosolo.

T-72

Mu 1967 anayamba kukula kwa unyinji, waukulu nkhondo thanki wa USSR onyamula Mphamvu, zomwe Analeredwa ntchito nkhondowo mu 1973 ndipo panopa mu utumiki wa asilikali Russian thanki. Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake ndi T-72 kuposa zosintha m'mbuyomo ku gulu la galimoto oti muli nazo zida nkhondo. Mosiyana ndi thanki T-55 kuchokera T72 ali wamkulu firepower wa yamasika, kutalika pa makumi chachiwiri ndi 9530 mamilimita ndi 9000 mamilimita kwa T-55. Adalira T-72 Amakhala anthu atatu okha, ntchito, kuonetsetsa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya makina, uniformly anagawira pa atatu popanda tsankho kuti malamulo a nkhondowo.

Soviet thanki T-55 zinachitika

Iwo likukhalira kuti pali mapasa makampani thanki. Ngakhale pamaso pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union mu East Germany T-55A analengedwa. Ndi pafupifupi analogue lathunthu la Soviet T-54/55. The Germany sanali kukhazikitsa chitukuko mu ulimi, monga izo zinali disadvantageous zifukwa zachuma. Komanso, asilikali thanki ya GDR sanafune magalimoto ambiri ankhondo, amene mtengo kuti wopekayo kupanga zikuluzikulu.

Komabe, mu Soviet Union ndi pafupi thanki yomweyo kutulutsa zedi yaikulu, ndipo patapita kukambirana German chitsanzo kubala azitsulo USSR limodzi ndi akasinja Union. T-55 thanki German a kalasi pakati, anaperekedwa mu magulu ang'onoang'ono a asilikali a GDR. Luso makhalidwe a chitsanzo anali wabwino, makina ndi kusiyana ndi nsanja yolimba, maneuverability wabwino ndi chida mwatsatanetsatane. akasinja Worth German mbali zotsika mtengo, kuyambira ntchito anatenga nkhani zikuluzikulu zandale, East Germany anali pa nthawi "mnzake wapamtima" wa USSR.

lachitsanzo

T-55 ndi amalemekezabe ngati gwero la kayeseleledwe m'munda wa sayansi asilikali. Amisiri ntchito fanizo la kumenyana galimoto yotchuka kwa chilengedwe cha magazini kakang'ono kwathunthu zofanana ku chiyambi. Kitografiya chitsanzo monga T-54/55, ndi mndandanda wa zikuchitika lachitsanzo lonse 1:35 ndi mbali zochepetsetsa. Chitsanzo T-55 amaonedwa chidwi kwambiri kupanga ndondomeko pambuyo US "Sherman".