Cannon "Rapier": specifications luso, kuwasintha ndi zithunzi

Kamodzi anaonekera kunkhondo, akasinja wakhala wovuta kwa nthawi yaitali infantryman. Woyamba wa makina amenewa anali pafupifupi invulnerable, komanso analimbana ndi iwo okha ndi kukumba ngalande odana ndi thanki ndi zingalepheretse akukhudzidwa lotsatira.

Ndiye anadza mfuti odana thanki, mphamvu yomwe ndi miyezo lero ndi kupusa. Ngakhale pamene akasinja kachiwiri m'mene kuchuluka zida, sizikanatha mantha kwambiri zida izi. Ndipo pano pa zochitika panali odana thanki mfuti. Iwo anali opanda ungwiro ndipo wolemera, koma mathanki yomweyo anayamba kuwalemekeza.

Kodi ndifunika mfuti odana thanki lero?

Anthu ambiri wamba ankakhulupirira kuti pa nkhondo zamakono izi "chachikale chinkawavuta" manja tiribe malo kuti: Zida akasinja panopa si nthawi zonse akuswa ngakhale zipolopolo chokhala, zomwe tingayembekezere mtundu wa mfuti! Koma mmene zimenezi si zoona kwathunthu. Pali ena mwa zitsanzo za, okhoza kupulumutsa kwambiri za mavuto ngakhale kwambiri "zotsogola" makina. Mwachitsanzo, odana ndi thanki mfuti "Rapier" zambiri Soviet kupanga.

Chida ndi chidwi n'chakuti chiyenera kulankhula za padera. Kodi ife tifike.

Mbiri

Padziko pakati pa 50s Mu zaka zapitazo zinaonekeratu kuti waukulu antitank zida akufunika thandizo kuwonjezeka nkhondowo mphamvu. chifukwa anali maonekedwe a ku America ndi ntchito zawo za akasinja lolemera. Pa nthawi imeneyo ndinali pa CA mfuti manja D-10T ndi BS-3 (onse - 100 mm). Njira moyenerera amayenera kuti ntchito yawo kungakhale osakwanira.

Chophweka njira kuonjezera makulidwe ... koma njira zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha mfuti ija, olemera ndi pang'onopang'ono. Ndiyeno, akatswiri Soviet zopita ku smoothbore zida zankhondo, amene sichinayambe ntchito pano kuyambira 1860 ku Russia! Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kuti ayambe zochita?

Ndipo chinthu mkulu liwiro, kumene ayenera omwazika zida kuboola chipolopolo mu mbiya. wolakwa kupanga amatsogolera yamasika osati kuti dontho kwambiri molondola, komanso azitaya chiwonongeko cha zida zonse. Ndi mbiya yosalala zinthu zimenezi si zoona. mwayi waukulu ndi yunifolomu ankavala.

kusankha mavuto

Koma kodi mmalo mfuti kupeza? Ndipotu ndalama projectile awo amakhala mbali bata, kulola kuchita ogwira moto pa mtunda wautali! Ndipo kusankha kamodzinso kupeza mu miyala ya gunners lapansi. Kunapezeka kuti mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito projectiles nthenga kwa mfuti smoothbore. Current (nthawi) luso kulola kuti izo osati feeler (imodzimodzi ndi awiri lamkati la mfuti), komanso anafotokoza. Mwachidule, chipolopolo anatsegula masamba atachoka kunja kwa mbiya (monga RPG-7).

The zatsopano woyamba ndi chitsanzo choyamba

The zatsopano poyamba anasonyeza kuti zina akasinja alimbane zingamuthandize mdani ayenera osachepera mfuti 105 mm. Pa nzeru sitima nthawi analandira lipoti kuti British kapangidwe ofanana likungosonyeza mfuti ndi ntchito ndigwira kale lonse. Chief mlengi ikugwiridwira -. V. Ya Afanaseva - alonjeza kuti "andipeze ndi kukupezani" mpikisano mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka. Mlengi luso ali osati anaphonya nthawi ndinapatsidwa, komanso apeza mwayi kukhazikitsa chida latsopano akasinja zoweta. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, izo pang'ono nsembe ballistics, zowononga chipolopolo chimodzimodzi kwa 1000 mm.

Choncho anabadwa "zojambulazo" - odana thanki mfuti chithunzi omwe umalibwerezabwereza m'nkhani ino.

Imene ankagwiritsa ntchito mu chilengedwe chake?

Kuti athandize kumbali ntchito, tinatenga chikuku ku D-48 mifuti, pang'ono kusintha kapangidwe ake. Koma mayeso munda yomweyo anasonyeza kuti nayenso hlipok kwa zipangizo zatsopano. Ndinafunika redo gawo ili kuchokera zikande. Latsopano mayesero mfuti ndi ulemu ndi aikiwa mu utumiki. Amadziwika ngati chida n'zotsimikizira 105 mamilimita "T-12". "Rapier" chitsanzo chamakono kwakukulukulu isiyana ndi izo.

Thunthu mu mfuti yatsopano m'modzi adalenga-chidutswa chitsanzo. Utali - 6510 mm. The okonza anasankha kugwiritsa ntchito yogwira-zotakasika mitundu kuipanikiza ananyema. breech ali okonzeka ndi ofukula mphero chipata. Yowotcha zinachitikadi mwachindunji kwa magudumu, fixation owonjezera (by kutsekereza kuyimitsidwa) si chofunika.

Kukuthandizani longoganizira, amatha mfuti "Rapier" makhalidwe amene ife mwachidule utoto, kupereka tione tebulo.

Onani kuti - osati mfuti zamakono "Rapier". Iwo mbali atsopano mabaibulo ake aakulu kwambiri.

Zochita za zipolopolo

Pakuti odana thanki mfuti zipolopolo - yoyamba. Ngakhale phenomenally losatha ndi chida chodalirika inasanduka "dzungu", ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito inatha, zipolopolo kwenikweni izo. Ndi mfuti "Rapier", lomwe limasonyeza ntchito makhalidwe apamwamba athu - umboni bwino.

Zipolopolo kwa zida inabweretsa mavuto ambiri, chifukwa iwo anali kukhala mwatsopano. Mtundu waukulu - kuboola ndi chokhala. Kuwononga ogwira mdani ntchito wapamwamba-zachiwawa mtundu wa mfuti. Kuphunzira mawerengedwe imagwiridwa ntchito kuphunzira kuboola projectiles. A mavuto ambiri ankalengeza nthenga za otsiriza, monga zinachitikira polenga chinachake chonga izo mophweka kulibe, ndipo ndithudi smoothbore 100mm mfuti silinakwaniritsidwe bwino katswiri ndi makampani zoweta.

vuto linali lakuti projectile ndi masamba osatsegulidwa anali mokwanira mwamphamvu ndi njira tsinde popanda kuchita anthuwo kuvutika. pano ndipo anatengedwa monga ambiri anataya mfundo, koma palibe kukwaniritsa zofunika okonza onse. Oddly zokwanira, koma ntchito linali loti wotwaliwa pachiyambi ndi kukanidwa "chifukwa cha wosazindikira." Izi kamodzinso anatsimikizira kuti zophweka kwambiri - zambiri odalirika kwambiri.

The njira yatsopano

Phata Pankhaniyi amafunsidwa kuti zosapanga maraging zitsulo. Tip-wogawira chipolopolo - kuchokera kwambiri ochiritsira pepala stamped zitsulo, ntchito kuti mbali zina za mchira stabilizer. Feathering "mivi" kuchokera wapadera aloyi kuponya zotayidwa, ndipo kenako anapeza kuti zotayidwa anodizing amafuna zina. Tracer mbamuikha mu mkati mwa mchira ndi zina atathana ndi kugwirizana yamazinga ndi pakati.

ntchito zambiri wakhala lamba kutsogolera chipolopolo: mapeto anakakhala pa njira ya patatu, ndi zinthu zomwe zinali kugwirizana obtyuriruyuschim mkuwa mphete. Atangomva projectile masamba mbiya njira mphamvu kuuluka bwino potsatira njira izi sitingazipeze akugwera gulu, ndi "Mivi Yanu", kutsegula nthenga, iri yofulumira kwa akasinja ndi. Pa mtunda wa mamita 750 kupatuka si madigiri oposa 2.5 pa mzere yopingasa pamaso.

Features a mitundu ina akatemera

Chokhala muyezo ndipo akatemera mkulu-zachiwawa ndi kumanga ofanana. Pankhaniyi awo komanso projectile thupi sankalimbana nafe alumikizidwa malaya kumbuyo, amene anaphatikiza feathering. Kusiyana anali pakalibe obtyuriruyuschego lamba ndi awiri ofanana kwa anthu thunthu. Pakuti zipolopolo chokhala ntchito bushing ndi masamba asanu feathering, ndi vuto la mkulu-zachiwawa kuwombera - sikisi.

Chokhala ndi mkulu-zachiwawa akatemera kukakamira osati kwambiri pa mikono, koma chifukwa anachita mwa wamba (yokutidwa lacquer) chitsulo. Sabot projectiles yofanana zokuzira kunja kokha basi apamwamba mkuwa wamanja kuti samavala monga zida. "Zojambulazo" - mfuti pa nthawi imeneyo odula kwambiri, choncho Akatswiri anali kufunafuna njira iliyonse kuonjezera moyo utumiki wake.

Kutsirizitsa za zipolopolo

Koma ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavuto akatemera ayamba basi, iwo onse amafuna younikanso kwambiri. Makamaka, kuboola projectiles kunadutsa mwangwiro vertically anakonza zida, koma iwo athana ndi slanted analibe mtima. The projectile kapena chizindikiro zida pansi pa ngodya zosatheka, kapena kungoti ricochet. Landfills yathyoledwa ambiri akasinja amene anapuma pantchito, pamene akatswiri apeza njira yabwino yothetsera onse.

zinthu zatsopano mu kamangidwe

Iwo anatenga kungowonjezera kuti pomanga "Boom" pachimake zapadera kwambiri cholimba aloyi. Ina ili wakhala anayambitsa (yolemera 800g okha), zopangidwa carbide tungsten, kuwomberako yomweyo anasonyeza zotsatira wosangalatsa: kuti kudutsamo ndi zida mumbali bwino ndi 60%!

Posachedwapa, anthu onse a makhalidwe awa anayesedwa kuchita. Cannon "Rapier" nkhondowo ntchito imene inayamba nthawi ya zinachitikira Golan Heights, zasonyeza zotsatira zabwino malowedwe.

Komanso chitukuko cha polojekiti

Posachedwapa, mfuti yatsopano, ndipo anafotokoza kuti mathanki Union. Iwo anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mphamvu ndi otsika-angadzachite smoothbore mfuti ndi kulemera kwake kuwala. zitsanzo woyamba anasonkhana mofulumira, amene nthawi yomweyo chidwi pa asilikali.

Popeza anaika pa galimotoyo a thanki T-54 watsopano 100 mamilimita Cannon "Rapier" anakhomerera kuphunzira chandamale (debited nyumba womwewo T-54) nadutsa, ndipo ndi mtunda wokwera. Wa nkhosa, amene ankaimba udindo wa anthu ogwira ntchito, pafupifupi kanthu katsalira.

Mu 1960 kusinthidwa ndi chifunirocho boma mfuti "Rapier" anayamba phiri pa galimotoyo anakumana (pa maziko a T-55). Posakhalitsa, mayesero onse zikadzachitika D54, monga latsopano smoothbore mfuti wasonyeza ukulu wake mtheradi. Mosiyana ndi "oyenda" zosintha kuti thanki zipolopolo pa zino si kuipanikiza ananyema. miyezi isanu ndi umodzi chabe thanki mfuti "Rapier" (zithunzi zomwe Tingaone mu nkhaniyi) anali mu utumiki pansi pa chizindikiro 2A20 "Stiletto."

chakuti iye anali alibe zofunika pa likungosonyeza 100 mm. Popeza chakuti akasinja Soviet sanakhalepo wokwera kukula ndi kulemera, ndi kuipanikiza ananyema kwambiri timapitiriza dzuwa, ndi unsembe wake mu nyumba zoweta thanki ankachitabe pokha pokha pamene njira zina zonse anayesa Kulipira ndi sanapereke mukufuna.

zosintha latsopano

Mu 1970 oyambirira mfuti "Rapier" akasintha kachiwiri. Chifukwa cha ntchito asayansi ndi akatswiri wakhala chida wa T-12a (2A29). Metallurgists ndi akatswiri anapeza njira kubala mitengo ikuluikulu kwambiri wangwiro kuti basi anapereka maziko chiyesedwe cha watsopano, kumatheka zipolopolo.

Apanso, ophimba wakhala kwathunthu redesigned, chifukwa mu zomwe zakhala pafupifupi mwathunthu kuthetsa kugwedera pamene kuwombera, mlingo othandiza ananyamuka ndi pafupifupi theka. Iwo anayamba kupanga ndi kutengedwa ndi pamaso usiku kuwombera, komanso makina ounikira zovuta, anaikira onse, usiku ndi usana pamene aone ndi osauka (fumbi mikuntho, mwachitsanzo). Kunja kusinthidwa n'zosavuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa, monga mfuti kuipanikiza ananyema amaoneka ngati shaker mchere.

Imodzi ndi kusinthidwa 2A29 anatengera zatsopano subcaliber projectile ndi gawo ntchito anapangidwa kuchokera chidutswa umodzi wa aloyi tungsten. munition misa kuchuluka pang'ono, koma mfuti osiyanasiyana chinawonjezeka ndi anthu pafupifupi 30%. Zotsatirazi magazini atsopano a zolemba kwa mfuti nkhondowo adalira. Iwo anati kuti kuwombera bwino munitions ku akale "Rapier" 2A19 ndi koletsedwa, monga kuli kotheka chotupa cha mbiya.

Kuyambira mu 1971, pa mndandanda anayamba kusinthidwa thanki "Rapier" pansi pa T-12a - 2A20M1 "Stiletto."

Pomaliza

Pakali pano, chida ichi ndi kwambiri akale. Akukhulupirira kuti "Rapier" Cannon sangathenso zimatsimikizira malowedwe azilandira zida za akasinja ano, koma nthaŵi zina iwo ndithu kupirira udindo wawo.

Choncho, pa nkhondo Yugoslavia anamugwiritsa ntchito magulu onse ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Akatswiri kuona kuti chida ichi ndi abwino kwa kulamulira kuwala magalimoto oti muli nazo zida za mdani (amene ali wolemera kwambiri kuposa zoweta BMP kawiri). Komanso, mfuti "Rapier" (chithunzi pamwambapa), pafupifupi ndithu akhoza kukantha ambiri akasinja NATO mu mbali ndi kumbuyo. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti "dona wokalamba" akadali molawirira kwambiri kukagona.