"Udzudzu" - antiship chida

Mwina, ngati Bulu nthawi zonse zotheka kuti kupereka ziyenera chokwanira cha imapanga chitetezo cha dziko ndi chuma. Ndipo pano izo ziri osati pa zili zombo mtengo ndi sitima zankhondo. Modern zombo - mafakitale zina zamakono, kumene woyamba "kuthamanga mu" atsopano zida chokhumudwitsacho ndi kumbuyo.

Ngati pa Wachiwiri World nkhondo lolamulidwa ndi Nkhondo olemedwa ndi chitetezo champhamvu ndi otungira osavuta kwa ndege tinakwera-ceni, koma tsopano zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Bulu pafupifupi "nyanja" wa mayiko mwachangu kutenga mu utumiki ochepa ndi nimble owononga makamaka, ntchito ya sitima zankhondo ndipo ndege onyamula amaonedwa basi mwa mawu a mchitidwe amanyansidwa kuopseza mayiko amene alibe chitetezo yachibadwa.

Komanso, panopa nkhondo panyanja sizili zofanana: otsutsa nthawi zambiri saona ngakhale pa m'chizimezime, ndi chigonjetso anaonetsetsa wamphamvu zida mzinga, ananyoza amene angakhale kutumiza yaikulu mdani chombo pansi. Dziko lathu ali ndi chida chachikulu - dongosolo la "udzudzu". chida ichi, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu USSR, odalirika njira zimatsimikizira kuthetsa mwamtendere.

Start chitukuko

Ntchito pa chitukuko cha zida inayamba mu 1973. Polenga ambiri anapezeka wa mabungwe komanso kufufuza kapangidwe kuchokera konsekonse USSR. "Udzudzu" - Roketi, poyamba anayamba m'malo mitundu akulu a zida ofanana ndi anafuna kuikidwa pa ofunkha ndi maboti chida. Komanso, zida ndi kuphana tsitsi.

Pamaso kulandira roketi ankayenera kudutsamo ndi chidwi mndandanda wa mayesero yachinsinsi amene anayambitsa yekha mu 1978. Izo zinachitika mu akhala akutayirapo dothi ndi, "Sandy mtengo", pamene mayesero oyamba a zanyengo katundu m'tsogolo ndipo anazitsimikizira makhalidwe a injini yake yaikulu kunachitika. boma komanso mayesero mpaka kumapeto kwa 1982.

Iwo anazitcha bwinobwino pokhapokha kuwombera wowonongayo "Desperado" ili Nyanja Barents. Mipherezero anawomberedwa kuchokera pa mtunda wa 27 Km, chofunika mwachindunji kugunda mipherezero awiri. Roketi ndi oyendetsa athane ndi ntchito bwino.

Nthawi zambiri, koma chombo unayambitsidwa nthawi 15 chabe pa mayesero amenewa, kupambana wakhala akwaniritsa milandu eyiti, ndi tsankho bwino - zisanu. Wolephera zinachititsa kumayamba awiri okha. Koma sizinayende kutengera zombo zoweta anali "udzudzu"! Chida ali ndi zaka zonse zisanu, kuchokera 1983 mpaka 1985, chinaperekedwa kwa patsogolo zosiyanasiyana kapangidwe ndi wamakono, mpaka umatha potsiriza suona chokwanira.

Choncho, osiyanasiyana koyamba linawonjezeka pafupifupi isanu nthawi (!), Akufika chithunzi cha makilomita 125, ndipo anafika ngakhale zake zonse ndi ekranoplan "Lun" imene zipangitsa chitetezo chodalirika kwa pafupifupi kugombe lonse la USSR anapereka ntchito roketi lapansi.

Kumasulidwa, kusinthidwa,

Iye anatulutsa ndi anamasulidwa ake zovuta "Patsogolo", yomwe ili Primorsky Gawo. Chida wakhala anasonyeza mobwerezabwereza onse pa zoweta Zhukovsky (Max), ndipo pa ziwonetsero onse padziko lonse la manja (mu Abu Dhabi Mwachitsanzo).

Only kumayambiriro 80 ntchentche za zovuta anali mwalamulo amawatenga ofunkha ndi a gulu la "ano" Project 956, ndipo mu 1984 anayamba kukhazikitsa chida patsogolo ndi Launcher CT 190. "Udzudzu" posakhalitsa anakhazikitsa ndi ndege. Chida analandira mu utumiki nthawi kuchokera 1992 mpaka 1994.

Kodi?

Zovuta ndi roketi zinalengedwa kuti thupilo Magulu osiyanasiyana a zombo pamwamba mdani, Amakweza ankafika, komanso kuti zombo za convoy ndi mipherezero umodzi. Kwa inunso aku zombo pa mpweya khushoni ndi madzi mapiko, zomwe mpaka ndiye anali pafupifupi invulnerable kuti chida chifukwa cha mathamangidwe ake mkulu wovuta.

Mogwira anawononga zombo, ndilo kusamutsidwa matani mpaka 20,000. N'zotheka chandamale liwiro - mpaka 100 mfundo. Chida liziwomba mdani ngakhale mu nkhope ya kwambiri moto ndi makina ounikira kutsutsa otsiriza. Si choletsa, ndipo zisagwidwe ndi zinthu nyengo. Anti-chombo chida lokha "udzudzu" angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino pa kutentha yozungulira kwa -25 kuti +50 madigiri Celsius.

kantchito

Nyanja boma ntchito "udzudzu" angafikire mfundo zisanu ndi imodzi chabe (ngati chandamale ndi zazing'ono - mpaka zisanu) ndi liwiro mphepo (malangizo zilibe kanthu) - mpaka mamita 20 pa mphindi. okonza Soviet kuti anatha kulenga mzinga kuti akhoza kugunda chandamale ngakhale bomba la nyukiliya.

Yemweyo amakhala ndi odana sitima chida "udzudzu" mpweya m'Baibulo? makhalidwe musati amasiyana njira panyanja. Uku ndi cholinga chowapatsa ndege Lamulungu 33 (Lamulungu-27K) ndi ena amene amalola chombo ofotokoza.

zovuta

Ambiri amaganiza kuti zovuta "udzudzu" wapangidwa ndi kolowera imodzi yokha kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa chida cha, koma izo siziri. Pamafunikanso mitundu yambiri ya iwo: muyezo antiship supersonic mitundu Low-okwera, kugunda chandamale mu zikhalidwe za machitidwe tima mpweya podziteteza komanso chipolopolo ndi "wochenjera" malangizo ZM 80. Management ndi udindo kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa 3C 80 dongosolo yoika malangizo CT-152M. Pankhani chitetezo cha gombe ndi n'kupuma Kuika zovuta, ulamuliro adzatenge akonzedwa umodzi wa CCW 3F80.

mbali luso

Roketi wa gulu la kuwala, mawonekedwe ake umapangidwa chakale kuuluka bwino potsatira njira kasinthidwe. Fomu uta ogive, makonzedwe nthenga ndi mapiko - X woboola pakati. Mapiko ndi mchira anapangidwa collapsible zoyendera zosavuta ndi posungira mu poyambira chidebe. Waukulu thupi mpweya intakes ali bwino wolemekezeka, ndi fairing kutsogolo anaika radiotransparent kuphika.

makhalidwe ena chinanso:

• Chida kutalika - kuchokera mamita 9,4 kwa 9.7 (malingana ndi kusinthidwa ndi nyumba).
• Zolemba malire mathamangitsidwe - mpaka 2.8 Mach.
• Osachepera osiyanasiyana moto - makilomita 10.
• Kukhazikitsa kulemera - kuchokera matani 4 4.5.
• Kulemera warhead - la makilogalamu 300 320.
• Alumali moyo mu Launch chidebe - zaka 1.5.
• Panopa modernized chida akhoza kugunda chandamale pamene kuthamanga kwa onshore kwa mtunda wa makilomita 240.

Mu kupanga titaniyamu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala wangwiro, kasakaniza wazitsulo mkulu kalasi zitsulo ndi fiberglass.

The amagetsi pamodzi. Pali kuyambira ufa injini bouncer chida ku Launch canister, ndi Wolimbikitsa ndege zosagwiritsa 3D83. Ufa accelerator ili mwachindunji mu nozzle olimbana chachikulu. Moto umenewo unyeketsa kwathunthu choyamba masekondi atatu kapena anayi, ndipo kenako anakankhidwira ndi mpweya otaya sikelo.

dongosolo malangizo

dongosolo chiongoko ndi anapanga chiwembu kuphatikiza. Navigation - inertial mtundu, komanso yogwira-chabe Rada malangizo mutu. "Yosangalatsa" akuyenda kasamalidwe dongosolo, amene umaonetsera Mwina mkulu wa kumenya chandamale ngakhale pamene akugwira moto countermeasures. Tikumbukenso kuti chithunzi ichi zimasiyanasiyana 0,94 kuti 0,98.

Flight zidzachitika mathamangitsidwe kuposa patsogolo ziwiri, roketi ndi njira yodutsamo yovuta kwambiri. Chikadzangotha chiyambi cha mthunzi amachita tingachipeze powerenga "phiri", kenako kuchepa lakuthwa mu pazipita wa - mpaka kutalika mamita 20. Pamene cholinga ndi makilomita asanu ndi anayi kutali, kumeneko ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri kwambiri, mpaka kutalika mamita asanu, kenako roketi chabe pa crests mafunde, akuyendetsa njoka. Pa ndege angachichite ayendetsa zovuta kwambiri, ndipo overloading zambiri kuposa 10G.

chinkhoswe chandamale

Chifukwa makhalidwe a chida "udzudzu" (ndi "Malachite", kalambulabwalo wake) ndi ngozi woopsa pafupifupi aliyense angathe chombo mdani. Mothandizana ndi chitetezo ena odana ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zikutanthauza kuchepetsa kuti ziro Mwina "yopanda magazi" mdani kumenya landings.

Kukunda nyamarwa sitima anaonetsetsa NADZIWA mphamvu kayendedwe ndi wamphamvu kuphulika mkati alumikizana ndi. chida chimodzi tikhoza kusiya pansi cruiser, ndipo 15-17 zidutswa akhoza kubweretsa pansi grouping lonse sitimayo. Makamaka zabwino zimafika chida "udzudzu" kuti kuzemba N'zosatheka. kudziwika ake ndi masekondi 3-4 kokha moto kukhudzana ndi chandamale, koma chifukwa akale kapangidwe Soviet akadali analemekeza ndipo adawopa mu oyendetsa zonse za bulu mu dziko.

Malawi ndi lamakono

SCRC "udzudzu" massively wokwera pa Project 956 ofunkha (awiri Quad zanu), odana ndi sitima zapamadzi zombo za ntchito 11556 "asilikali Lobov", komanso pafupifupi onse ntchito chida bwato 1241,9. Iwo anali wokwera pa ntchito katswiri wa ang'ono chida chombo Project 1239 (hovercraft), pa polojekiti 1240 makhoti, komanso tsitsi "Lun" tatchulazi, zimene roketi anayenera kwambiri modernize.

Wofunika kwambiri kuti chida "udzudzu" makhalidwe a kale tatchula pamwambapa, angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera a chitetezo m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso mu ndege m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi wokwera pa ndege Lamulungu-27K (Lamulungu-33). Pankhaniyi, wina anatengedwa pa bolodi projectile, lomwe lili kunja kwa fuselage pakati nyemba za.

Kutsata zinthu zosiyanasiyana,

Mu 1981 izo inaika lamulo malinga ndi zimene zinali zofunika kwambiri kusintha injini waukulu zokulitsa osiyanasiyana ntchito maroketi. Choncho panali roketi "udzudzu-M", khumi omwe ikuchitika isanafike nthawi kuyamba-kuchokera 1987 mpaka 1989. Akatswiri Soviet anatha kuonjezera osiyanasiyana kuti makilomita 153 mwakamodzi, ndipo Baibulo kusinthidwa anali 3M-80E chikhazikitso.

Panopa roketi "udzudzu" amene chithunzi ali mu pepala, akhoza kuikidwa pa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ofunkha Russian ndi Zombo Zankhondo ena, kuphatikizapo ngalawa mzinga, komanso zimagulitsidwa. Inam'lola phiri (ngati mukufuna) pa Zombo Zankhondo abwino yachilendo.

kufunika

Kuti roketi "udzudzu" amene ntchito makhalidwe m'nkhani ino saloledwa kulenga ntchito m'chombo limodzi. tingachidziwe kwambiri moti anapereka yaing'ono maboti chida pafupifupi mogwira wowonongayo. Zonsezi zathandiza kuchepetsa mtengo ndi makumi a nthawi chilengedwe cha zonse kunachitika gulu panyanja, popanda nsembe makhalidwe ake anamenyana. Poona mmene yaikulu kugombe la Soviet Union kunali kofunika kwambiri.

Mwazina, zimenezi zida kuponya amakhala kufunika chabe kwambiri zinthu ano, pamene ku Russia kuyambira basi kulengedwanso yachibadwa zikuluzikulu grouping ngalawa. Panopa, palibe mbali yapadera pa kulowa zombo zazikulu mu yapamadzi, kotero chiyembekezo zonse ofunkha ndi "udzudzu" pa bolodi n'zovuta Musaone. Choncho chitukuko Soviet akadali nthawi yaitali kwambiri kuti abwere pansi.