Mivi ndege "mpweya ndi mpweya": makhalidwe waukulu

Kuti tithe kulimbana ndi mipherezero mpweya cholinga machitidwe chida a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. A yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zida makamaka m'magulu malinga ndi malo Launch ndi chandamale malo. Mwachitsanzo: "zinthu mopupuluma kuti Air" - mabomba m'dziko ofotokoza (mawu oyamba) kuti thupilo zinthu mu malo mpweya (mawu wachiwiri). Mtundu wa zida nthawi zambiri amatchedwa odana ndi ndege, mwachitsanzo mphukira pa pachimake pa - kumtunda. Kwambiri roketi liwiro "pamwamba ndi mpweya", kuposa kanayi pa liwiro la phokoso, angathandize nkhondo osati ndi ndege ballistic mizinga, komanso kugunda yotha mivi wovuta.

ndege chida

Zida zankhondo ano nkhondowo ndege ndi akonzedwa Integrated kachitidwe angapo zina zamakono, zomwe conventionally tichipeza dongosolo kulamulira ndipo pomwepo inaimitsidwa ndi ophatikizidwa manja. Mizinga cholinga kuthamanga ndi nsanja mpweya ukusuntha ndi kuwononga mpweya ndege, malinga ndi dongosolo zoweta wachinsinsi monga roketi "mpweya ndi mpweya" (B-B). Mu West, chifukwa munitions a kalasi wabwino mu ntchito AAM chidule cha osakaniza mpweya ndi mpweya chida. Zitsanzo Mwaluso zida anali koyamba m'ma makumi anai Mu zaka zapitazo. Woyamba m'banja kudziletsa motsogozedwa munitions akhala anakopera ku "mpweya mpweya" American roketi. Russia panopa m'munda wa hardware nkhondowo chimatengedwa ngati mtsogoleri yamphamvu. Ena machitidwe ndi wapadera ngakhale mwa machitidwe anayamba yachilendo.

kuukira mtunda

Malinga ndi mtunda pa zomwe chinthu akuwonongedwa mu mivi mpweya "mpweya ndi mpweya" ndi magulu angapo. Ndege zida lakonzedwa kuti ntchito pa mitundu itatu ya mtunda wa nkhondowo:

• Kuti thupilo ndege mivi yochepa osiyanasiyana ntchito mu mzere pamaso. munitions izi zili ndi zipangizo infuraredi homing. Amawatenga NATO lakuti - SRAAM.
• Pa mtunda wa mizinga sing'anga-osiyanasiyana ntchito 100km (MRAAM) ndi dongosolo Rada homing.
• Ordnance ntchito pa mtunda ku 200 Km yaitali osiyanasiyana (LRAAM), ndi zovuta malangizo dongosolo kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zosiyanasiyana pa ulendo ndi chomaliza kuukira gawo.

Choncho mtundu pamaziko a osiyanasiyana yaitali, ndi kutukula amakhulupirira kuti akutali anapatsidwa roketi zidzalondolera chandamale kungakupatseni. M'chilankhulo cha akatswiri umatchedwa ogwira mtunda kuwombera.

dongosolo malangizo pa chandamale

Mutu wa roketi anaika kugwiritsa ntchito zida kuti amalola autonomously, pali zosasamaliridwa, kupangira projectile kulasa ndi kumumenya izo. Makinawa chipangizo pa maziko a ozungulira minda thupi amatha kufotokoza cholinga, magawo a zoyenda ake, kayendedwe ka chida lokha ndi kupanga gulu la dongosolo kulamulira, ngati n'koyenera, kuzemba. Homing dongosolo "mpweya ndi mpweya" chida ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cholinga cha kutentha: kuwala, lamayimbidwe, infuraredi, wailesi. Pa malo malo gwero poizoni machitidwe malangizo awa:

• Chabe - cholinga ntchito ankalankhula chizindikiro.
• Kuti theka-yogwira zofuna mutu kusinkhasinkha za cholinga cha mbendera panamveka ndi chonyamulira ndege.
• Yogwira okha pounikira cholinga chomwe transmitters ali okonzeka ndi chizindikiro nthawi zonse.

Submunitions ndi detonators

Mu mlengalenga, makamaka ikakhala mkulu, kanthu zachiwawa zachiwawa operewera. mivi ndege "mpweya mpweya" zida ndi warhead mkulu-zachiwawa kanthu. Chifukwa liwiro mkulu wa gulu ngati chandamale, ndi chida lokha warhead pa ntchito zofunika wosamalitsa mapangidwe woopsa dera. The mukufuna chingapezeke kutsatira dongosolo ndi makombo anakonzeratu onongani kapena submunitions wokonzeka (mipira, ndodo). Mankhwala ambiri ntchito chimake, kupanga zozungulira phula zidutswa cylindrical warhead, ndi kugawikana jekete. Pa thambo kukwapula zinthu kupanga phirilo ndi pamwamba truncated malangizo kuyenda kudutsa roketi.

Anakonza kulekana pa kumenya makombo zimatheka ndi banga kapena laser oipa ndi mafunde mkulu-pafupipafupi, kutsatira amacheka kapena "chigoba" chuma inert. Kugawikana submunitions okonzeka ndi zida zokwana melee. Mu sing'anga osiyanasiyana machitidwe chida ntchito warhead anapanga ndodo. Submunitions anakonza obliquely padziko zinthu zachiwawa ndi welded pamodzi alternately chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malekezero. Pamene disclosing ndodozo kupanga chatsekedwa mphete kwakukulu kowononga. Zochitika zingamuthandize yofuna pa mapangidwe kasamalidwe ndi malangizo a zochita za kugawikana za kuthengo.

Kumapangitsa warhead ikuchitika pa akadakwanitsira mtunda Rada fuze okonzeka ndi tinyanga imodzi kapena ziwiri. mivi Modern "mpweya ndi mpweya" kalasi zili ndi makhazikitsidwe laser, mosalekeza oyang'anira kutalika kwa chandamale. Pa zida zonse ali inertial detonator likhoza kukumenya mwachindunji pa chandamale.

Pa malo alonda mpweya

Chifukwa dziko lathu, ndi mtunda waukulu ndi zomangamanga underdeveloped pansi pa malangizo kum'mawa ndi kumpoto, chofunika pa chitetezo ndi mivi "mpweya ndi mpweya." Russia, atacita zaposachedwapa, mofulumira patsogolo luso, ali lonse osiyanasiyana mkulu-ntchito zida. mivi Russian ukunenedwa osati akonzekeretse ndege alipo, komanso kaonedwe ka machitidwe zinakhazikitsa ndi opanda ndege, mu utumiki amafunika posachedwapa. Modern Russian ndege okonzeka ndi mitundu ina ya mivi. Pa iwo Tikambirana zina.

Kutsogoleredwa chida P-73 lalifupi osiyanasiyana

mankhwala atengedwa mu utumiki mu 1983, NATO gulu AA-11 "akaponya". Anatanthauza kuwononga mwachangu akuyendetsa zolinga zinakhazikitsa ndi opanda imathamanga pazipita mpaka 2500 Km / h usana ndi usiku mu zinthu zonse nyengo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo hemispheres. Pakuti kulasa kutsatira zolinga za ntchito kubwerera-chiyambi. Engine ndi variable adaponya vectoring ndi ena amadziona bwanji analola kuposa onse analogues dziko alipo mwa mawu a maneuverability. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi balloons kusalankhula mpweya, Helicopters ndi mivi wovuta. The roketi ndi mbali ya amaika zonse armament wa MiG 29 ndi Lamulungu 27, atsopano mabaibulo, komanso zoponya mabomba mwatsatanetsatane, Lamulungu 34 ndi Lamulungu 25. Yopangidwa ndi Mabaibulo awiri zosintha RMD RMD-1 ndi 2. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi mivi wovuta. Roketi ndi zimagulitsidwa. Zipolopolo ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Kulemera - 110 makilogalamu.
• Utali - 2.9 Nchito m.
• Kulemera ndodo warhead 8 kg.
• Launch osiyanasiyana - 40 Km (RMD 2).

Kudutsa mchitidwe nkhondo chida RVV-MD

Yatsopano yolimbanirana ali zonse mbali infuraredi homing. Ntchito aerogazodinamicheskoy dongosolo machenjerero amalola kuononga mipherezero kuchokera kwina kulikonse. Amaganiza kuti chitsanzo ichi adzakhala ndi zida zonse mitundu ya ndege womenya ndege Helicopters. "Air-pamwamba" X-38 mawonekedwe maziko a nkhondowo mphamvu ya chisanu m'badwo womenya RVV-MD ndi roketi.

• Kuyambira kulemera kwa osapitirira 106 makilogalamu.
• Chida kutalika - 2,92 m.
• Warhead kulemera ndi ndodo mchitidwe zokhudza - makilogalamu 8.
• Distance kuchita mipherezero mpaka 40 Km.

Ndege mivi "mpweya ndi mpweya" P-27

Kutsogoleredwa munitions zida analengedwera omenyana wachinayi m'badwo. Malinga NATO gulu AA-10 "Alamo". munition Specific lakonzedwa kuwononga mdani ndege kufupi nkhondowo machenjerero ndi kutalika sing'anga pa liwiro pazipita chandamale kwa 3500 Km / h. Yophatikiza yachilendo wa kasamalidwe ndi kotaya chopopera galimoto. Pa ena mabaibulo accelerators ntchito. Mathamangidwe wa roketi ndi "mpweya ndi mpweya" P-27 anayi ndi theka nthawi liwiro la phokoso. Makhalidwe malingana zosintha zotsatirazi:

• zitsanzo Misa osiyana zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa 250 ndi 350 makilogalamu.
• Kutalika pazipita 3,7 kwa 4.9 m.
• Warhead kulemera ndodo-mtundu - 39 kg.
• Uthunthu chiwonongeko cha zinthu kuchokera 50 110 Km.

Ndege chida F 77 sing'anga-osiyanasiyana

Anaikira lachisanu m'badwo womenya MiG - 1,42, osati zobwezerezedwanso pa mndandanda. Western AA-12 dzina "Adder". Ikani mu utumiki mu 1994. Okonzeka ndi injini yamphamvu ndi makina ounikira zapamwamba kwambiri ndi kachitidwe infuraredi malangizo. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuchita ukusuntha ndi zinthu malo amodzi a mitundu yonse ya ndege, kuphatikizapo mivi sitima zouluka ndi mtunda zotsatirazi, pa maziko a dziko lapansi ndi pamwamba pa nyanja ku ranges onse a pamwamba. kusinthidwa kwa utali wozungulira kanthu ndi boosters olimba mpaka 160 Km.

• Kulemera - 700 makilogalamu.
• Utali - 3.5 m.
• Kulemera ndodo warhead ndi zinthu multikumulyativnymi - makilogalamu 22.
• The pazipita osiyanasiyana chiwonongeko cha zinthu - 100 Km.

Pamaziko a kusinthidwa uyu wa munition kulengedwa "pamwamba ndi mpweya." nthaka zochokera chida mbali yaikulu awiri galimoto.

Homing chida RVV-Sd sing'anga osiyanasiyana

Chitsanzo atsopano a zida zoweta ndege anafuna kuwonongedwa kwa mitundu yonse, kuphatikizapo mivi zimafika pamalo okwera kwa 25 Km mu katundu Rada countermeasures mdani. Ntchito yogwira zovuta malangizo inertial ntchito kukonzedwa wailesi. Detonation chipangizo amagwiritsa laser moyandikana sensa.

• Kuyambira kulemera kwa makilogalamu 190.
• Utali - 3,7 m.
• Warhead mtundu - multikumulyativnaya ndodo, kulemera - 22,5 makilogalamu.
• Distance kuyamba 110 Km.

RVV-AE sing'anga-osiyanasiyana

Baibulo limeneli la zida za unalinganizidwa wachinayi ++ m'badwo womenya ndege ndipo lapangidwa kuti tithe kulimbana ndi mitundu analipo a ndege, kuphatikizapo mivi wovuta. Zipolopolo angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse tsiku pa dziko ndi nyanja malo woyendera nthambi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kutukula akomere mitundu ndege yachilendo. Monga ntchito contactless laser detonator fuze. Amayendetsera ntchito magetsi gululi chipsyepsye - chipangizo luso lapadera pa dziko alibe.

• The pazipita Launch kulemera - 180 makilogalamu.
• Zolemba malire kutalika - 3.6 m.
• Warhead ndodo multikumulyativnaya, kulemera - 22,5 makilogalamu.
• Kuwombera mtunda wa makilomita 80.

Kutsogoleredwa chida P-33 losatha

Womenya-interceptor anaikira zida chitetezo Kupititsa ndi zomangamanga osauka lapansi. The mabukhu NATO amatchedwa AA-9 "Amosi". Mogwirizana ndi MiG-31-33 anali mu utumiki mu 80s oyambirira ndipo anali mbali ya Mipikisano kudutsana dongosolo "Barrier". Kachitidwe chizathandiza ntchito munthawi yomweyo onse wagawo zipolopolo kuchokera 4-ndege. Pankhaniyi, zipangizo ndege Rada ndi theka-yogwira mivi homing nthawi yomweyo mpata kugunda zinthu zinayi mivi anayi. R-33 lakonzedwa kuti awononge otsika-zouluka ndege ndi sitima zida zinthu zonse nyengo, pa maziko a dziko lapansi ranges onse okwera ndipo imathamanga ndipo ali Zotsatira zolongosoka luso:

• Kulemera - 490 makilogalamu.
• Utali - 4,15 m.
• Misa IYE kugawikana warhead makilogalamu 47.
• Yambani manambala - 120 Km, ndi zolinga zina Posonyeza - 300 Km.

"The dzanja lalitali la" P-37

Pamaziko a R-33 kwa manja kukakumana zovuta zatsopano zochokera Mig-31BM cholinga roketi losatha R-37. Mu magwero ena otchedwa LAKE-DB ndi K-37. NATO gulu AA-13 "Mivi Yanu". Kuyezetsa watha zitsanzo kulembedwa mu 2012. Pamene ntchito kulenga latsopano wapawiri-mode injini olimba mafuta ndi zida zatsopano kulamulira ndi malangizo. Pa mayesero nkhani ya kugunda chandamale pa mtunda wa makilomita 307.

• Launch kulemera zosintha zosiyanasiyana kuchokera makilogalamu 510 600.
• Chida kutalika - 4.2 m.
• Warhead - mkulu-kuphulika, kulemera - makilogalamu 60.
• Uthunthu "mpweya ndi mpweya" chida R-73 - 300 Km, mu ntchito katundu - 200 Km.

Kudalirika tikhutira:

Chikuonetseratu ku Russian asilikali katundu zina zamakono zaposachedwapa, kwambiri patsogolo mphamvu Western. Yopangidwa mivi kutsogoleredwa "mpweya ndi mpweya" akhale okonzeka ndi amphamvu kwambiri pa bolodi machitidwe kompyuta ndi mkulu-liwiro mapurosesa chizindikiro. The mbadwo watsopano wa maroketi adzatha osati younikira chandamale mu makina ounikira amphamvu ndi infuraredi kauntala, komanso zobisika chinthu kutsatira mpweya chiwembu.