Chibayo ndi mmene tiyenera kuchitira ndi chiyani?

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti chibayo - kutukusira kwa mapapo. Koma si aliyense amadziwa matenda ndi zovuta ndi zoopsa kuposa njira yolondola kuthana nazo, kodi zotsatira zake, makhalidwe zakambidwa chithandizo. Kuthandiza owerenga amene alibe kuphunzira zachipatala, kuti muthe kumvetsa bwino zimene ndi chibayo - ntchito nkhaniyi.

Special zamankhwala a chibayo lero anafika kwambiri kuya sayansi ndi matenda. Panali mankhwala amakono mphamvu pofuna kuthetsa matenda ndi kupambana izo.

Ndipo komabe akufabe ku chibayo. Makamaka matenda wowopsa, monga kale, zikusonyeza pakati ana. Thupi la mwanayo ndi ofooka, kungavute ndi chibayo wodwalayo wamng'ono mitundu zolemera ndiponso kuopseza moyo.

Akamanena za matenda - matenda opatsirana a minofu ya m'mapapo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali majeremusi adzaukira ndi mavairasi mu alveoli (ting'onoting'ono thovu amapanga m'mapapo minofu). Pamene alveoli wathanzi kupuma kumachitika motere. Pa inhalation, iwo ankaganiza mpweya wofunikira kwa moyo. Ndiye, mwa mwazi diverges thupi lonse. Pa mpweya, utsi wa carbon dioxide ndi zoipa zina zosafunika gaseous kupitirira thupi, ndi nawo alveoli lapansi.

An X-ray chithunzi cha chibayo zambiri imalongosola, kuthandiza kukhazikitsa matenda zolondola. Komabe, nthawi zina muyenera kulongosola bwino ndi kukonzanso anayendera. Pankhaniyi, poyera wodwalayo cheza zoipa kuposa kamodzi si zofunika. Choncho, n'kofunika kwambiri amamangiriridwa ku zina, njira zambiri za makolo loyang'anira ndi chitetezo: percussion (percussion zala) ndi auscultation (kumvetsera kupyolera "chitoliro" - stethoscope). matenda tinganene osiyanasiyana zina dokotala akuwoneka kuti si za chibayo, koma gulu lonse la matenda osiyana kwambiri.

Gulu la chibayo - njira yovuta kwambiri. Koma odwala oyembekezera (akulu), makamaka makolo a ana ayenera kukhala osachepera kumvetsa kochepa a mitundu ya chibayo, kumvetsa dokotala mu zokambirana ndi kuchiza matenda.

• Malinga mtundu wa kugunda pang'ono, osiyana lamanzere kumbali chibayo, pomwe amaganiza ndi iwiri amaganiza.
• Ngati m'mapapo ndi kuvutika gawo laling'ono la izo - ndi gawo (chomwe zigwirizana chiwerengero cha kuwala) ndi wapezeka chibayo segmental. Mwachitsanzo, mu m'mapapo anakhudzidwa wachibadidwe kudziwa chibayo woyambira.
• A onse thupi Kuphunzira (kuchuluka kwa kuunika) amapereka chibayo lobar. The aakulu mawonekedwe izo - lobar chibayo.
• Nthawi zambiri zimachitika, sikunali kotheka mu nthawi kuletsa kutupa. Pankhaniyi, limafotokoza thupi lonse ndi amatchedwa chibayo okwana.

Chibayo imatengedwa chachikulu pamene anayamba kulankhulana ndi matenda ena aliwonse.

chibayo Secondary chifukwa cha matenda ena (ofanana zosinthika - chifukwa chifuwa) ndi silipita. Pamene chibayo sekondale ankachitira mu malo oyamba, matenda waukulu ndi mu kufanana - chibayo kwambiri.

Mmodzi wa chibayo owopsa - immunodeficient. Iwo amaukira matenda odwala immunocompromised, kuphatikizapo akhanda, amene chitetezo si koma nthawi kukulitsa. Kuwonekera pa maziko a immunodeficiency, chibayo ngati likuthandiza chuma cha lake lonse, amene sakhoza tipewe. Ofa ndi chibayo ngati kwambiri.

Pa chipatala (nosocomial) chibayo, chipatala odwala (makamaka achikulire), ndi makanda mu zipatala umayi ndi matenda tizilombo zoipa, okhoza tisamamve mankhwala. Community-anapeza chibayo ndi infestations amenewa zogwirizana.

chibayo chifukwa cha tizilombo osiyana ndi chiyani?

wothandizila Causative a chibayo, monga ulamuliro, ndi mabakiteriya pneumococcus. Mu gulu lina la iwo - Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. tizilomboto awa, ngakhale ntchito kwambiri komanso ngozi timakhala mankhwala.

N'zovuta kuti apange njira chithandizo ngati chibayo amayamba ndi tizilombo yeniyeni - Klebsiella ndi Legionella, mauka ndi mycoplasma. zomera Umenewu ndi Transitional pakati mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ambiri. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amenewa akhoza kuukira mapapo ndi bronchi kwa kanthawi kochepa, nalanda ndi ochulukirapo thupi la dziko. Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chibayo nosocomial. Nkhani ya kukhala ndi matenda Zikatero - by mpaka okwana chibayo focal, katundu Mapa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi m'mapapo minofu njira ziwiri: mwa dongosolo kupuma kapena kudzera m'magazi. Kupita ku bronchi, ndi tizilombo ali waikamo mwa iwo ndipo anayamba kuchulukana. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kuonera ena matenda mawonekedwe, dokotala likumaliza kutupa bronchioles (m'mapapo mwanga bronchial nthambi mu lobules a). Kufalitsa kutupa kwa machubu bronchial wa alveoli amachititsa chibayo focal. Komanso, alveoli pali mankhwala a ntchito tizilombo - madzimadzi. Iwo overlaps lumens Mitsempha, ndi kwa mapapo mu magazi ikutha kuyenda oxygen. Kuopsa kwa gawo lino, simungathe ngakhale ndemanga.

njira chibayo matenda anawagawa zikuluzikulu ndi zapamwamba.

Njira yaikulu ndi:

• X-ray phunziro;
• kutenga sputum kufufuza tosaoneka;
• kutenga sputum kwa kufesa (chikhalidwe tizilombo kuchulukitsa zokolola zasayansi, kubalana ndondomeko zimawonedwa ndi kusanthula);
• kutenga ambiri kusanthula magazi;
• atayezetsa pa sayansi;
• kuchititsa kusanthula mpweya magazi.

njira zina:

• kompyuta tomographic phunziro;
• biopsy minofu m'mapapo;
• Mkodzo.

Kusankha njira chili ndi dokotala, amene akutuluka zizindikiro chithunzi ndi syndromes a chibayo.

Kuchipatalako, monga ulamuliro, anasankha mankhwala. The yeniyeni iwo anatola, m'pamene kudzakhala nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda a.

Masiku anali katemera pneumococcus. Khalani wasonyeza kuti n'zothandiza. Kodi kukhala mwana wa zaka sukulu mawu amene zotchulidwa dokotala.

Ngakhale ngati chibayo ndi kudzachiritsidwa, amachoka kuda mu thupi zilakolako zoipa, zomwe zimachititsa mopitirira za chitukuko cha matenda aakulu.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani zimenezi chibayo segmental kukhudza pa nkhani ya chibayo mycoplasma.

Popeza chibayo segmental anakhudzidwa yekha gawo la m'mapapo minofu pa x-ray kuoneka bwino malire a m'dera. Ndi penapake mosavuta vuto matenda.

Ngati segmental chibayo, wopepuka, amatha cyclically (ndi kunyamuka ndi kubwerera zizindikiro). Area minofu akhudzidwa resorption limapezeka pafupifupi 5 masiku 9 kuyambira kumayambiliro a matenda.

Nthawi zambiri kumachitika atelectasis (m'mapapo n'kugwa, simungathe osokoneza ndi kutaya ntchito kupuma mu zinkakhala m'dera).

Pamene matenda atelectasis amakhala protracted - masabata ndi miyezi. Anagona m'mapapo minofu Zidamera fibrous (connective) minofu. Fibrous minofu si waluso pogwira ntchito apadera, izo sizingakhoze nawo kupuma. Mu m'mapapo mabacteria fibrotic anapanga ndi mfundo kupuma maganizo - akufa.

Chifukwa, segmental chibayo angathe aakulu m'mapapo kutupa ndi fibrosis (owonjezera kuchuluka atelectasis matenda).

M'mapapo mwanga fibrosis ndi wosachiritsika. moyo wodwala adzakhala amazunza kufupika kwambiri chifukwa cha mpweya. Thupi chifukwa cha kusowa ntchito kupuma, adzapitiriza kuona kusowa oxygen.

Mycoplasma chibayo chifukwa cha tizilomboto kuti kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena (penicillin, streptomycin, etc.). Pa nthawi yomweyo, mycoplasma sangathe kukana kumwa mankhwalawa mankhwala.

Kukhala mycoplasma mu ziwalo urogenital. Kuchokera kumeneko kudzera m'magazi chimatilowetsa dongosolo kupuma. matenda sing'anga mosadziwa akhoza kupatsira munthu wathanzi m'malovu airborne (mpweya pa izo, kuyetsemula kapena chifuwa), ndipo kulankhula kugonana. chibayo ili pakati zoopsa: pali matenda intrauterine wa mwana wosabadwayo.

Matendawa amapezeka m'njira zotsatirazi:

• pachimake kupuma matenda (kutupa kwa mkati pamalo airway);
• pachimake chibayo;
• urethritis (kutupa mkodzo ndi);
• matenda yotupa matenda.

chibayo Mycoplasma amaliona ndi tetracycline, komanso njira yapadera ndi mtundu uliwonse wa chibayo. njira zimenezi ndi monga mankhwala ndi mpweya ndi bronchodilators (mankhwala, chifukwa cha zomwe phwando dilate bronchi, ndi mphepoyi imayamba mwayi m'mapapo).

Mycoplasma chibayo zanyengo yabwino. Komabe, ngati mulibe zindikirani isanayambike matenda ndi kuyamba mankhwala mochedwa, zosokonezeka nkotheka kapena imfa.

A ulendowu mwachidule mu sayansi kutupa kwa mapapu pofuna razyasnit chibayo chomwe, amathandiza kukumbutsa owerenga za kuopsa matenda. Youma, "kukuwa" chifuwa, amene nthawi zonse akufikira kukhala olimba kwambiri chowawa, kutentha thupi pang'ono, analephera kuwayankha mankhwala antipyretic - chifukwa mankhwala mwamsanga kwa dokotala. Makamaka ngati tikulankhula za ana a zaka sukulu ndipo anthu okalamba.