Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anapanga moraine? diluvium

Zatsalira wa miyala zidatunsidwa glacier pa mtunda osiyana, limene anapanga moraine. Monga mbali ya misa osiyanasiyanawo angapezeke particles dongo, mchenga, zatsalira miyala, komanso akalumikidzidwa osiyana ndi makulidwe miyala striated m'njira inayake ndipo ndi grooves pamwamba pake.

Glacial madipoziti ndi landforms

Oundana amagwira ntchito mapangidwe zimachititsa chilumbachi Dziko Lapansi. Iwo anapanga mu mabacteria ndi nyengo ya m'madera kumalo ozizira pa okwera mkulu mu mapiri. kayendedwe glacier ndi chifukwa cha makhalidwe ayezi, luso kusintha malo kufinya ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo malo ofunika akuchita plasticity ayezi, amene kumawonjezera mogwirizana mwachindunji kwa kutentha. Monga ulamuliro, gululi chikuchitika mu kuya 30-mita.

Pamene galimoto akhoza kusintha mtundu wapachiyambi ayezi anapanga gulu lililonse ming'alu, makutu mosiyanasiyana osiyana ndi makulidwe. Koma liwiro kayendedwe, ndiye pafupifupi ang'ono, kufika pa 100 meters pa chaka. Chifukwa cha limatsogolera madzi oundana anapanga utuluke mwa meltwater ndi lonse nyanja glacial, imene imakhudza mapangidwe latsopano, anasintha zikuchokera madipoziti ndi kusintha mu Edene.

Mitundu ya madipoziti glacial

Pafupifupi gawo limodzi la dziko lapansili okhaokha oundana ndigwira. Tsopano chithunzi ndi 10%. Ngakhale glaciation umodzi angachititse masinthidwe lonse. madipoziti onse ayezi zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: zosankhidwa ndi unsorted.

Tsatirani funso, zotsatira zake zinali zakuti anapanga moraine, m'pofunika kulongosola bwino madipoziti glacial limakhudza mitundu iliyonse. unsorted kwathunthu izo sizingakhoze dzina, ngakhale adzaupereka kwa gulu ili. Morena ndi zinyalala bwino zosankhidwa, kaya mwachindunji chikufanana podikira glacier.

Gulu ena zikuphatikizapo zotsala glacial zosankhidwa madzi. Iwo akadali agawanika pa Division pafupi glacier, mu mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi izo, ndi zotsalira zomwe mwasambitsidwa kupitirira mitsinje kapena mitsinje isungunuke.

Madipoziti pa kukhudzana glacier

Zosanjidwa glacial madipoziti ndi mwachilungamo zosiyanasiyana kapangidwe, kudzera mmene mungaonere ndi masiyanidwe a mitundu mpumulo. Chidwi kwambiri ndi madipoziti pa kukhudzana ndi glacier. ndi mapangidwe monga masitepe kame zinangokhalako kudzikundikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamodzi m'mbali mwa ayezi glacier, ndi makamaka zigwa ndi malo. Pamene ayezi amasungunuka, makombo munalekanitsidwa pamodzi m'mbali mwa zigwa. Amene akugwa pansi ayezi, zinachititsa n'kugwa ndi kugumuka. phiri anandiyitana ophunzira kamami.

Eskers - wina Zolongosoledwa glacial chitayiko, chokhala yoweyula ngati zitunda, wopangidwa mwa miyala ikuluikulu ndi miyala mchenga. Padangokhala iwo anali pansi pa m'ngalande bere ndi kawirikawiri osankhidwa padziko.

Moraine: khalidwe la E. V. Shantseru

moraines zazikulu wapangidwa ndi particles osiyanasiyana kukula, kuyambira dongo, kutsiriza ndi changati chimwalacho lapansi. mbali khalidwe ndi areal zosayembekezereka, cholimba mtundu clastic zakuthupi ndi zigawo palibe zoonekeratu. Zina gulu nkhani ya mtundu umenewu moraine, yodziwika ndi osalimba mkulu, angagwe macheka zatsalira, atypical kwathunthu am'derali. Chifukwa durability ake, chuma ichi chikhonza mwakhama ntchito yomanga.

Kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe mtundu wa moraine ali ndi chikoka chachikulu kapangidwe miyala ya glacier. Pamene chimasungunula pa chigwa otsetsereka nambala inayake ya mtundu zigawo longline kuti akhoza kupanga lonse moraine masitepe. The madipoziti wamkulu ndi zinyalala lotayirira ndi ankawachotsera kapena kwathunthu kukokoloka ndi madzi Sungunulani, chipwirikiti phiri mitsinje.

Morena wapangidwa formations glacial

Glacial gulu m'dambo yodziwika ndi zosiyanasiyana lalikulu, kuphatikizapo:

• glacial moraines;
• m'dambo glaciofluvial ku kusungunuka oundana;
• limnoglyatsialnye zotsala za madzi glacial;
• madipoziti solifluction;
• glacial m'madzi m'dambo.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anapanga moraine? madipoziti izi ayezi formations ali bwino zosankhidwa ndi zidutswa ndi mawonekedwe a milu ya midadada osiyana, miyala, wothira mchenga ndi dongo. Koyamba, misa lonse kwathunthu kochitika mwachisawawa njira, koma izo siziri. Kupenda kumuyandikirabe Ndizachidziwikire kuti limatsogolera ayezi mkati zigawo moraine anasamutsa mu maziko ake. Koma nthawi zina amphamvu pansi-ayezi mitsinje kotheratu osambitsidwa moraine, chifukwa ndilo ambiri boulders lalikulu.

mitundu itatu moraines

moraines glacial ndi a mitundu itatu. Internal glacial moraine popangidwa ndi malowedwe a zinyalala mu zigawo lamkati la ayezi. Pa kayendedwe ka kuwundana wa kusinthasintha mtunda iwo amakhala ndi kugwa m'njira ya miyala, boulders, mchenga ndi dongo. Pansi moraine popangidwa ndi kuchipala ndi posamutsa zatsalira thanthwe, ndi zina, malingana ndi zinthu zina za mphamvu ndi liwiro kuyenda amanyamula zinthu pamodzi yokha, m'munsi ndi zigawo zakuya ayezi.

moraines osachiritsika anapanga, monga ulamuliro, m'mphepete mwa glacier. Miyala imeneyi wodzazidwa apezeka anapanga pamene malire glacier inali nthawi yaitali pamalo amodzi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo glacier anakamba nkhani apa mosalekeza latsopano detrital. Izi ndi zotheka pa nkhani ya zoletsa kuyenda kwa glacier chifukwa zolosera kapena mavuto ena. Mapeto moraine ndi maonekedwe awo akufanana mapiri ndi zitunda kuti ndi kufanana kwa wina ndi mzake. nyumba zimenezo zimaphatikizapo osati thanthwe lolimba, koma zigawo lotayirira mtsinje kapena nyanja m'dambo amene adatenga glacier.

Moraine: Gawo mawotchi

Mu kapangidwe kake, ndi moraine ndi kuchuluka kwambiri. Zotsatirazi mitundu ya moraine glacial:

• miyala;
• mchenga;
• mchenga loam;
• loamy;
• dongo.

Mu mawonekedwe woyera moraine yosowa kwambiri, kawirikawiri amapezeka pa malo enieni wosanganiza zikuchokera. Bwino oterewa ndi kuphunzira madipoziti glacial kafukufuku wina wa miyala ndi zipangizo sikokwanira, muyenera kumvetsa ubwenzi wawo paragenetic ndi mabungwe ena.

mbali yapadera ya moraine ndi

Mipikisano chidutswa zinthu amusankha glacier kutsetsereka, umene moraine kupangidwa, amene angathe kusamutsidwa (makina) ndi kuchedwa (ayezi anasiyanitsidwa formations ayezi mitundu majini). Morena pakhale monga mawonekedwe osiyana malo glacial. Makamaka wapangidwa ndi m'dambo lotayirira kuti zikusonyeza kuti zigwa, drumlins ndi moraine mapiri ndi reliefs.

Water-glacial madipoziti zopezera njira ya sedimentation mu zigawo chapamwamba glacier. Morena mtundu uwu wadzadza ndi miyala coarse ndi boulders lalikulu. madipoziti mapeto kupangidwa pa mfundo yomaliza ya kusuntha glacier kwa chiyambi cha kusungunuka. Moraine zikuchokera mchere (khwatsi, Mica, feldspar) mwachindunji amadalira miyala okha podmyatyh pansi ayezi thupi. Iwo nawonso anakopeka ndi udindo wa glacial moraine ku misa, komanso kusintha njira zatsalira pa maulendo yaitali.

Glacial madipoziti ndi onse chokhala ndi lamapiri. Iwo amasiyana chiwerengero cha magawo, mu njira ya mpumulo mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe, zikuchokera ndi mitundu chitayiko makamaka.