Chifukwa madzi a m'botolo - ndi swindle lalikulu kwa zaka za m'ma?

Palibe chabwino kuposa kapu ya madzi oundana ozizira tsiku lotentha chilimwe. Anthu ena madziwo kwaulere, ena kugula tsiku lililonse. Ngati chotengera madzi ndalama zimene mumathera pa izo, kapena kanthu kuposa chisokonezo ndi?

Ndi khalidwe la madzi m'botolo ndi kachizindikiro

Malinga ndi kafukufuku linachita ku United States, khalidwe la madzi mpopi ndi botolo pafupifupi ofanana, ndipo ali ndi cholinga chofanana pa thanzi la munthu. Nthawi zina, wapampopi madzi ikhoza kukhla otetezeka monga iwo amakhala bwino kutsukidwa.

Kumene, pali kuchotserapo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu amene ntchito zitsime payekha, sangathe kuchita chimodzimodzi okhwima mayesero, amene ntchito kutsegula magwero m'mizinda. Komanso, magwero kupitiriza ntchito ngakhale akamva ngozi.

Komabe, pali zifukwa zambiri kusiya kugula madzi m'botolo. Werengani pa kuphunzira za kumwa mfundo madzi kuti sadamvepo.

Amene woyamba anatulukira kugulitsa madzi m'botolo

The oyamba olembedwa mlandu kugulitsa madzi mu mabotolo zinachitika mu Boston mu 1760 pamene kampani wotchedwa Jackson Spa anayamba kuthira madzi mu botolo ndi kugulitsa ngati mchere ndi. Ntchito zoperekedwa zolinga achire. Posakhalitsa kampani Saratoga Springs ndi Albany ndinayamba CD ndi kugulitsa madzi.

Kutchuka kwa madzi m'botolo

Kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'botolo anthu oledzera padziko lonse, woimira 10% wa mowa okwana. Best wa onse madzi chotengera anagulitsa mu United States. America Modern kumwa madzi m'botolo zambiri kuposa mkaka kapena mowa.

chaka chatha mu United States chiwerengero cha madzi amagulitsidwa mabotolo kwa nthawi yoyamba kuposa chiwerengero cha koloko. Choncho, madzi a m'botolo efficiently reorganized msika chakumwa. Zimenezi zinanenedwa ndi Michael C. Bellas - wapampando wa Board ndi CEO wa Chakumwa Marketing.

opindulitsa malonda

madzi a m'botolo ndi mtengo. Munthu amene wakonda madzi a m'botolo, ndalama ndi nthawi 300 lalikulu kuposa munthu asankha madzi kuchokera wapampopi. Koma akatswiri amanena kuti chithunzi akhoza kukhala apamwamba.

Kampani yopanga koloko timadziwa mmene yopindulitsa ndi kugulitsa madzi chotengera. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe koka-Cola ndi PepsiCo anayamba aganyali mu mtundu uwu wa mankhwala. Komanso, kampani "Pepsi" zaposachedwapa anamasulidwa 30 chachiwiri malonda kuti imalengeza watsopano m'mabotolo madzi umafunika otchedwa LIFEWTR.

Kodi kuonera makasitomala

Koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ku America ambiri, madzi a m'botolo ndi woposa munthu amene amatuluka kuchokera wapampopi. Ndipotu lipoti posachedwapa amanena chakuti pafupifupi theka la madzi onse chotengera kwenikweni waikidwa wapampopi madzi. Mu 2007 "Pepsi» (Aquafina) ndi Nestle (Koyera Moyo) kusintha zolemba zawo molondola kwambiri kusonyeza chiyero cha madzi ake.

Amene ali ndi udindo pa khalidwe madzi

Dinani madzi nthawi aone ubwino ndi kuipitsa zambiri kuposa madzi m'botolo. Pochititsa mayesero amenewa United States ndi amene Protection Environmental Agency.

Komabe, khalidwe la madzi wapampopi siyana kwambiri malingana ndi kumene mumakhala.

Mwachitsanzo, mamembala a chirichonse mwa mabanja 15 miliyoni American, amene makamaka amakhala kumidzi ndi kusonkhanitsa madzi m'zitsime payekha sadziwa woyera ndi chifukwa Protection Environmental Agency si kuwunika ubwino wake. Zikatero, ndi udindo chifukwa chitetezo cha madzi zinagwera homeowner, malinga ndi malo cha boma cha Agency. Izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi akumwa, kuphatikizapo m'zitsime angakhalire oipa.

zosafunika woopsawo

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti madzi kuchokera mzitsime ambiri payekha si abwino kumwa. Lipoti la chaka cha 2011 amatanthauza 13% zitsime payekha, Akatswiriwa anaphunzira ku America. Anapeza kuti iwo onse ali chinthu chimodzi (mwachitsanzo, Arsenic kapena ureniamu), anthu ambiri amene alumphe malire chovomerezeka.

Kuwonjezereka posachedwapa kutchuka kwa madzi m'botolo likhoza kulumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka mantha chiyero cha madzi. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti 63% ya ku America nkhawa nkhani ya kumwa kuipitsidwa madzi. Izi ndi apamwamba kuchuluka kuyambira mu 2001.

Kodi timasiyanitsa kukoma kwa madzi m'botolo ku wapampopi?

Pankhani kukoma kwa madzi, ambiri a ife mwina sadzatha kuuza kusiyana. Osati kale litali, ofufuza ku University Boston anachititsa kuyesera kumene ophunzira ankayenera kusiyanitsa madzi kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana kulawa ndi maso anu chitsekere. Kunapezeka kuti lachitatu lokha la ophunzira onse amene anali nawo kuyesera anali wokhoza kuthana ndi ntchito imeneyi.

Kodi pakufunika kupanga mabotolo pulasitiki

Ulimi wa madzi m'botolo - ndi ndondomeko yaikulu, amene amagwiritsa kwambiri chuma. Phunziro, amene anaonekera mu magazini ya "Mfundo Environmental ofufuza" anapeza kuti ulimi wa madzi a m'botolo, amene waledzera mu America mu 2007, anali kuthera pafupifupi miliyoni 32-54 migolo ya mafuta.

Komanso, kutulutsa botolo pulasitiki amafuna madzi kuposa kudzaza izo. Kafukufuku wa posachedwapa ndi bungwe la International madzi a m'botolo Association, anasonyeza kuti North America makampani ntchito malita 1,39 wa madzi kutulutsa botolo lita pulasitiki.

zinyalala pulasitiki ndi kuipitsa

Inu mukhoza kuganiza kuti mabotolo kuti tikhalebe pambuyo madzi, osachepera recyclable. Koma mu mfundo imodzi yokha mwa mabotolo asanu America ntchito, igwera mu nkhokwe ndi moyenera, akhoza zobwezerezedwanso. zina amatayidwa kulikonse, ndipo amaipitsa malo, kenako kugwa m'nyanja dziko. Monga mabotolo pulasitiki kuwola zaka zana, chikhalidwe alibe nthawi kuti tichotse iwo, chifukwa tsiku lililonse ife kuthamangitsa mtanda watsopano zinyalala zoterozo.

Choncho nthawi yotsatira, angaganize kawiri asankha kugula botolo china cha madzi akumwa: mwina sikuthandiza.