Chigawo cha Vilnius ndi chimodzi cha masamba a mbiri ya Russia

Chigawo cha Vilnius chili ndi anthu oposa 1 miliyoni, ndipo kamodzi kokha ku ufumu wa Russia monga ulamuliro wodzilamulira komanso wogwirizana, anakhala malo a mbiriyakale. Lero gawo lake ligawanika pakati pa Belarus ndi Lithuania, ndipo mzinda waukulu wa Vilna, wotembenuza dzina, wasanduka Vilnius odziŵika kwambiri.

Gubernia, yopangidwa ndi lamulo la Catherine II

Pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Apolisi motsogoleredwa ndi Kosciuszko kunatha mu 1794, boma la Polish-Lithuania linasinthidwa. Chaka chotsatira, Russia, Austria ndi Prussia inasaina mgwirizano umene aliyense wa iwo anachotsa mbali ya gawo la Rech Pospolita wopanduka. Zochitikazi zinatsika m'mbiri mwa mutu wakuti "Gawo Lachitatu la Poland".

Malinga ndi chikalata cholembedwa, Ufumu wa Russia unalandira malo a kum'maŵa kwa Bug ndi kumalire ndi mzere wa Grodno-Nemirov, malo onse omwe anali makilomita 120,000. Chaka chotsatira, motsogoleredwa ndi Mfumukazi Catherine II, chigawo cha Vilna chinakhazikitsidwa pa iwo, chomwe chinali pakati pa mzinda wa Vilna (Vilnius masiku ano).

Kusintha kwasintha kwa chigawo cha Vilnius

Kuyambira tsiku limene adapanga, chigawochi chinagawidwa m'zigawo khumi ndi chimodzi: Shavelsky, Troki, Rossien, Kovensky, Vilkomirsky, Braslav, Upitsky, Telshevsky, Oshmyansky, Zavileysky ndi Vilensky. Komabe, Paul I, amene adatenga mpando wachifumu mu 1796, adayamba kulamulira ndi machitidwe ambiri a maulamuliro ndi maiko omwe adakhudza makamaka chigawo chatsopano.

Malingana ndi lamulo lake la 12 December, 1796, chigawo cha Vilnius chinagwirizanitsa ndi ulamuliro wa Slonim, chifukwa cha chigawo cha Lithuanian chinawonekera pa mapu a Russia zaka zimenezo, malo olamulira omwe adakali mzinda wa Vilna.

Mapangidwe apangidwe omwe adakhazikitsidwa kumene anakhalapo zaka zisanu zokha ndipo atatha kulamulira ku ufumu wa Alexander I anagawilidwanso kukhala madera odzilamulira okha. Chigawo choyambirira cha Slonim chinatchedwa Grodno, ndi chigawo cha Vilna kufikira 1840 kutchedwa chigawo cha Lithuanian-Vilnius.

Kubwezeretsanso komaliza kwa chigawochi

Panthawi yomaliza chigawo cha Vilna cha ufumu wa Russia chinasintha malemba ake pamapu mu 1843, panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nicholas I. Zigawo zisanu ndi ziŵiri zomwe zinalipo kale - Novoaleksandrovsky, Vilkomirsky, Shavelsky, Koven, Rossien, Telshevsky ndi Panevezhsky - adagawidwa kuti azidziimira okhaokha ndipo adakhazikitsa Kovno Province.

Motero, miyeso yake inachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mpaka itatha mu 1920, chigawo cha Vilna chinali ndi zigawo za Troki, Oshmyansky, Sventsyansky ndi Vilna. Anayanjananso ndi a m'madera akumidzi a Grodno ndi Minsk a Disna, Vileika, ndi Lida.

Chiwerengero ndi chiwerengero cha anthu a chigawochi

Mu 1897, chiwerengero cha anthu onse chinkachitika ku Russia, zotsatira zake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aweruzidwe kuti ndi ndani yemwe adakhalapo m'chigawo cha Vilna. Mndandanda wa malo omwe anthu amakhalapo olembetsa anthu omwe akukhalapo amayang'anira mbali yonse ya kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19.

Malinga ndi deta yomwe ilipo, anthu onse anali 1 591 308, omwe a Belarus anali 52.2%, a Lithuanians - 13.7%, Ayuda - 17.1%, Asilamu - 12.4% ndi Russia okha 4.7%. Amadziwikanso kuti chiŵerengero cha magulu a anthu ndi chikhalidwe chawo malinga ndi chipembedzo chawo. Ambiri mwa iwo anali Akatolika - 58.7%, otsatiridwa ndi Orthodox - 27.8%, Ayuda anali pafupifupi 12,8%. Zomwe zinkawoneka m'zaka makumi khumi zapitazo za chigawo cha XIX la Vilnius.

Olemekezeka, komanso anthu ambiri omwe ankakhala m'dera lawo, sanalandire kusintha kwawo ndipo pa Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe inapereka thandizo kwa bungwe la White Guard, motero adziika okha kukhala otsutsa a Soviet Union. Komabe, sakanatha kusintha kwambiri mbiri yakale.

Kuthetsedwa kwa chigawochi ndi kugawa gawo lawo

Mu 1920, nkhondo yomenyana pakati pa Russia, Belarus, Ukraine ndi Ukraine, itatha, mgwirizano wa mtendere unatha. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi, yolembedwa pa March 18, 1921 ku Riga, chigawo cha Vilnius chinaleka kukhalapo ngati boma lodzilamulira.

Mfundo zomalizira zowonjezera pa ine zinayikidwa mu October 1939, pamene, kunyalanyaza maganizo a boma la Belarus, utsogoleri wa Soviet Union, mzinda wa Vilna, komanso Vilna dera, adaperekedwa ku Lithuania kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Panganoli linaperekanso ufulu wokhala ndi asilikali 20,000 amphamvu kwambiri a Soviet m'dziko la Lithuania. Kuchokera apo, pokhala likulu la Republic of Lithuania, lomwe linadzakhala mbali ya USSR, mzindawu unasintha dzina lake lakale ku Vilnius.