"Kwa aliyense malinga ndi zosoŵa zawo, kuchokera kumodzi malinga ndi luso lawo" ndilo liwu lachikominisi

Chikomyunizimu cha sayansi ku USSR chinali chiphunzitso chokhwima kwa ophunzira onse apamwamba. Aphunzitsi omwe ali odziwa bwino kuyankhulana kwake kumaganizidwe a achinyamata omwe amamuwona kuti ndiwopereka chilango chachikulu, osadziŵa kuti katswiri aliyense wachinyamata amadziwika kuti sadziŵika bwino ndipo sanaphunzitsidwe mokwanira. Kuonjezera apo, mwana aliyense wophunzira sukulu anayenera kuphunzira nkhani za malamulo a USSR, zomwe zimayambitsa mfundo za chikomyunizimu, cholinga chofunika kwambiri cha dziko lonse la Soviet Union. Koma adayenera kuti afikire, koma tsopano anthu amakhala mmalo mwa chikhalidwe chosakhazikika .

Udindo wa ndalama

Ndalama pansi pa Socialism sizinathetsedwe, zonsezi zimafuna kupeza. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti ndani ali nazo zambiri, amagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo chifukwa chake, ndipo phindu lawo likudalira. Miyeso yabwino kwambiri ya chitukuko cha chiyanjano inalengezedwa kuti chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe ndi chikominisi. Kusiyana pakati pa machitidwewa, komabe, kunali kovuta kwambiri. Kuwamvetsa pakati pa anthu kumakhala koyambirira (sipadzakhala ndalama, kutenga chilichonse chimene mukufuna mu sitolo) kwa sayansi (kulengedwa kwa munthu watsopano, superstructure-maziko, mfundo ndi luso, etc.). Ntchito ya ofalitsa ena anali ovuta - ankafunikira kupeza mtundu wina wa golidi, chifukwa maiko ambiri sanakhale nawo "sayansi ya sayansi yonse," yomwe inali chinthu chachikulu chachinyengo. Mfundo yosavuta kwambiri ya moyo wamakono yakhazikitsidwa mulamulo la "Stalin". Kumeneku kunanenedwa bwino kuti aliyense ayenera kugwira ntchito mwakukhoza kwake, ndipo adzalandira mphoto malinga ndi ntchito yomwe idakhazikika. Chotsatira cha moyo wa Soviet chinakhazikitsidwa mofanana ndi lamulo lalikulu la 1977.

Zotsatira

Ngakhale otsutsa odzipereka kwambiri a Marxism adakakamizika kuvomereza kuti malingaliro a chikominisi sanatuluke pamutu wochenjera wa mlembi wa chiphunzitso chopititsa patsogolo kwambiri, koma anali chifukwa cha kusindikizidwa kwa "zigawo zitatu" zomwe zinachokera ku "magulu atatu" monga V.I Lenin. Mmodzi mwa makiyi opatsa moyo wa sayansi unali wosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chaumulungu, amene anayambitsa chikhalidwe cha afilosofi ndi wafilosofi dzina lake Saint Simon. Ndi kwa iye amene ife tikuyenera kutchuka kwambiri kwa mawu omwe anakhala chigamulo cha Socialist World Order: "Kwa aliyense molingana ndi ntchito yake, kuchokera payekha malinga ndi kuthekera kwake." Poyamba, Saint Simon analembanso Louis Blanc omwewo m'nkhani yokhudza bungwe la ntchito (1840). Ndipo ngakhale kale, kufalitsa kwabwinoko kwa mankhwalawa kunalalikidwa ndi Morelli ("Code of Nature ...", 1755). Karl Marx adatchula Saint Simon ku Critique of the Gotha Program mu 1875.

Chipangano Chatsopano ndi mfundo ya "aliyense monga mwa zosoŵa, kuchokera kwa aliyense monga mwa mphamvu"

Ngati tiphunzira kukula kwa lingaliro laumunthu ponena za kugawa kwa ntchito yothandizira phindu lopindula, ndiye kuti wina angakayikire kuti chilankhulo cha Marxists chiri m'Chipangano Chatsopano, momwe amalengezera kuti aliyense ayenera kulandira zomwe akufuna. Pochita izi ndi zofanana ndi "aliyense malinga ndi zosowa, kuchokera payekha malinga ndi luso." Kusiyana kokha kuli m'mawu. Choncho, chikhalidwe cha chikomyunizimu chimapanga chikondi chachikristu cha Chipangano Chatsopano potsutsa chilungamo cha anthu.

Kodi mungachite chiyani ndi malowa?

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa socialism ndi capitalism ndi umwini wothandizira njira zopangira zofunikira m'dongosolo lino . Bungwe lililonse lachinsinsi likugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwekugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa munthu ndi kulangidwa malinga ndi lamulo lachigawenga. Kodi chikhalidwe ndi chiani cha boma pansi pa Socialism. Ndipo anthu amtundu wotchuka kwambiri monga Thomas More ndi Henri de Saint Simon, komanso mndandanda wa zochitika motsatira mwathu, Marx ndi Engels amakhulupilira kuti cholowa chilichonse mu gulu labwino cha anthu sichivomerezeka. Kuwonjezera apo, boma pansi pa communism liyenera kufa chifukwa chachabechabechabe. Potero, chuma, chaumwini, chikhalidwe, ndi katundu wa anthu ayenera kutaya tanthauzo lake. Zimangoganizira chabe momwe polojekitiyi idzagwiritsidwire ntchito.

Vuto la Utatu monga Mirror ya Revolution

Marxism-Leninism inatsimikizira kuti kusintha kwabwino kupita kumalo apamwamba a chikhalidwe ndikofunikira kuthetsa ntchito ya katatu. Kuti pasakhale mikangano mugawenga wa mankhwala, chiwerengero chokwanira chikufunika, chomwe padzakhala phindu lambiri, kuti padzakhala okwanira kwa aliyense, ndipo adakalipobe. Kenaka, sikuti aliyense akumvetsa mfundo yokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa maubwenzi apadera, obadwa okha ku chikominisi. Ndipo palibe chodziwikiratu kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ntchito zitatu ndi kulenga munthu watsopano yemwe sakusowa zilakolako zonse, sakusowa chuma, amakhala wokwanira, amangoganizira za phindu la anthu. Zitangochitika zigawo zonse zitatu, pamphindi yomweyo chikhalidwe cholekanitsa chikhalidwe ndi chikominisi chidzayendetsedwa. Kusiyanasiyana kwa njira yothetsera vutolili kunawonetsedwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku Soviet Russia kupita ku Kampuchea. Palibe mayesero olimbitsa mtima omwe alephera.

Chiphunzitso ndi Kuchita

Communism Soviet anthu akhala akudikira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Malinga ndi lonjezo la Mlembi Woyamba wa Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU, NS Khrushchev, chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu muzochitika zonse zidzakhazikitsidwa momwe anthu angachiritse molingana ndi mfundo "kwa aliyense malinga ndi zosoŵa, kuchokera kwa aliyense malinga ndi luso." Izi sizinachitike mwamsanga pa zifukwa zitatu, zogwirizana ndi mfundo zitatu za ntchito zitatu. Ngati chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu cha zaka makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri mu USSR adayamba kugawaniza mankhwala, ndiye kuti nkhondoyo siidzatha popanda kutsutsana. Izi zinatsimikiziridwa panthawi ina, panthawi yopanga ndalama padera pazaka zapakati pa 90ties. Ndi ubale, nayenso, mwanjira ina sizinagwire ntchito, ndipo pokhapokha za munthu watsopano ... Zinakhala zolimba kwambiri. Nzika zowonongedwa ndi njala za dziko lakale lalikulu zinali ndi chifundo cha maganizo osiyana, kulalikira umbombo. Zinali zotheka kuzindikira chilakolako cha kupindulitsa osati zonse.

Pamapeto pake,

Anthu a chikomyunizimu adalowa m'mbiri ya anthu monga imodzi mwazinthu zopanda ntchito. Chiwerengero cha kuyesa kusintha kwakukulu kwa mfundo zonse zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa kale ku Soviet Russia zinali zisanachitikepo. Nyumba zakale zinkasokonezedwa ndi akuluakulu atsopano, ndipo m'malo mwawo anakhazikitsidwa dongosolo lomwe linali losiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, m'mawu omwe amalalikira kuti onse ali ofanana, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagawaniza anthu kukhala "apamwamba" ndi "otsika". M'zaka zoyambirira pambuyo pa kusinthika, anthu okhala mu Kremlin anayamba kuganizira mozama za magalimoto a galasi yachifumu omwe ali oyenerera udindo wotengedwa ndi membala wa chipani. Mkhalidwe woterewu sungathe koma kuwonetsa kugwa kwa Socialist dongosolo mu nthawi yaifupi yochepa.

Ambiri amagonjetsa, mfundo yakuti "kwa aliyense malinga ndi zosowa, kuchokera payekha malinga ndi luso" ikuwonetsedwa ku kibbutzim, malo omwe boma limapanga m'dera la State of Israel. Aliyense kuchokera kwa okhala mumtunda wotere angapemphe kuti amupatse chinthu cha tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikuchivomereza ndi chofunikira. Chisankho chikupangidwa ndi tcheyamani. Pempho silinakwaniritsidwe nthawi zonse.