Zotsatira za Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe

Chochitika chachikulu kwambiri cha mbiri yazaka za m'ma 1900 ndi Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe.

Ku Russia mu 1917, udani woopsa pakati pa a Reds ndi a Whites unatha. Anthu adadzipereka okha kuti apambane ndi mfundo zawo komanso malingaliro awo.

Zotsatira za Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe zinaphatikizapo kugonjetsedwa kwa mphamvu zotsutsana ndi Bolshevik. The White Army ndi asilikali a interventionists anagonjetsedwa.

Ambiri mwa gawo la Russia chifukwa cha ntchito za usilikali anasungidwa, ndipo kuyesera malo ena kuti akhale osiyana ndi Soviet Republic anagonjetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi zida. Motero, zotsatira za nkhondo yapachiweniweni inali kugonjetsedwa kwa maboma a dziko ku Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine, Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia), kumpoto kwa Caucasus, Central Asia, kenako ku Far East ndi Siberia. Mphamvu za Soviet zinakhazikitsidwa m'madera onsewa. Zonsezi zinapanga zofunikira pakupanga mapulani mu 1922 a boma limodzi la USSR.

Zotsatira za Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe zinapanga ziphunzitso, ndale, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe cha dziko kuti boma la Bolshevik likhazikitsidwe. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, izi sizikutanthawuza kupambana kwa lingaliro la Chikomyunizimu, mawonekedwe a boma ndi ulamuliro wa aboma. Zotsatira za Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe ndizo kuthetsa zizoloŵezi zomwe zatsogolera dziko kumbali ya kumadzulo kwa chitukuko.

Pazifukwa za nkhondo, dziko lililonse likulimbana ndi zomwe zimatha kuchotsa anthu. Anthu akuluakulu pankhondo anali anthu, akavalo ndi mkate. Inde, anthu osauka sanapereke zonse mwaufulu (ngakhale zofiira kapena zoyera). Komabe, amphawi anatsutsa kukana kwa a Red Army kusiyana ndi White. Izi zinali chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Chifukwa chachikulu chinali kudana kwa azimayi ndi azinthu zoyang'anira za A Whites. Nthaŵi zina, pafupifupi mtunduwu sunakondwere. Enanso anali malingaliro kwa alimi a Reds.

Zotsatira za Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe ku Russia zinasonyeza kulephera kwa lingaliro lachifumu. White movement inalibe maziko olimba pakati pa dziko. Akuluakulu a boma anaika maganizo awo pamagulu ankhondo, kuphatikizapo njira zina zolimbana nazo. Ichi chinali chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za kugonjetsedwa kwa mtundu woyera.

Chilango chokhwima chinakhazikitsidwa mu Red Army (poyerekeza ndi zomwe zinalipo mu White Army). Njira zosiyanasiyana zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa asilikali, kufunikira kwakukulu kunali chifukwa cha udindo umodzi (udindo wamba chifukwa cha kuphwanya msilikali mmodzi ndi gulu lonse).

A Bolshevik adatsatira lamulo lomwe linapangitsa kuti asilikali a Red Army apambane, omwe aliyense amawawona ngati gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, zotsatira za Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe ya 1917 zinapanga zochitika zowonjezereka kudziko. Malinga ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, a Bolshevik anasamukira ku "nkhondo" maganizo awo onse a nkhondo kupita ku mtendere wamtendere. Pambuyo pake, mantha adasanduka mphamvu zofunikira. Njira zodabwitsa zogwiritsira ntchito zida zoyendetsera ntchito zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kutsutsana kwakukulu kwambiri.

Nkhondo yapachiweniweni inathera ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa umunthu ndi zakuthupi. Chiwonongeko chonsecho chinkawerengedwa pa ruble za golidi 50 biliyoni. Kuyenda kwa mafakitale kunagwera kasanu ndi kawiri, kayendetsedwe ka dziko kanali kovuta kwambiri, pamapeto a zaka zapitazo (19th) , mafuta ndi malasha adayendetsedwa, ndipo malo ofesedwawa adachepetsedwa. Anthu amakhala njala ya njala, panalibe mankhwala okwanira, nsapato, zovala. M'mizinda, malonda ambiri anali atatsekedwa (chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zipangizo). Kusakhala pakhomo kwa ana ndilo vuto lalikulu pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe.

Malingaliro ena akuti, chiŵerengero cha anthu chinachepa ndi anthu oposa 10 miliyoni chifukwa cha nkhondo, zomwe pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni awiri anachoka, anthu oposa atatu miliyoni omwe anafa ndi matenda ndi njala.