Chikhato - izi ndi zingati? Kodi chikhato? Kodi mawu akuti "inchi"?

Nthawi zina lero mungathe kumva mawu a chinenero Old Russia. Iwo kwambiri adalowa tsiku ndi tsiku popanda iwo, kumakhaladi kuzimiririka ndipo colorless. Komabe, mawu oterowo, nthawi zambiri sadziwa tanthauzo woona.

Tiyeni m'nkhani ino kumvetsa tanthauzo la mawu span, kodi m'litali, ndipo kodi mawu amenewa.

Kutanthauza, ndi mitundu ya utali

The Asilavo liwu anali matanthauzo ambiri. Woyamba atatu ( "Phazi", "burashi" ndi "ang'ono muyeso wa m'dera") anali mosakondera pang'onong'ono - mu ena m'zilembo.

Phindu chatha - muyeso wa kutalika - anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ambiri ndi lidakalipobe mpaka pano. Mu tanthauzo lake chakale chikhato - mtunda pakati pa nsonga ya chala chanu ndi mkombaphala, omwe analekana mu madera osiyana.

Ngati Tikayerekeza ndi njira zina za yaitali Ancient Lazaro, chithunzi chotsatirachi. Chikhato - ndi ciwiri la fathoms, kota ya bwalo kapena mainchesi anayi. Ngati ife kulankhula za miyeso kumadzulo, zidzakhala mainchesi zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Woikidwiratu wa muyeso wa kutalika - 18 masentimita. Koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utali, Tikambirana imeneyi.

etymology

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mawu amenewa anachokera ku mawu a Proto-Asilavo muzu "ngolo" lomwe kenako anasamukira m'zinenero zambiri.

Tanthauzo lenileni limene mbali ndi mizu ndi motere.

mawu Chilituyaniya ndi Chilativiya zokhudzana atakhala misampha ndi mumsampha. West Asilavo zinenero mawu ofanana kwa "zisanu", "kotala ya bwalo" ndi "Tambasula".

Ndiko kuti, Tingaone kuti chikhato - muyeso wa m'litali, kuyeza kuti mukufuna chinachake kutambasula. Ndipotu likukhalira zala za dzanja. Ndi n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu akuti "kotala".

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Mu mbiri ya zipilala Russian mabuku amenewa amawatchula ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka akhumi. Komabe, ngakhale mtengo pafupifupi kunali kovuta kudziwa mpaka mutapeza kulowa wa amwendamnjira kwa Land Woyera.

Mapale analembedwa miyezo ya Manda Opatulika. Wogonera, pokhala Palestine panthawi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera akhumi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, wotchedwa kanjedza ofanana. Chifukwa zimenezi, kuwerenga, kodi chikhatho chimodzi. Ichi ndi mmene Chimonko anayamba sizimene kugwadira kachisi, komanso vutolo zalembedwa kusunga deta kalekale m'mibadwo yanu!

Kodi tipita kunena lotsatira, onse anali utali wamba mitundu itatu. "Big", "zazing'ono" "ndi linatembunuka." Woyamba anali pafupifupi makumi awiri ndi zitatu, wachiwiri - khumi, ndi wachitatu - twente-seveni kapena sate wani centimeter.

Ambiri anachita chidwi, chifukwa "munthu linatembunuka." lophweka. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti poyambira anaika kumapeto kwa chala choyamba, ndiye kuvala mtunda pazipita mapeto a zosonyezera chala (zomwe ndi za 18 cm). Ndiyeno, ngati kupitiriza zoyenda ndi inertia, kumasula chala chachikulu ndi index kuvala mbali kumene msomali. Ife kuyeza, kotero wina ziwiri kapena zitatu phalanges pa. Likukhalira ngati linatembunuka.

Mwa njira, muyeso atsopano kutalika kumatanthauza Academician Rybakov, kuphunzira yomanga. Mu Russia, njerwa Anayesa ndendende opezeka linatembunuka.

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, iwo pang'onopang'ono anazimiririka ku ntchito za m'mizinda. Patsalanso m'midzi (otchulidwa mu zolembedwa za makulidwe a wosanjikiza wa chisanu m'minda) ndi yachipembedzo (anayeza mtengo zithunzi mipingo).

Mu ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo mu mapepala a boma zikuoneka mawu "inchi". Kuyeza kutalika tsopano wofanana akhumi imodzi fathoms. Koma moyo wake boma anali wamfupi ndipo posakhalitsa kutalika amatchedwa "kotala".

Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, Peter Wamkulu "akuigwiritsa" zenera ku Ulaya ndi zinthu zinasintha m'njira Western. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kutalika ndi wofanana mainchesi asanu ndi mapazi asanu - mapazi asanu ndi awiri.
Koma mu dzanja chikhato otchuka iye wakhala kwa zaka za m'ma makumi awiri ndi kunatha panthawi Union.

Komabe, mawu angamvele tsopano. Koma lero, inu mwachidziwikire timamva funso lakuti wodabwa: "amakhala - izi ndi mochuluka bwanji?"

makonzedwe dongosolo

Mukayamba kupeza machesi, mukhoza kupanga mbale zing'onozing'ono.
Ndipotu Russia panalibe dongosolo decimal, monga ife tatenga tsopano. Choncho, njira imeneyi chidwi ndi anthu amene amayesetsa kumvetsa zolembedwa m'mabuku mbiri.

Choncho, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'nthawi ya Ivana Vasilevicha Groznogo chikhato - ndi ciwiri la fathoms, womwe inkakhala atatu muyezo. Fathoms, ndi njira, zinali mwachizolowezi - 2 mamita 13 masentimita - ndi slash - 2 mamita 48 masentimita.

Choncho, likukhalira kuti inchi - kotala la inchi. Phazi (mapazi) - pafupi awiri utali, chigongono - fili mita - anayi muyeso (polsazheni) - sikisi. Versta chomwecho kunali pafupi zikwi zisanu utali (ngakhale amene akufuna kuyeza kilometre kumpanda?)

Sayansi yamakono mwalamulo inchi - ndi 17,78 masentimita.

Choona chidwi ndi njira zofanana akayezetsa mtunda sadzafika nthawi. Mwambo English ndi "SPAN" (za 23 masentimita), kutalika ku mapeto a chala chaching'ono kuti chala choyamba.

Mu mafuko African metered chala chachikulu ndi chala chapakati ndi phindu ilo likutchedwa "Ungur."

Chikhato mabuku ndi nyimbo

Izi muyeso akutchulidwa kutalika kwa olemba osiyana. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, kuti "anatuluka" mu ntchito Vladimira Vysotskogo, mu nyimbo "Ife atembenuza Dziko Lapansi."

Amagwiritsidwanso anapeza pa zaka mankhwala, "Kodi Zitsulo Was mtima" Nikolaya Ostrovskogo ndi "The Captain wa Mwana" Aleksandra Pushkina.

Komanso, anatchula olemba monga Voronel, Ladin, Ilichevsky, Grigoriev, Vyazemsky ndi ena ambiri.

Osati nthawi zonse Komabe, ntchito kutambalala - muyeso wa utali. Nthawi zina n'chimodzimodzi ndi manja, mapazi, ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka dziko, monga tanenera.

Zothandizira mu folklore

Mu folklore mawu ntchito pa nkhani zosiyana.

Pa wina dzanja chikhato - ndi chinthu yaing'ono, ngati tikukamba za m'deralo. "Musapereke inchi wa dziko."

Pa zina - muyezo kukula. "7 mwapang'ono." Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mutu wa munthu kuposa mita mu msinkhu. Mphumi ntchito kutchedwa mwana. Akukhulupirira kuti 1 mita 30 masentimita - za kukula kwa mnyamata khumi wazaka Russia wakale.

Komanso, mawu awa angatanthauze mu mawu ophiphiritsa, ndipo munthu wanzeru kwambiri. "Ngati mphumi lalikulu, ndafika nzeru mu mutu wanga", ankaganizira poyamba. N'chifukwa chake panali mawu amenewa.

Choncho, nkhani zimene mwaphunzira osati kufunika ndi kukula inchi, komanso mbiri ya magwero ake ubale ndi mayunitsi ena ndi zitsanzo za zilandiridwenso.

Zabwino zonse kwa inu, wokondedwa owerenga!