Zhelyabov Andrei Ivanovich: yonena, photos, maganizo

Mu mbiri ya uchigawenga Russian ndi ambiri wotchuka Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov kuti ena chosintha wotentheka - V. I. Lenin - poyerekeza ndi Garibaldi ndi Robespierre. Kumvetsa Zhelyabova cholinga waukulu anatha kulungamitsa njira iliyonse ntchito kukwaniritsa cholingacho. Cholinga ichi chinali chifukwa iye ndi anzake "chimwemwe cha anthu" kuti iwo ankaimira mwachilungamo yosokoneza, koma amene anali wokonzeka, mosazengereza, ndi kukhetsa awo, ndi magazi ena.

serf sukulu

Tsogolo wotchuka zigawenga anabadwa mu 1851 ku banja la serfs m'mudzi Nikolayevka m'chigawo Tauride. Ndizosowa kuwerenga ndi kulemba Andrew pang'ono anaphunzira agogo ake Gavril Kalashnikov ndi buku wake woyamba anali Sal. Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira kuti landlords ang'onoang'ono anali yankhanza kwathunthu exploiters, mwiniwake anali munthu osati woganizira kwa alimi, komanso kutsatira za maphunziro onse. Mu 1860, iye anapereka mwini ndalama Zhelyabova naini chaka phunziro mu sukulu Kerch.

Pezani dziko la enaake

Chifukwa cha maganizo Nditchimo ndi khama enviable Andrew maphunziro mu 1869 ndi Mendulo siliva ndi chaka chomwecho anadzakhala wophunzira wa Chilamulo ndi mphamvu ya University Novorossiysk ku Odessa. Back mu zaka sukulu Zhelyabov bwino maganizo a kusinthika chosintha a dziko amene anali ndi mphamvu. The kupindika yomaliza malingaliro ake adadza pambuyo kuwerenga Chernyshevsky "Chiyani?" Ndani anapanga zikhulupiriro zake maganizo. Ine analemba za izo yekha Zhelyabov.

Andrey, chithunzi chimene anapereka m'nkhani, ananena kuti mwa anzake pa zaka zake wophunzira, ankafunanso kukonzanso dziko, analipo mawu yapamwamba mu zaka - ". History limayenda pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, m'pofunika kukankhira" Kankhani anayamba nthawi yomweyo, makamaka popeza sanazengereze dzina langa. General kusakhutira linachititsa maganizo ndiwofatsa mmodzi wa aphunzitsi - Professor Valtazar Bogišić ndi Zhelyabov walunjika ukuperekedwa ntchito wophunzira ake. Iye nkomwe anakankhira nkhani imeneyi, koma anasiya University kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe.

mwamuna kukhumudwa

Komanso, monga kwa oyamba: "Sindikufuna kuti mudziwe, amafuna kulowa m'banja." Tsoka ndipo panali bata. Wophunzira wakale, tikulephera zilakolako, koma analibe moyo pa khobiri limodzi, kugona tulo wamkazi wa olemera shuga Yakhnenko - mabizinezi mwini m'chigawo Kherson. Mu 1872, ukwati chinachitika, ndipo posakhalitsa anabadwa ndi awo oyamba kubadwa Andrew - wolowa nyumba ya agogo ake ndipo mutu wa ulemerero wa dzina chosintha wa bambo.

Kukhala wachibale wa munthu wotereyo wolemera ndi wolemekezeka Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich posakhalitsa anabwezeretsedwa yunivesite, kumene anaphunzitsidwa kwa Pasanathe chaka - zokwanira basi pa Directorate ndi mphamvu kuti likhale ntchito chikhalidwe, chifukwa cha malingaliro omwewo onse chosintha. Pambuyo amachotsera wina anasiya mkazi wake, "ayambitsa tsankho bourgeois" ndipo tilibe maganizo ake, anapita ku Kiev.

Chiyambi cha ntchito chosintha

Pali Zhelyabov amakhazikitsa kugwirizana ndi boma m'dera, makamaka atsogoleri kuchita pa nthawi imeneyo gulu theka malamulo "Community." Mwa njira, mwachitsanzo wake: akutsanzikana ndi banja lake, iye sanayese mwayi pa ndalama apongozi woyambawo, ndi kupeza moyo mwa kupereka pandekha.

Posakhalitsa nthawi ifika, kumene motalika pokonzekera Zhelyabov. Andrey anayamba ntchito yake chosintha, anabwerera mu 1873 ku Odessa, kumene anakhala membala wa bwalo la Narodniks, lotsogoledwa ndi V. F. Volkovskim. Apa wachita propaganda mwa ogwira ntchito ndi luntha. Ambiri omwe akanatha kumvetsera Andrei Ivanovich zaka zimenezo, anati oratory ake apadera omwe, pamodzi ndi chithumwa munthu anathandiza kupambana Zhelyabov omvera.

Kumangidwa ndi "akupita kwa anthu"

ntchito yake kulimbikitsa posachedwapa inatha kumangidwa, koma kunja kwa m'ndende, anam'tulutsa pa belo. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1875 mpaka 1877 Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich amakhala membala wa wotchuka "akupita kwa anthu", pamene achinyamata a magulu chosintha anatumizidwa ku midzi ankachita zinthu pakufalitsa mwa wamba pofuna choti iwo kulimbirana ufulu wawo.

Kachiwiri mmangeni. Mu 1877, gulu lalikulu la agitators populists, amene anali Zhelyabov, anaonekera khoti ku St. Petersburg, yemwe ali mmodzi wa oimbidwa analowa mu mbiri monga "Njira zana ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zitatu." Ngakhale m'ndende chisanadze mayesero, anakumana ndi anthu amene m'tsogolo anakhala anzake m'gulu la zigawenga. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Sophia Perovskaya.

Chirengedwe cha "Narodnaya Volya"

Tsoka ndipo nthawi imeneyi inali Zhelyabov wothandiza - iye mlanduwo. Atamasulidwa, anapita Podolia, kumene kuyambiranso propaganda mwa Amaya. Komabe, posachedwapa zinaoneka kulephera kwa mitundu yonse ngati wa nkhondo, ndipo iye abwera kunena kuti uchigawenga njira zotheka kukwaniritsa cholinga.

M'chaka cha 1879 mu Makhachkala Congress zapita kunachitika bungwe "Land and Ufulu", omwe anakhala membala wa Zhelyabov. Andrei Ivanovich anali mmodzi wa anthu amene anadzutsa ndi asiyane kumbali ya njira mtendere kusintha kwa ndale ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, amene anaona chiyembekezo zotheka chiwawa. Chifukwa, iwo anasiyanitsidwa ndi gulu lalikulu, ndi kulenga mgwirizano anu linkadziwika kuti "Will anthu". Zhelyabov anakhala mmodzi wa anthu achangu.

Mu dongosolo lake lonse gulu analengedwa utsogoleri mwachindunji, imene inali mbali zingapo, kuphatikizapo ntchito, wophunzira ndi asilikali. Mu malangizo ake kuchita ambiri kuphedwa kwa akuluakulu a boma a maudindo osiyanasiyana. Iye apanga mapulogalamu a kanthu amapereka chiwonongeko cha autocracy ndi, ndi convening ya msonkhano constituent, kulanda dzikolo kwa amphawi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufulu chikhalidwe. Mwa njira, malinga ndi zolembedwa bungwe la, kulanda mphamvu kunali kofunikira okha kufala kwa anthu ake. Koma ndicho chimene iwo ali pa zikutanthauza chomwecho - sizikumveka.

Kusakasaka Mfumu

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, amene yonena ndi umakhudza ndi Russian chosintha kayendedwe, anakhala mtsogoleri wa yokonza angapo akuyesetsa pa Mfumu Alexander Wachiwiri, amene zigawenga lotsogoleredwa ndi izo pa msonkhano wake mu 1879 analamulidwa kuti aphedwe.

The woyamba anali koneze sitima wachifumu njira ku Kharkov kwa Moscow. Zhelyabov pansi dzina labodza lendi nyumba pafupi m'mabande a njanji pafupi ndi tauni ya Alexander ndi panokha anachita mumphangayo kwa atagona migodi. Pa nthawi imeneyo yokha mwamwayi anapulumutsa moyo wa mfumu - kuti kuphulika zinachitika pamene kapangidwe kake ndi pa malo oopsa.

The kupha mfumu - mbendera kuyamba ulimi

Amadziwika kuti Iye ankafuna kupha Sitefano maulendo asanu ndi atatu mfumu, kusakayikira kuti Kupha wake thupi adzakhala detonator zionetsero mu ufumuwo. Mu mkangano wa changu iye adzapita mu chigawo Samara kutsogolera wamba kugalukira kumeneko. Iye anali kulinganiza chachikulu ndi chakupha kuphedwa Alexander II achita mwa March 13 (New kalendala) mu St. Petersburg pa embankment wa Griboyedov Ngalande. zinthu zonse anayamba yekha Zhelyabov Zigawenga.

Andrey Ivanovich panokha sanali kutenga mbali, chifukwa masiku awiri pamaso izo mwangozi anamangidwa ku imodzi mwa nyumba zotetezedwa. Kasamalidwe mwachindunji lina zigawenga ikuchitika lamulo wamba mkazi wake Sophia Perovskaya - mwana wamkazi wa mkulu wa St. Petersburg ndi mmodzi wa omenyana yoopsya ndi autocracy lapansi. Pambuyo iye anamangidwa, Zhelyabov analamula kuti boma lake anatenga chiwerengero cha asangalatsi kuphedwa.

Mu nthawi ya kuyambirira m'ndende, iye anali mu Trubetskoy phata la mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Pa mayesero, iye anakana loya ntchito mawu ake kwa anthu pulogalamu "Will anthu". Malinga ndi chigamulochi, Zhelyabov pamodzi ndi zigawenga zina anali anapachikidwa mu Semenov Square mu Petersburg. Onani kuti anali kuphedwa onse lomaliza Russia.

The canonization a ofera a zisinthe mu nkhope ya

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, kanthawi mbiri yomwe inasindikizidwa kunja mu chaka ataphedwa, chinali chitsanzo ouziridwa boma ambiri wotsatira. Izi zinali ntchito, makamaka, ndipo nkhani yake lonse la osindikizidwa mu St. Petersburg mu 1906-1907. magazini "The Zakale."

Zida magazini anatumikira monga m'munsi ntchito kafukufuku wa azambiriyakale ambiri Soviet, zomwe, anthu enanso a "Narodnaya Volya" chidwi makamaka Zhelyabov. Andrey, amene ali ndi maganizo anali mu nyimbo ndi Bolshevik mfundo mu nyengo ya Soviet, watenga malo a ulemu mu gulu la ofera ndi ngwazi za zisinthe.

Mu mmasate, iwo ankafuna kuti akonze odzitukumula chipilala Zhelyabov anachita pansi ntchito ya ziboliboli Korolev. Iwo anali ndi Mipikisano chithunzi zikuchokera, amene zifaniziro za akapolo, analinkung'ambika unyolo m'gulu limodzi ndi fano zinayi mita wa chosintha kwambiri. Pakuti chipilala cha zinakonzedwa kulenga pedestal chokongoletsedwa ndi asanu anatsalira-reliefs pa mitu mbiri ndi chosintha ndi mawu akuti "Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich (1851-1881)." Mwatsatanetsatane kale anapanga, koma ntchito anaima, ndipo pitirizani osati watsopano.