Chilengedwe cha nyanja: kufotokozera kwakukulu

M'machitidwe awo ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake, zamoyo zakuthambo ndizoonekera. Chikhalidwe chosasinthika cha ntchito yawo chimakhala mu kuthekera kupereka ndi kulandira mitundu yambiri ya mphamvu ndi zothandizira. Popanda kusintha kwamuyaya, zochepa zapadziko lapansi zidzatha kapena zitatha. Kuphatikizanso, njira yokhayo yomwe ikhoza kukhalapo popanda kuthandizira kunja imatengedwa ngati zachilengedwe. Chilichonse chomwe chili chofunikira kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito chimadzipatsa zokha. Kuti mukhalebe ndi zinthu zowonongeka, muyenera kukhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a zamoyo.

Malinga ndi kukula kwa gawoli, komanso chiwerengero cha zinthu zamoyo ndi chilengedwe chopanda moyo chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa, kayendedwe ka mitundu iwiri ndi yosiyana. Pansi pansi pali chilengedwe chotsalira, chitsanzo chosavuta kwambiri chomwe ndi dontho la mwazi wa munthu kapena madzi kuchokera ku mtsinje. Ndiye magetsi amatsata. Gawoli likuphatikizapo chilengedwe cha nyanja, dziwe, prairie, steppe kapena, mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango. Malo achitatu ndiwo machitidwe aakulu, omwe ali makontinenti onse ndi nyanja. Ndipo malo aakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Dziko lapansili, makamaka, moyo wonse pa ilo. Njirayi imatchedwa dziko lonse lapansi.

Makhalidwe abwino

Gwero lalikulu la mphamvu m'nyanja ndi dzuwa. Pamene mazira akudutsa pamtunda wa madzi, mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi plankton, kuti azigwiritsire ntchito njira za photosynthetic. Kuwala kotsalira kumadziwika pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi omwe. Choncho, kuunikira kumtunda nthawi zonse kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo pafupi ndi pansi kumachepa. Chilengedwe chilichonse chokwanira chokhala ndi nyanja chili ndi zotchedwa malipiro. Uku ndiko kuya kwake komwe kumafikira kuchuluka kwa kuwala kofunikira kwa zomera. Photosynthesis mu zomera izi zimachepetseratu kuti ziwonetsetse zizindikiro zina - kupuma ndi zakudya.

Malo omwe amapereka malipiro molunjika amadalira malo a madzi, chiyero chake ndi chiwonetsero. Ndilo mzere wogawanitsa zokhazikika. Pamwamba pake, zomera zimapanga oksijeni owonjezera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zamoyo zina. Ndipo pansi pa mpweya wogawanikana, koma mochepa kwambiri. Gawo lake lalikulu limagwera mozama kuchokera kumalo ena, pamwamba pa madzi. Choncho, pansi pa chiwerengero cha malipiro, zamoyo zokha zokha zomwe zingakhale ndi mpweya wochepa wamoyo.

Kugawa kwakukulu kwa anthu

Zili zoonekeratu kuti pamtunda wapamwamba zamoyo za m'nyanja zimakhala mochuluka kwambiri m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi malo ozungulira. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino kwambiri pamoyo, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kutentha ndi mpweya m'madera osaya madzi. Kumeneko, anthu ochuluka akudzala zomera zokonda kuwala amakhala mmenemo : maluwa, bango, bango, ndi mphuno.

Zomwezi zimakhala pothaŵira tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mphutsi, mollusks, tadpoles. Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba imapezanso chakudya chawo pano. Mitengo yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imafunika kukhala ndi kuwala kwakukulu, khalani pafupi. Kumeneko kumakula momasuka akuyandama duckweed.

Pansikati mwa nyanja, nyanjayi imakhala malo okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowonongeka zodyera nyama zakufa ndi zomera. Komanso, mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, monga pike ndi nsomba, ndi zamoyo zina zopanda moyo zimakhala pano. Mitunduyi imadyetsa zamoyo zakufa kuchokera kumtunda wa madzi kapena kusaka.

Zotsatira za kuipitsa madzi pa zamoyo za m'nyanja

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zakuthupi pazinthu zoterezi ndi phosphorous. Chiwonongeko chonse cha zamoyo zimadalira kuchuluka kwake . Zachilengedwe za zinthu izi m'nyanja madzi ndizochepa, koma zochita za anthu zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu mu ndondomeko. Pa zifukwa zikuluzikulu, nkofunikira kuphatikizapo kusowa kwa zopangidwe zomwe zimagwera m'nyanja , kutaya madzi osokoneza, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, zomwe zimatsukidwa ndi mvula ndi mitsinje. Zonsezi zimabweretsa phosphorous.

Chotsatira chake, kapangidwe kake ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino ka ntchito kamasokonezeka: kuchuluka kwa plankton kumayamba kuwonjezereka mwamsanga, kumene madzi amapeza mthunzi wosasangalatsa. Nyanja imayamba "pachimake", koma iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba chabe. Komanso, imakhala yowonongeka ndi michere, madzi amakhala ocheperapo ndi mpweya ndi dzuwa (plankton yambirimbiri imatenga zomwe anthu ena ayenera kulandira). Zomalizazo zimaphwanya ntchito ya otayika, chifukwa cha madzi omwe amadzaza pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Pamapeto pake, zomera zimayamba kubala poizoni zomwe zimayambitsa nsomba zambiri.

Mtundu winanso wa kuipitsa madzi, chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha m'nyanja zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenthedwe. Poyamba, izo sizikuwoneka zovuta: kutentha kwa mafuta sikuwonjezera madzi alionse pamadzi. Koma kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe kamene kamangodalira osati kokha pa mapangidwe a sing'anga, komanso pa kutentha. Kuwonjezeka kwake kumathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa zomera, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pang'onopang'ono koma zowonongeka kuchitapo kanthu. Kuonjezerapo, mitundu ina ya nsomba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimasinthidwa kuti tikhale ndi moyo mukutentha kochepa. Kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsa kutentha kwa izi kumachepetsa kukula kwa zamoyo kapena kuzipha.

Kuwonongeka kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zamalonda za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amagwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'nyanja kuti azizizira mozizira m'mafakitale ndi zomera.