China: Asilikali kupondereza

Olamulira ankhanza asilikali a ku 1913-1916 n'chokwana. Ilo linali chinthu choyamba mu ulamuliro wa China Beiyang militarist lapamtima. Modalira mphamvu ya despotism akale muthu - ndi bureaucracy, olemekezeka, landlords, koma makamaka asilikali, n'chokwana Shikai anayamba pofuna kuti abwezeretse ufumu. Mu 1915 iye anakonza monarchist kayendedwe, ndipo mu December anakhala mfumu. Poyankha izi, mu chapakati ndi kum'mwera China mu 1916 anayamba antiyuanshikaevskoe kayendedwe - zipolowe zomwe zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwa ulamuliro yachifumu ndi imfa ya n'chokwana Shikai. Kenako Beiyang lapamtima unagawika zigawo ziwiri. The kumpoto ndi pakati zigawo kugawidwa pakati pa Zhili ndi Anhui timagulu akazembe. Mu Manchuria analimbitsa Fetyanskaya pitani, ndi mu chigawo chakumwera - "palokha" akazembe. M'malo n'chokwana ku Beijing, mutu wa Anhui lapamtima Duan Qirui anali katswiri-Japanese ndale. Panali kufooka lakuthwa wa boma, anayamba nthawi ya ndewu ankhondowo, T. E. Nkhondo pakati kudina, nthawi ya ufulu zigawo asilikali, kugawikana ndi kufooka patsogolo mu nkhope ya China ndi diktat imperialist. Mu nkhani ya yosatha yapakati pa wakale ndi watsopano mu 1917 anali womaliza komanso kuyesa zinalephereka kubwezeretsa ufumu. China: Asilikali kupondereza ...

Koyamba wosaiwalika wa dziko kayendedwe kumasulidwa ku China nthawi posachedwapa anali kayendedwe ka "May 4" 1919 chifukwa Zowonekera kunja kwa kusuntha anali msonkhano chisankho mtendere wotsegulira ku Paris pa January 18, 1919 Mphamvu imperialist akana zofunika za China (adzagwirizana nawo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse kuyambira August 1917) kuti, adzamucha kale ufulu onse German ndi maudindo m'chigawo Shandong, kuthetsa ufulu onse ndi maudindo mphamvu imperialist ku China. April 30 Mphamvu anatenga nkhani 156-158 wa Versailles Pangano, imene ndi ufulu wonse ndi maudindo kale akamagwira Germany pa mgwirizano ndi China, kwathunthu ankatembenukira kwa Japan.

Kukondera manyazi kwa nkhani Chinese wa Versailles Pangano anachititsa zikusonyezanso mkwiyo strata zosiyanasiyana za anthu Chinese. Kuwonetsera ndi masewera, bungwe kwambiri njira ya Beijing ophunzira May 4 pansi pa mawu omwe sanali kuzindikira kuti Versailles Pangano, anayambitsa misa odana imperialist, odana ndi Japanese kukonda dziko lako kayendedwe ka ophunzira Chinese, m'tawuni zazing'ono ndi sing'anga malonda ndi mafakitale bourgeoisie, amisiri ndi anthu a ntchito m'mizinda ikuluikulu ku China, chimene chinafika mpaka June 1919 . Wongolerani maganizo ndi zandale a gululi anali zokomela kwakukulu zachabechabe-bourgeois anzeru ndi ophunzira. The proletariat Chinese adakali "kalasi palokha", "pitani" kwa onse mawu demokalase ndi odana imperialist wa bourgeois ndi luntha zazing'ono-bourgeois. Koma nawo 100 zikwi. Pogwira ntchito odana ndi Japanese kunyanyala, zitsanzo ndi kunyanyala mu May-June 1919 anasonyeza zoyesayesa loyamba la kalasi Chinese ntchito kulowa m'bwalolo andale wodziimira chosintha mphamvu. Movement "pa May 4," chinathandiza nyamuka mwapang'onopang'ono ntchito ya ndale za kalasi Chinese ntchito.

China: Asilikali kupondereza