Chiphunzitso Plato wa malingaliro: vumbulutso la kuli koona

Plato amadziwika kuti anali mmodzi wa nzeru ena olemekezeka kwambiri pa mbiri ya anthu. Monga mwana wa achifumu ndi mwana wasukulu ya Socrates, iye, malinga ndi m'bale wake Diogenes Laertius, anakhoza kulenga kupanga mfundo za Heraclitus, Pythagoras ndi Socrates - kutanthauza anthu anzeru onse amene amanyadira Greece wakale. Ziphunzitso choyambirira maganizo Plato - ndi choyambirira ndi pakati kufika nzeru lonse wa zilandiridwenso. Pa moyo wake analemba 34 kukambirana, ndi zonse mwa njira ina kutchulidwa kapena kutchula mfundo imeneyi. Iwo chinamulowerera lonse nzeru za Plato. Chiphunzitso cha malingaliro akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu la mapangidwe.

The oyamba - nthawi imeneyi pambuyo pa imfa ya Socrates. Ndiye nzeru zapamwamba kuyesera kufotokoza chiphunzitso cha mphunzitsi wake, ndi nkhani monga "symposia" ndi "Crito", koyamba maganizo lingaliro la mtheradi wabwino ndi kukongola. Gawo lachiwiri - moyo wa Plato ku Sicily. Apo iye anali motengera sukulu Pythagorean ndi bwino kukonza ake "Cholinga chomwe." Ndipo potsiriza, gawo lachitatu - chomaliza. Ndiye chiphunzitso Plato maganizo kuthi khalidwe wathunthu ndi dongosolo unali womveka bwino monga ife tikudziwa izo.

Mu kale kukambirana "symposia", kapena "Phwando", ndi nzeru za Socrates 'mayankhulo patsiku chitsanzo mwatsatanetsatane mmene lingaliro (kapena akamanena) Kukongola akhoza kukhala bwino ndi loona kuposa incarnations ake m'mbuyomu. Kumeneko iye choyamba akufotokoza mfundo yakuti dziko la zinthu ndi zochitika chanzeru - osati weniweni. Pambuyo pa zinthu zonse zimene taona, timamva, yesani, sangakhoze konse kukhala chomwecho. Iwo zikusintha, ndi ndingakafere kumeneko. Koma alipo chifukwa zonsezi chinachake kuchokera apamwamba mtendere, woona. Amakhala ndi osiyana gawo yovula zithunzi osiyanitsidwa. chiphunzitso Plato maganizo amawaitana Eidos.

Iwo konse, siumafa ndi sanabadwe. Iwo ali wamuyaya, ndipo chifukwa moyo wawo woona. Iwo sadalira pa chirichonse, kapena malo kapena nthawi, ndipo sakugonjera chilichonse. Izi prototypes wa onse chifukwa, chikhalidwe, ndi cholinga cha zinthu m'dziko lathu. Komanso, iwo akuimilira zitsanzo zina, amene analenga maonekedwe a zinthu athu ndi zochitika. Ndipo zolengedwa zonse moyo, amakonda dziko aliko zoona, sipadzakhala choipa kapena imfa. Chifukwa chakuti chiphunzitso Plato wa maganizo nthawi yomweyo adzaitana Eidos ndi zolinga.

mtendere woona zimatsutsana ndi "pansi" wathu, osati monga buku la wapachiyambi, kapena akamanena za chodabwitsa lapansi. Lilinso ndi makhalidwe magawano - zabwino ndi zoipa. Ndipotu Eidos komanso ndi buku lina, komanso zinthu zathu zimachokera mu malingaliro. Mu zinachitika ichi, anabereka zifukwa zina ndi zolinga ndi Mtheradi. Ichi ndi lingaliro la Wabwino. Only ndi muzu wa si zabwino zokha, komanso kukongola ndi mogwirizana. Ndi ziwembu zopulula ndipo amakhala pamwamba pa chirichonse, kuphatikizapo Mulungu. Ndi akorona malingaliro piramidi. Mulungu ndi Mlengi ndi dongosolo Plato wa umunthu, m'munsi chiyambi, ngakhale kwambiri eidos waukulu Good.

Zokhala ndi wamuyaya ndipo transcendental poyerekezera ndi umodzi wa dziko lathu. Iwo amapanga (by Mulungu mlengi) Eidos ufumu, umunthu weniweni. malingaliro kulenga "dziko miyoyo." Iye akadali m'gulu moyo weniweniwo, ngakhale kuti pamafunika mlingo m'munsi. Ngakhale m'munsi - ndi kungoganiza kulenga, dziko la zinthu. Ndipo gawo lomaliza kwambiri akutenga kanthu, amene makamaka sanali wokhalapo. Onse kukhulupirika kwa dongosolo ndi piramidi aliko. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso cha malingaliro Plato m'nkhaniyi.