Chipilala Catherine ku Odessa ndi mizinda ina

Mbali imeneyi ya cholowa chikhalidwe cha dziko lili wotchuka Catherine Square kwa mzinda, yomwe ili kum'mwera Ukraine. Pambali pake, komanso waima chipilala cha Catherine anzake Wamkulu, ndi osakaniza, ndipo anayambitsa Odessa - de A flounces, de Ribas, Potemkin ndi mano.

The pedestal inamangidwa mu 1900 ndipo ankaiphwasula mu 1920. Mu 2007 panali kubwezeretsedwa kwa chipilala, amene anagwedeza kwambiri zotsatira za ndale.

Mfundo kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ya chipilala cha

Monga amadziwika, M'chaka cha 1794 pa behest wa Catherine II anayamba kumanga doko mzinda, anadzatchedwa Odessa. Patatha zaka 200, anthu a mzinda uno anamangapo chipilala polemekeza Mfumukazi, amene anaika pa khwalala eponymous. Ndiye Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira, ndipo anaganiza dismantle. Ziboliboli de A Volan, de Ribas, Potemkin ndi mano - kusonyeza m'dera mbiri zakale, ndi fano la Catherine Wamkulu - kuwononga.

Mu 1965, mofanana Catherine Square anamangapo chipilala latsopano limene laperekedwa kwa chikumbutso 60 cha kugalukira kwa oyendetsa za lodziwika bwino ankadikira "Potemkin".

2007 zinali zodzaza ndi chakuti boma mzinda anaganiza recreate chipilala kuti Catherine ku Odessa monga msonkho kwa anayambitsa mzinda uno. Sponsor polojekiti lidalengedwa ndi R. Tarpan (mzinda membala bungwe). Chipilala "Potemkintsam - mbadwa" asamukira m'dera miyambo. Ziboliboli ndi Catherine II, ndi anzawo anabwerera m'malo ake oyenerera. Chifukwa cha imfa oyambirira a chipilala (Mfumukazi ya mutu) anaganiza kuti apange item chosowacho kachiwiri.

Kodi anatembenuka kutsegula waukulu wa chipilala cha

Mu October chaka chomwecho unaperekedwa kwa nzika chipilala kuti Catherine Wamkulu. chochitika anali limodzi ndi masewera ndi mbali ndi adani a chitsitsimutso cha cholowa chikhalidwe cha dziko.

Chiyukireniya nationalists Anafika kale ankasokoneza pomanga chipilala mwa anachita kuwotcha dala modzaza Mfumukazi ndi kukangana akuluakulu yazamalamulo. Nawonso, motsogoleredwa, maganizo awo, mfundo za nkhani imene mfumukazi zopanda kusungunuka Sich ndipo wakhala zinthu monga "wakupha wa anthu Chiyukireniya."

Kodi chipilala izi

2 chipilala kuti Catherine ku Odessa inamangidwa m'bwalo la dzina chomwecho sizinachitike mwa mwayi. Ndi amodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri mu mzindawo. m'dera Catherine, pamodzi ndi chipilala mbiri ya gulu loyimba ndi masitepe Potemkin, kapena yeniyeni mbali chapamwamba (dzina mwamwayi kugwirizana ndi bwino filimu Eisenstein). Iye anamangidwira malo mkuwa ndi Duke - Duke de A Richelieu (Bwanamkubwa-General wa Odessa mu 1805-1814 gg.).

masitepe kufanana Potemkin Mapazi reconstituted potsatira choyambirira kapangidwe kudziwika Masitima achingwe am'mapiri ndi awiri ngolo kuti Wopanda alternately mbali ziwiri - mmwamba, pansi. Iwo m'malo anakhazikitsa pa Soviet escalators nyengo imeneyo ndi ulesi chifukwa kuwonongeka kuposa anasamukira kwathunthu. Pakali pano, zili galimoto chingwe anagwira ofesi maofesi meya, ndipo kukwera ufulu.

Kufunika kubwezeretsedwa chipilala mbiri

Potemkin Masitepe ndi limbikitsa okhudzidwa ndi nyumba ya Maritime Station, komanso mwayi kwa kwabasi quays, amene kukonzanso moor zonyamula liners kuchokera pa dziko. Zonsezi pamwambapa amalenga limodzi mapulani gulu loyimba mbiri. Recreate chipilala kuti Catherine ku Odessa ndi anzawo - zikutanthauza kuti agwire masitepe choyamba cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa mapulani chofunika kwambiri Odessa mbiri likulu la mzinda umene uli ndi zokongola kwambiri m'mbuyomu.

Wambiri ya Catherine Wamkulu

Poyamba, iye anali wolemekezeka wa ukulu German wa Anhalt-Zerbst. Dzinache akhali Sophia Augusta Frederica. Iye anabweretsedwa mu 1744 ku Russia ndi kukwatiwa. wopalidwa ubwenzi wake anali wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu Russian, Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich. Pambuyo Umboni, imene Sophia Augusta Frederica anabatizidwa ndi dzina la Chikhirisitu la Catherine A .. Iye mwamsanga anapambana chifundo cha onse khoti la asilikali lonse.

Komanso, Catherine A. Alonda ndi abale Gregory ndi Alekseya Orlovyh amene anatsogolera chiwembu, nagubuduza mpando wachifumu wa Mfumu Peter III wa mwamuna wake. Ndipo mu 1762 izo anavekedwa mu dzina la Great Catherine II.

Zoyenereza za Mfumukazi

Iwo akhoza m'magulu mndandanda uli m'munsiwu, akuti:

1. Izo anapereka Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira maudindo olemekezeka.
2. Mu ulamuliro chakwaniritsidwa ake wamba nkhondo, amene wakhala mtsogoleri wa Emelyan Pugachev.
3. Mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Catherine Wamkulu mu Russia anali Ufumuyo: Crimea, kumpoto Caucasus, Northern Black Sea Coast, Chibelarusi, Chilituyaniya ndi West Chiyukireniya mayiko.
4. Malinga ndi lamulo la Mfumukazi, izo linathetsedwa hetman Ukraine.
5. liquidation Zaporizhzhya Sich zinalengedwa.
6. Anapanga Black Sea Cossacks. Mu amatsatira malamulo a atsogoleri ake ukugwira amazikonda anthu otchuka.
7. Catherine Wachiwiri anakhazikitsa koleji zachipatala ndipo anamanga kuposa zipatala khumi.
8. Ndi nthawi ya ulamuliro wake monga oyamba a katemera ndi nthomba.
9. zopezera lonse la makola a ana amasiye analengedwa.
10. Mu ulamuliro wake maziko a dziko loyamba Russian Academy of Sciences.

Amadziwika kuti zaka zomalizira za moyo wa Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri ntchito pa kusamalira mzinda analenga dzina lake Odessa izo. Iwo anafuna anthu ake ambiri a padziko lonse. Zonse kuwunika ntchito yomanga Odessa ndi kupereka zonse zitheka ndi nkhaniyo ndiponso makhalidwe thandizo.

Choncho palibe amene palibe chikaiko wa kulondola mlandu kuti adzathe kukhazikitsa phindu mbiri ngati chipilala kuti Catherine 2. Odessa, linamangidwa kumanja.

Kodi kupitirizabe chikumbukiro cha Mfumukazi Podolsk

chipilala iye anamangidwira mu September 2008 m'bwalo eponymous. Mbali yake yeniyeni amachita ndiye ngati umaimiridwa ndi Mfumukazi - kuntchito, mosiyana ndi zimene amaonetsa chipilala kuti Catherine Odessa - monyadira kuyang'ana pansi pa anthu akudutsa.

Olemba anagwidwa pamene iye walemba ndi chikalata zofunika - lamulo la October 5, 1781, limene Mfumukazi analamula kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzinda wa Podolsk. chipilala ili likhalabe chogwira ntchito olowa Aleksandra Rozhnikova ndi Nicholas Pestova. Kukhala enieni, zokhala ndi phindu mbiri uli Pestova, ndi ophatikizidwa izo Rožnik. Pafupifupi awiri matani akulemera mkuwa chipilala kuti Catherine. Podolsk, ngakhale mzinda umene unakhazikitsidwa, koma chopereka yake Mfumukazi zabweretsa chitukuko ndithu.

St. Petersburg: chipilala kuti Catherine

Izi cholowa mbiri kumaonekera likulu kumpoto. Mu St. Petersburg, pa wotchuka Ostrovsky Square mu 1873 anamangidwira chipilala kuti Catherine II. Ganizo kulenga chipilala kuti Catherine ku St. Petersburg anabwera zaka pambuyo Kubwera kwa Mfumukazi ufumu.

Olemba chosema zimenezi za akatswiri otchuka Russian ndi Osema: Mikhail Mikeshin, Matvey Chizhov, Alexander Opekushin, komanso mapulani - Dzhozef mosalolera ndipo Victor Shterer. Stone kupanga lubwe pedestal anabweretsa mwapadera kuchokera kugombe la Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Pakuti ichi kunali koyenera kugonjetsa njira pa madzi mpaka ku St. Petersburg Neva Mtsinje. Kupulumutsa mwala ku malo oyenera, kunali koyenera kuti ayike njanji mayendedwe.

Chosema Mfumukazi kutalika 4,35 mamita The chipilala kuti Catherine II. Anapereka fano ake ataliatali. Mu dzanja lake lamanja, iye ali ndi ndodo, ndi lamanzere - ndi mlombwa wreath. Pa mapazi ake, mophiphiritsa ili Korona wa Russian Ufumu, ndi pachifuwa pake - dongosolo la Andreya Pervozvannogo.

The Anzake a Mfumukazi

zifaniziro zawo ali pansipa pedestal chonse, makamaka:

• ndakatulo ndi States Gavrila Derzhavin;
• asilikali Russian Werengerani Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky;
• States Werengerani Pyotr Rumyantsev;
• wamkulu Russian asilikali ndi ngwazi dziko lathu Alexander Suvorov;
• States ndipo ankakonda Mfumukazi Grigory Potemkin ;
• Russian wofufuza ndi asilikali Vasily Chichyagov;
• Mfumukazi Ekaterina Dashkova;
• Pulezidenti wa Imperial Academy of Tirhana Ivan Betskoi;
• nthumwi Alexander Bezborodko.

Iwo anaganiza recreate chipilala kuti Catherine mu Simferopol

Iye anali opatulidwira ku October 1890 chipilala Izi ukufanizidwa ndi fano la mfumukazi pa pedestal ndi. Near fano la Catherine Wachiwiri mabwenzi ake: G. Potemkin-Tauride, V. Dolgorukov-Krymsky, Alexander Suvorov ndi I. Bulgakov. Iwo anaika kwambiri khama kuti Crimea mbali ya Russian Ufumu, ndi pa chilumba anaonekera mu Simferopol.

Izi chilimwe, meya aforesaid mzinda analengeza chisankho kuti abwezeretse mtengo nkhaniyi. Thandizo m'kati recreating chipilala akufuna ziboliboli Zurab Tsereteli.

The chipilala wobwezeretsedwa kuti Mfumukazi mu Krasnodar

Izo poyamba inamangidwa mu 1907, ndipo mu 1920 - anawononga Bolsheviks. Chipilala Catherine Krasnodar wobwezeretsedwa ndi moyenera anaulura mu 2006

Bukuli linapangidwa mu ulemu wa chikumbutso 200th wa Kuban Cossack Army (1895), ndi wojambula wotchuka ndi zosemasema Mihailom Mikeshinym. Kutsegula wamkulu wa cholowa mbiri zinachitika m'mwezi wa May 1907

Ngati chipilala kuti Catherine ku Odessa, chipilala izi ukufanizidwa ndi fano la mfumukazi pa pedestal ndi. Iye anadziveka mu achifumu wofiirira, atanyamula orb ndi ndodo. The wapakamwa wa pedestal ndi anapereka hayala kumanzere kwa 1792 Catherine II pa maziko a mitundu yonse ya mbendera nkhondo ndi zizindikiro asilikali akuonetsedwa Duke ndipo ankakonda ake Potemkin-Tauride, ndi bwino - atsogoleri woyamba Cossack Anton Holovaty, Zahariy Chepega Sidor ndi White. Kumbuyo kwa chipilala ikuyimiridwa ndi akhungu Kobzar ndi kalozera ndi mndandanda wa kupambana amene anali kulamulidwa ndi Russia ndi nawo Kuban Cossacks.

The chipilala kumene analenga - ntchito ziboliboli Alexander Kuban Apollo. Pa kupanga ndondomeko ya chipilala iye motsogozedwa zithunzi mkuwa ija, komanso zitsanzo, zojambula ndi zikalata archival. chipilala unapangidwa mu msonkhano wa castings luso Rostov University.