Chisilamu State ndi chiyani? maikowa: mitundu, mbali

Mbiri ya zikamera wa Chisilamu State yogwirizana ndi chipembedzo chawo chomwecho. Izi lachipembedzo anatuluka mwa ntchito ya Mneneri Muhammad.

imachokera

Islam adanyamuka mu 6-7 atumwi. Iye adalalika ndi anakhazikitsa makhalidwe a anthu, olingana Muslims onse, analetsa kuphana ndi nkhanza pakati pa anthu. mphamvu zonse, monga gulu limeneli achipembedzo, anagonja kwa manja Mtumiki.

Popeza anakhala zambiri pa nthawi, otsatira a Chisilamu. manambala awo anayamba kulowa mbali yaikulu ya anthu a ku Arabiya. Mogwirizana ndi vutoli ubale kuti ndi kulamulira anthu otsatira a lachipembedzo. Mneneri Muhammad msanga athane ndi ntchito imeneyi. Anakhala mtsogoleri wosakwatiwa amene anatsogolera wokhulupirika pa njira kuwala kwa Allah.

Atamwalira Muhammad anasiyira ntchito pokhapokhapo lapansi. Kodi otsatira a Chisilamu, amene anatenga malo a Mtumiki. ntchito yawo ikuphatikiza ntchito za mphamvu ndi ulamuliro pa Asilamu onse.

zolinga mwamakani

Atamwalira Muhammad anayamba kukhala odzidalira lingaliro la cholimbana ndi "nkhondo yopatulika". Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti jehad anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kokha zolinga kumbuyo. Kenaka anali osinthika ake pang'onopang'ono kugonja chida anagwira osakhulupirira. Iwo anayamba kumanga yaitali wamagazi Khalifa. Islam n'kumene constituent mu ndondomekoyi.

caliphate

United Arabia, anthu ambiri amene akugwiritsitsa chikhulupiriro Asilamu kuyambira zoyambirira za m'ma 7. Ndinayamba kuchita nkhondo. Aluya anagonjetsa Egypt, Syria, Palestine ndi Iran. Iwo anawonjezera mphamvu zawo Africa North, m'madera kum'mwera kwa Spain ku Central Asia ndi Caucasus. Chifukwa, nkhondo yogonjetsa lalikulu boma Chisilamu, lomwe limatchedwa Arab Caliphate. Likulu la mphamvu yaikulu mumzinda wa Baghdad. Pa malo atsekerezedwa wambirimbiri Aluya kuthetsedwa.

Izi boma la chisilamu mu zawo pandale akuzisunga maonekedwe a kapolo, koma pa nthawi yomweyo mofulumira anamukwiyira adzabadwanso monga ang'onoang'ono. m'madera ambiri m'mayiko anagonjetsa inali ndi boma. Akulimbikira pa mayiko awo osauka amakakamizidwa misonkho, anasonyeza kuti anyantchoche cholowa.

polity

The Caliphate zinachitika mawonekedwe centralized mafumu. Mu boma anali mutu zakuthupi ndi zauzimu. Iwo anatumikira monga Caliph lapansi. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa pawiri pano anali ufumu wauzimu ndi mphamvu kanthawi mwa munthu mmodzi. N'chifukwa chake boma Chisilamu Khilafah akhoza zimachitika ndi ang'onoang'ono ndi m'gulu la Yehova. udindo Main akuluakulu pamwamba boma anatumizidwa ku Vizier. chofunika kwambiri mu Caliphate anagula sofas ophunzira.

Atsogoleri a m'madera a boma anali emirs. Iwo anasankhidwa mwa Caliph. Pambuyo kuoneka kugawikana ang'onoang'ono, emirs ambiri anakhala olamulira palokha.

Pa siteji koyamba za chitukuko cha deralo, monga Caliphate, chipembedzo ndi ufulu kuphatikiza chimodzi. Ndiwo malamulo ankaona Korani. Mlembi wake ndi mneneri Muhammad. Malamulo achiSilamu wotchedwa "Sharia" kutanthauza "njira yowongoka". Amaphatikiza osati chiphunzitso cha chipembedzo. caliphate Chisilamu nakokera kulemba malamulo boma, zigawenga ndi procedural.

Panali zopereka za miyambo za Muhammad munasankha bwalo, komanso ntchito, kuphatikizapo tanthauzo la malamulo Muslim. kalatayi akutumikira monga zowonjezerazo kwa Koran. Zimagwirira ntchito panopa pa mipata m'chilamulo alipo.

Chisilamu Caliphate anali mbali ina khalidwe. Panalibe kusiyana pakati pa achipembedzo, malamulo zimene zikuyenela malamulo a. Iwo anapanga kuipidwa umodzi.

Chisilamu Caliphate kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe boma umwini wa dziko lonse. Komabe, kukhala asapita ang'onoang'ono zasintha chipangizo ichi. Iwo anayamba kuoneka chuma payekha.

Kodi boma tinganene kuti Chisilamu?

Islam sanataye mphamvu m'mayiko ambiri. Kodi mkhalidwe Chisilamu lero? Dziko lino, chifukwa cha zomwe lamulolo Islam. Izi lachipembedzo ndi mbalume kwa anthu lonse. Sharia - kulemba zofunika, amene amatsogozedwa ndi boma Chisilamu. Tsamba ili lili ndi zinthu za malamulo boma ndi malamulo, boma komanso zigawenga, procedural ndi banja.

Lingaliro la Chisilamu la mtundu zomanga ndi osiyana ndi mitundu Western. Choyamba, akuchokera malamulo wasenza ndi Mneneri Muhammad. Komanso, Dziwani mu Islam ndi zovuta gulu la mitundu ya boma.

Chiphunzitso chakale cha Islam kuika patsogolo ziphunzitso zawo. Iye anakhulupirira kuti otsatira ziphunzitso Mneneri Muhammad sangathe kugawidwa pakati pa amitundu. Malinga ndi chipembedzo ichi, Ummah Muslim wogwirizana. Likupezeka pa mapu ndale za chitaganya dziko Mwachitsanzo, Malaysia ndi United Arab Emirates, mu maganizo a Islam - osati mgwirizano wa anthu ndi mayiko. Mu ichinso mwagona kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mayiko amenewa pa momwe boma amamvedwa kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Mitundu ya limati Chisilamu

Mfundo imeneyi pafupi ndi kumadzulo boma malamulo. maikowa kungakhale sultanates ndi Emirates Caliphate ndi Imamate. mitundu yonse ya limati Muslim yodziwika ndi chuma chawo ndi njira ya boma. Kotero, dziko sultanates - ndiwo anthu amene mphamvu akuupereka mu mzera wa Sultan a. Chotero ulamuliro mbiri yakale. The Sultanate mtendere mapu a makono ndale - ndi Oman, limene lili mu Arabia ndi Brunei, yomwe ili kum'mwera chakum'mawa Asia.

wakale kwambiri boma Chisilamu - ichi ndi Sultanate la Oman. Idamangidwa m'nthawi wachitatu ndi pakati cha chisanu ndi chiwiri anali gawo la Arab Caliphate. Dera la Oman lili kum'mawa kwa Arabiya. Ndi boma m'malire Saudi Arabia, dziko la Yemen ndi United Arab Emirates. Mu 1970 iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa Omani Sultan Kabus Ben Anati.

The Sultanate wa Brunei - ting'onoting'ono boma Chisilamu. Map of South-East Asia udzatithandiza malo ake. Brunei lili kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Borneo. boma unakhazikitsidwa m'ma chimodzi. Mu masiku akale izo ankaona likulu la chikhalidwe Muslim. Pakali pano, boma ndi chimodzi mwa wolemera kwambiri mu dziko, ndipo kuti mfumu yake ndi mndandanda wa anthu olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Pali yaing'ono maikowa imene mphamvu yochokera kwa Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu ya ufumuwo, kapena kusankha mtsogoleri. Iwo amatchedwa Emirates. Nkhani ina States amenewa ndi kukula yaing'ono. Iwo amatengedwa kuti ngati masitepe kuti kutumikira kutsitsimutsa Caliphate.

Kuyambira September 1919 ku West la Dagestan ndi Chechnya analipo North Caucasus Emirate. Popeza March 1920 ndi zimene zimachitika Chisilamu anakhala mbali ya RSFSR lapansi.
Koma UAE lolamulidwa ndi mutsogoleli wadziko. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, United Arab Emirates ndi chitaganya monga mwa umembala wake ndi Emirates zisanu ndi ziwiri. Iwo akulamuliridwa ndi emirs.

Mtundu lotsatira ndi Imam wa boma Chisilamu. Pali m'tsogoleri wauzimu wa atsogoleri achipembedzo. Amamutcha Imam. Mtundu wa andale ndi chikhalidwe yodziwika ndi kutsatira chiphunzitso Shiite. Mmenemonso mphamvu zapatsidwa kwa chikhalidwe padziko lonse (ofanana Caliphate a).

Pa mapu ndale za dzikoli kuyambira 1829 mpaka 1859. panali boma Imamate wa Shamil. Inali mu chimene tsopano ndi Chechnya ndi Dagestan. Izi zimachitika Chisilamu linathetsedwa ndi Russian Ufumu. Maluwa wamkulu wa dziko anati lakwaniritsa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Imam Shamil, umene unatha ku 1834 kuti 1859.

M'zaka 19. Panali wina ofanana boma Chisilamu. Map of Yemen mfundo 1918 ndi 1962 kuti m'gawo lake Mutawakkilite Ufumu wa Yemen. linakhalapo dziko lino anasiya pambuyo odana monarchist zisinthe.

Boma Chisilamu ndi Khilafah ndi chiyani? Malinga ndi chiphunzitso malamulo a Chisilamu, ndi dziko limodzi. M'mbuyomu, ndi maziko a Caliphate anali Arab-Muslim dziko pokhazikitsa Muhammad m'zaka za m'ma 7. Pamene anakhala boma yaikulu, lili m'dera la Aluya mayiko anagonjetsa. Olamulira anali olalikila.

Mabwalo Chisilamu

Pali mtundu wakutali wa chipangizo Mulungu, omwe ndi ofala kwambiri ku Middle East. An mabwalo a Chisilamu. Apa udindo waukulu pa kayendetsedwe kuperekedwa kwa atsogoleri Muslim.

The Republic Chisilamu ndi mtundu wa kunyengalera. Lilili pakati pa mfundo Loona za statehood ndi mbalume mafumu a mwambo Muslim.

Mu Republic Chisilamu ndi Afghanistan, Mauritania, Pakistan ndi Iraq. Malamulo limati izi analengedwa zochokera mbalume Sharia.

Cholinga chenicheni

Korani alibe mankhwala mtundu uliwonse makamaka za boma. lamulo la chisilamu alibe chiphunzitso chake malamulo. Komabe, mfundo yaikulu ya mtundu uliwonse wa boma Chisilamu ndi akwaniritsa zofunikira za ziphunzitso Chisilamu. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ndizilankhula molimba mtima za zimene Islam anapatsidwa ndi "wapamwamba boma 'chuma. Komanso chiphunzitso ichi amakhazikitsa maziko a dongosolo lonse alipo. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti Islam n'chofunikira kutsogolera ntchito ndi mfundo za makina boma.

A chitsanzo chapadera cha chimake mfundo zikuluzikulu za boma Chisilamu - ndi anthu amene analenga Mneneri Muhammad. Iye atamangiriridwa manja ake pa milandu, yemwe ndi ulamuliro ulamuliro. Ndipo mneneri anatenga chisankho chomaliza pambuyo bungwe ndi munthu wodziwika Moslems. Muhammad mu ziphunzitso zao amanena kuti lingaliro kulenga boma ngati kupatsidwa kwa iye Allah mwini.

Malamulo achiSilamu pang'onopang'ono kukhala. Kanasinthika ndi Cholinga chenicheni cha boma. Anakhala koposa maganizo a ali mu kutsutsana ndi ziphunzitso za makolo Chisilamu alleging wosasinthika cha mbalume la Mulungu. Pali njira yothandizira kusintha kwa dera malamulo. Chifukwa cha ubwenzi, amene kale malamulo okha lamulo la chisilamu, anali malamulo ndi zina zolimbana kuti anatenga chiyambi European.

Zimenezi zinayamba mu m'ma 19. Choyamba zinamugwira m'madera amenewa ndiponso palibe makamaka pachimake nkhondo ndi Agiriki Islam. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ena maikowa akhala anazindikira njira kuti caliphate limodzi.

Features a chiphunzitso cha

Boma Chisilamu ali mbali yake yapadera. Mbali yaikulu ndi subordination cha ntchito zake zonse maziko mfundo za Islam. Apa, amaganiza ulamuliro wa anthu pa ntchito za matupi boma. Iwo zolamulidzwazo potsata mwambo wa Chisilamu. Motero, boma ali ndi udindo kwa anthu ake.

Makamaka mfundo kumanga anthu Chisilamu anamaliza kufunika kukhazikitsa angapo mabungwe. Mfundo Chisilamu la "upo" zimawonedwa m'mayiko amene pali mutu wa thupi chenjezo. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi zikhoza kukhala Qatar. Mmenemonso pali Board ndi Advisory, amene amasankhidwa ndi Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu lapansi. M'magazini waukulu chiyani? Iye amapereka malangizo kwa wolamulira wa dziko. Malamulo a Qatar atengedwa okha atakambilana kukambirana ndi thupi.

Constitutional Cholinga chenicheni cha mayiko Muslim - kuzindikira za Islam monga chipembedzo cha boma, amene ankalalikira m'mayiko pafupifupi makumi anai. Mfundo imeneyi ndi kuonetsara wabwino wa chikoka cha chiphunzitso ali Koran, pa ufulu malamulo. Mfundo zimenezi zikugwirizananso mu ndondomeko ya United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Pakistan, etc.

Cholinga chenicheni cha mayiko ambiri Chisilamu ndi kukapempha malamulo mphamvu pamwamba pa Koran. Apa, kuwonjezera pa malamulo wakuuzani pomwe aboma, ikufanana ndi lamulo la Muslim. Komabe, iwo onse ndi kuchuluka lonse wamba anakhudzidwa osati unansi wa Uthunthu, komanso anthu amene ali ndi kachirombo utsogoleri, chigawenga ndi boma. Mfundo imeneyi khalidwe la mayiko unali mu Arabiya, komanso Pakistan.

M'pofunikanso kuti, ngakhale njira yotsala ya chitukuko, zigawo Muslim musataye pa lamulo la chisilamu monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri ulili chikumbumtima malamulo, mtima wa anthu, komanso khalidwe Muslim.

chiphunzitso

Caliphate anatuluka ngati boma m'gulu la Yehova. Kuyambira pachiyambi linakhalapo, mfundo zake zazikulu ndi umodzi wa mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zauzimu. amazilamulira onse nthawi yomweyo wakhala anaikira mu manja a mtsogoleri.

amafuna zolimbana kuti apatsidwa mu Qur'an, sasonyeza kufunika kwa mtundu yeniyeni ya zomangamanga ya boma. Osati mwachindunji mu mfundo zimenezi ndi njira ya mphamvu. Komabe, ena mafani wa Koran njira zawo kutanthauzira malemba. Zinalengedwa ntchito izi zikusonyeza mfundo Chisilamu la boma. Lingaliro, amene anali m'Baibulo, pali mu Quran. Lembali limati ndiyekhayo mphamvu ndi Allah. Mohammed analinso yekha mtumiki wake, limene liri lokhazikika kwa kugwira ntchito udzalamulira mulungu.

Lingaliro la Chisilamu la boma chinayamba m'zaka 10-11. Izi zinali nthawi imene Abbasids Caliphate kulamulidwa ndi mafumu ndi dziko analowa pansi.

Kwa nthawi yaitali kuti amange boma Chisilamu zochokera njira ziwiri. Udindo wa uthenga woyamba anali kumadalira pa mfundo za umodzi wa chipembedzo ndi lamulo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, panali maganizo a si chofunika yosungira wogwirizana Muslim caliphate. Koma iwo ndi ena aona ntchito zikuluzikulu Islam mu lamulo la zochitika zonse za anthu.

Masiku ano, mayiko Muslim kuzindikira ufulu kukhazikitsa dongosolo lililonse la mphamvu. Chinthu chachikulu ndi zikugwirizana zikhalidwe za dziko.

Kale m'zaka za m'ma 20. M'mayiko ambiri achisilamu zapita chitsanzo yotsala ya anthu. Komabe, mu theka lachiwiri la M'zaka zomwezi, azimuth kutsogolera kulimbitsa ndi udindo wa Islam mu moyo m'mayiko amenewa. Izi zinali makamaka momveka mu Iran, Pakistan ndi Sudan.