Chithunzi - Nchiyani ichi? Kutanthauza ndi mitundu ya zithunzi

Masiku ano, ndi chithunzi - ndi chinthu bwino zimene munthu loyang'anizana kangapo patsiku ndi aphunzira zawozo. Komabe, zaka 100 zapitazo chinthu ichi chinali gimmick ndi kuvumbitsira aliyense amene amaona, kuima mu kuzizwa ndi kukhulupirira zonse zimene zalembedwa pa izo. Kodi chithunzi? Ndi chiyani icho? Kodi mitundu ya zithunzi kumeneko? Tiuzeni za izo.

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "chithunzi"

Choyamba, m'pofunika kumvetsa tanthauzo la liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba ankaona.

Chithunzi otchedwa malonda kapena propaganda image, limodzi ndi malemba kakang'ono kapena lalifupi chiphiphiritso. Monga ulamuliro, zikwangwani amatuluka mu akamagwiritsa lalikulu kuyambira A3.

Nthawi zina amatchedwa ndi chithunzi kapena zithunzi.

Childs, zithunzi izi wokwera pa makoma ndipo zitseko za nyumba kapena malo mwapadera kutchula. Ena mafani zithunzi okleivayut kwawo.

M'njira yopapatiza kwambiri za mawu amene akusonyeza kuti mtundu wa zithunzi.

Komanso, nauni ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ofalitsa wotchuka mabodza USSR ankatchedwa, analipo kuchokera 70s m'ma kwa 2006. Pa nthawi imeneyi, "chithunzi" apadera osati nkhani eponymous kupanga komanso kusindikiza mapositi khadi, zithunzi, zithunzi, etc. . N.

The etymology mawu akuti pansi review,

Tikupeza mayankho ku funso lakuti: "Kodi izo - chithunzi", ndi bwino kuganizira za chiyambi cha nauni ndi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu chinenero cha Chirasha Mau olembedwa 1704 mpaka cha m'ma XIX, komabe anali mwakhama ntchito.

Mu Russian zinafika ku Latin, French ndi zinenero German. Dzuwa likulowa nzika za Roma amagwiritsa ntchito mawu placatum, amene anati malonda.

Patapita zaka zochepa mu Chifulenchi unakhazikitsidwa ku mneni placatum plaquer ( «naleplyat chinachake"). Ndipo nayenso anapereka kwa zikamera wa wapakamwa nauni titanyamula zikwangwani.

Ku French akuti wakhala anabwereka ndi Germany ndi pang'ono kusinthidwa - das Plakat. Ndi mu mawonekedwe nauni anali chinenero cha Chirasha, ndi lidakalipobe mpaka lero.

Dziwani mfundo zosangalatsa: ku France lero titanyamula zikwangwani akuti sikawirikawiri ntchito, m'malo leni mawu affich. M'mayiko Chingelezi umatchedwa chithunzi.

Features chithunzi

Chifaniziro cha mtundu uwu angapo mbali yapadera kuti kuwasiyanitsa ndi mankhwala ena osindikizira.

Choyamba, ichi ndi cholinga chomwe analengedwera: kukopa chidwi cha anthu ena ndipo kuwafotokozera za chinachake. Pa nkhani imeneyi, zithunzi ndi zolemba iwo amakhalabe lalikulu ndi yowala. Komanso, ntchito osachepera mawu, osati kwa oyang'anira tayala yaitali kuwerenga ndi kuwapatsa mphamvu mwamsanga mumvetse tanthauzo lake.

Monga ulamuliro, mawu amene analembedwa pa tsamba lotsatira - izi ndi zina chiphiphiritso catchy (zambiri ndi mchitidwe nthabwala kapena wordplay) ndi dzina la mankhwala kapena utumiki, kuchenjeza inu kuti anapanga fano ili.

Nkhani ya Thirani

Nkhani ndi kampeni zikwangwani choyamba ntchito ndi anthu Egypt. Komabe, pamene zithunzi akadamalanga akapolo wothawa.

Agiriki ndi Aroma anali bwino ndi chikhalidwe. Iwo ntchito timapepala ta zithunzi komanso mawu kudziŵitsa bwana malonda, komanso zithunzi kwa bwalo lamasewera.

Chithunzi choyamba (m'njira zamakono) anali zojambulidwa ndi dongosolo la ankagulitsa British Batdolda 1482 bizinesi nazo kuyesera msika magazini atsopano a "Euclidean Masamu".

Pambuyo pake, mazana angapo zithunzi anaonekera yosowa kwambiri. Komabe, cha m'ma XIX. French lithographer Zhyul Shere anaganiza kukhala lingaliro Batdolda. Mu 1866 iye anatsegula situdiyo wake, okhazikika kupanga zithunzi mu Paris. Cheret, kampani anali bwino yaikulu. Kwa zaka zingapo, iye walenga pazaka zikwi zithunzi owala, akukuitana kuti akapezeke pa zisudzo kapena zisudzo. Aliyense wa chithunzi chake - anali ntchito weniweni wa zojambulajambula, limene onse ali ndi dzanja. Mwa njira, Cher anakhazikitsa mfundo za luso kapangidwe zithunzi kuti simunataye kufunika awo lero.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XIX. zithunzi akhala mbali ya Mulimonse zofunika. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zithunzi ndiponso malonda a katundu aliyense.

Anthu a Russian Ufumu wa zaka wokongola ankadziwa bwino zimene chithunzi. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti XIX atumwi khumi zapitazi. chilengedwe malonda chifaniziro wakhala wotchuka mu ufumuwo. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi chakuti nthawi imeneyi anali World chionetsero cha zithunzi unachitikira mu Russia.

Chiyambireni cha XX m'ma lotopetsa zithunzi malonda akhala mwakhama ntchito mukubwadamuka ndale. Kukhala apainiya mu nkhani iyi French anayambanso.

Makamaka kuchuluka ntchito zithunzi ndale pambuyo First World nkhondo. Polimbikitsa anyamata apite odzipereka kuti kutsogolo, komanso ndalama kwa kukwiyira nzika za dziko tinkawasindikiza ndi kukopedwa zikwi zithunzi m'mayiko onse European.

Pambuyo ulimi wa 1917 m'dera la ufumu kale zaka zingapo kulenga mtundu umodzi wokha wa kampeni fano - chithunzi ndale. Kutanthauza kuti kumvetsedwa mwangwiro mitu yonse ya boma, kawirikawiri mankhwala ameneŵa amapangidwa kotsiriza kwa ndalama zake, mmalo mwa kupereka kwa nzika njala.

Ndi isanayambike nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse padziko lonse anayamba kufalitsa odana lopondereza zithunzi. The pafupi anapita kugonjetsa Nazi Germany, ndi chidaliro iwo anakhala.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa mtendere ku Ulaya, mayiko ambiri (kuphatikizapo USSR) akhoza kuika maganizo pa kusinthika kwa chuma chake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka lero, makamaka wotchuka kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi mafano zokhudza mavuto ostrosotsialnyh (uchidakwa, mankhwala osokoneza, upandu), nkhani kulengeza (za kadyedwe, tsiku chizolowezi, immunizations ndi zina zotero. N.).

Mitundu ya zithunzi kuti kopita

Popeza anachitira ndi tanthauzo ndi mbiri ya mawu, ndi bwino powasamalira mitundu yake. Choncho, kodi zithunzi cholinga cha chilengedwe chonse?

• Malonda. gulu ili mulinso zisudzo ndi kanema zithunzi za zisudzo, m'misonkhano malonda ndi zina zotero. N.
• Information. Paliponse akuitana, monga kulankhula za chinachake. Monga ulamuliro, izi zithunzi zambiri mawu ndi zithunzi ochepa. Zikuphatikizapo monographs ndi zithunzi.
• Maphunziro. Mwapadera ngati m'bukhu, amalimbikitsa bwino kuloŵerera zambiri.
• Malangizo. Mu njira zachidule ndi zomveka zotheka imfomeshoni pa malamulo a khalidwe mu malo osiyana ndi zipangizo oopsa.
• Political. Iwo ndi njira yaikulu ya kampeni pa chisankho.

Mitundu ya zithunzi njira chilengedwe chonse

Komanso, mfundo zithunzi amasiyana mmene anazipangira.

• Kucheza ndi dzanja. Amakezana ndi nthawi yambiri mawonekedwe a zithunzi. Masiku ano, pafupifupi m'malo zithunzi mkonzi kuti amalola kuti ajambule chithunzi pa kompyuta, ndiye kusindikiza izo.
• Screen-silika mafilimu yosindikiza. zithunzi izi zinalengedwa ntchito ya zidindo, kuti safunikira ndi mlengi luso lawo wapadera luso.
• Kusindikizidwa. Ambiri ndi yosavuta njira polenga mauthenga ndi malonda zithunzi. Lero, iye bwinobwino m'malo njira zina zonse.