Chitin - ndichiyani? Kugwiritsa chitin

Ngati mukuganiza kuti dzombe kudyedwa yekha mu Middle East ndi mayiko ena mu Africa, inu akulakwitsa kwambiri. Zakudya tizilombo Kwenikweni, nthawi zonse kuwononga moyo wathu. Akukhulupirira kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, chitin ali m'gulu la zikuchokera zakudya, zodzoladzola, mankhwala.

Ngakhale mu ulusi opaleshoni ndi nsalu kwa zaka zambiri anawonjezera mankhwala kapena ntchito kupanga opangidwa kuchokera awo. The Japanese anayamba kuchita poyamba. Zosowa mafashoni iwo anatola ndi America ndi azungu. Tsopano ku Russia agwirizana kuti mankhwala.

Chitin: icho chiri

ndi thunthu mu funso lotani? Dziwani izi. Ife amene sali truant mu maphunziro kusukulu zamoyo, ndithudi, bwino nkhaniyi, monga chitin. Chimene icho chiri, amadziwika kuti ambiri. Wa nkhaniyi zigwirizana nsomba zazinkhanira. Komabe, osati nyama ndi izo. Chitin ndi mbali ya exoskeleton wa arthropods: tizilombo (agulugufe, kafadala) ndi nkhono (lobusitara, nkhanu, nkhanu).

mankhwala, kuwonjezera, ndi omwe anapezeka ku khoma foni ya bowa ndi yisiti n'kumugawa m'magulumagulu. Ndipo algae - si mosatsata zomera awo. Chitin ndi awo khoma selo.

Chitin dongosolo, dongosolo la thunthu

Information za katundu ndi kapangidwe ka mapadi (woimira chofunika kwambiri polysaccharide umene ndi lalikulu structural zikuluzikulu za zomera) lero lino pa mabukuwo mu mawonekedwe paulendowo. Komabe, nkhani zomwe kapangidwe ka chitin, n'chochepa kwambiri. Komabe, ndendende maziko a dongosolo chigoba, amene amathandiza dongosolo selo n'kupanga nsalu mu cuticle tizilombo, zipolopolo crustacean, selo khoma mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Kodi nyumba chitinous tizilombo ndiponso nkhanu chibadidwe kuuma, chifukwa mapangidwe yeniyeni chitin-carbonate zovuta. Zikuoneka chifukwa cha mafunsidwe zinthu pa kashiamu carbonate ndi yofunika kwa ife, amene amachita monga ngati masanjidwewo zochita kupanga.

Pali ena kufanana pakati pa kapangidwe ka mapadi ndi chitin. Komabe, mosiyana ndi poyamba, chitin substituent pa 2 mpweya atomu ndi maziko wagawo acetamide gulu. Mu mapadi, udindo womwewo ankaimba ndi hydroxyl. Macromolecules mbadwa chitin (i.e., masoka) Choncho, nthawi zambiri zili angapo mayunitsi ndi ufulu magulu kwa amino chachikulu.

Zothandiza zimatha chitin

mankhwala anawonjezera kuti tiyambe fungo ndi kakomedwe ka chakudya, kusintha maonekedwe kapena ntchito usawonongeke. Pali zowonjezera zakudya umene uli. Zikuchokera chitin ndi mankhwala ali mankhwala. Athandize akukhulupirira kuti motere:

• Iwo kumabwezera mmbuyo kukula kwa maselo a khansa;
• Kumatetezera thupi lathu chifukwa cheza;
• bwino chitetezo cha m'thupi;
• Izo kumathandiza chitukuko cha sitiroko ndi matenda a mtima, monga kumawonjezera zotsatira za mankhwala kuti woonda magazi;
• Iwo akulimbana ndi zosiyanasiyana njira yotupa;
• Chimbudzi bwino (kumachepetsa acidity chapamimba, ndipo zimalimbikitsanso kukula kwa bifidobacteria opindulitsa);
• kupitiriza mlingo wochepa wa mafuta mu mwazi wathu, kumatithandiza ndi kunenepa ndi atherosclerosis;
• Iyamba njira minofu kukonza.

A thunthu kwambiri ndi chitin. Ndichiyani ndipo kodi mankhwala, zingakhale bwino kukumbukira.

Kodi wamba chitin m'chilengedwe

Umapezeka chikhalidwe zambiri. Moti ili kuwanda chiwiri kwa yaikulu ya nkhani organic (woyamba limabweretsa zamkati). asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anthu posachedwapa kudzalimbikitsa kuti yekha chitin zakudya. Mwachitsanzo, Sam Hudson, pulofesa zimapangidwira polima, posachedwapa inanena kuti pa nthawi ino, akatswiri ali pafupi kutsegula "dziko latsopano", pomwe chiwerengero cha mankhwala akhoza kuwapeza chitin, ali wopandamalire.

A mbiri pang'ono

Tiuzeni za mmene onse anayamba poyerekezera ndi zinthu monga chitin. Kodi izo ndi zomwe ndaphunzira mu zaka zana la 19. Back mu 1811, Pulofesa Genri Brakonno, wotsogolera ili mu Nancy (France), ndi Botanical Garden anayamba kufufuza mankhwala zikuchokera bowa. Tcheru wasayansi ndi anakopeka chinthu chachilendo. chidulo cha safuriki sanathenso kuyimisa nchito nyumbayi. Ichi chinali chitin. Patapita kanthawi zinaonekeratu kuti biopolymer anasankha asayansi ku France, alipo osati bowa. Anapezeka mu elytra tizilombo.

Chitin, katundu wa amene adakali anali insufficiently kuphunzira, anali mwalamulo dzina lake mu 1823. Kumasulira kwa Greek "chitin" amatanthauza "zovala". Asayansi anamasulidwa mu 1859 ku mapuloteni ndi calcium, anatuluka izo chinthu chatsopano. Iye ankatchedwa chitosan. mankhwala ngakhale chidwi kwambiri kuposa kuloŵedwa m'malo. Iwo imayendetsa ntchito ma, amasintha katulutsidwe m'thupi ndi mantha kudziletsa lamulo, kulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito wathanzi thupi ndi moyo, monga momwe maphunziro posachedwapa. Ndipo awa ndi ena mwa katundu wake wofunika. Komabe, chitin, pambuyo atulukira onse koyamba palibe amene ankachita chidwi ndi zaka zana, kupatulapo akatswiri yopapatiza.

Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 zinali kupeza momwe opindulitsa thanzi wa zinthu zimenezi. Komabe, anthu adakali kwambiri kale anayamba kudya arthropods ndi moyenera, chitin nyama.

About zaka zingati anali kudya tizilombo

Ngakhale m'buku la Levitiko mu m'Baibulo otchula "kudetsedwa" ndi "oyera" tizilombo, kuti ndi oyenera ndi zosafunika anthu mowa. Ndi "oyera", mwachitsanzo, monga ziwala ndi dzombe. Yohane Mbatizi mu chipululu, kumadya dzombe ndi uchi wa kuthengo. Herodotus, wolemba mbiri Greek, inanena kuti Africa igwire tizilombo touluka izi. Kenako zouma mu dzombe dzuwa, anatsanulira mkaka ndiponso kudya. Akukhulupirira kuti dzombe mu uchi chiyani sanyoza ngakhale Aroma wakale. Ndipo mkazi wa Muhamadi, woyambitsa wa Islam, anatumiza trays lonse tizilombo izi monga mphatso mkazi wake.

Pa bwalo la Montezuma, Indian wolamulira pa chakudya maphwando anatumikira nyerere yophika. Alfred Brehm, Wofufuzayo wotchuka ndi nyama, m'buku lake lotchedwa "Animal Life" analemba za chakuti anthu a Sudan kukakwera chiswe ndi kuzidyera ndi zosangalatsa.

amasangalatsa yamakono ya arthropods

chikondi tizilombo msika wazakudya zophika anasunga mu mayiko ambiri masiku ano. Mu Middle East, komanso m'mayiko ena African mu nyumba zikuluzikulu ndi masitolo kugulitsa dzombe, ndi mtengo odyera menyu zonse zikuphatikizapo mbale kwa izo. Mu Philippines amadziwika njira zambiri kuphika crickets. Mu Mexico, kudya ziwala ndi nsikidzi, akanyimbi. Mu Thailand, lacquer ndi mphutsi za kafadala, ndi dragonflies, ndi mbozi ndi crickets.

zakudya chitin

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'zaka 19 mochedwa anabwera ndi zakudya tizilombo. Vincent Holt, English zachilengedwe ndi wofufuza, anayamba kufuulira, monga kuyenera nyama ndi kudya ndi zamasamba kuti entomophags (otchedwa chakudya tizilombo). Holt, sankadziwa kuti chitin ndi chitosan ozdoravlivayusche kuchita pa thupi, analemba kuti monga gwero la zakudya tizilombo kuyeretsa kwambiri ndi athanzi kuposa nyama zina. Ndipotu, iwo kudya chakudya zamasamba.

Zakudya mtengo wa tizilombo

Ndingafike mokwanira ndi tizilombo? Izo zimapangitsa izo kovuta, koma n'kotheka, makamaka ngati kukumbukira zimene ali katundu mozizwitsa chitin. Ntchito zakudya kukhala othandiza, ngati osachepera kudzitamandira akhakula m'mene mukufunira kuti akakole ziwala, kafadala ndowe, njuchi ndi chiswe, kuti Uwerenge kulemera anali magalamu 100. zakudya mtengo magalamu 100 tizilombo zotsatirazi.

• Ziwala adzakupatsani 20,6 mapuloteni ndi 6.1 ga mafuta.
• Manyowa kafadala - 17.2 ga mapuloteni ndi 3.8 ga mafuta.
• Chiswe - 14,2 ga mapuloteni ndi 2.2g mafuta.
• Njuchi lili 13.4 ga mapuloteni ndi 1.4g mafuta.

Yerekezerani ndi ng'ombe - 23,5 ga mapuloteni ndi magalamu 21,2 mafuta.

Komabe entomophagy amakhalabe, koma zosowa. Mu nthawi yathu, pofuna kuti kuchiritsa katundu wa chitin kapena chitosan, si kofunika kudya scarabs ndi mphemvu kugonjetsa fastidiousness. Kuti tichite zimenezi, chabe kupita sitolo ndi kusankha zakudya.

Studies amachitika dziko lathu

Chiphunzitso cha chitin anali atalenga mu Soviet Union mu zaka 1960. Izi mankhwala ayenera amathandiza kuti chitetezo cha kutentha ionizing. Kukhala ndi mankhwala atsopano anali wachinsinsi ndi asilikali. The zikuchokera sing'anga uyu zabisidwa ngakhale kwa madokotala. Pambuyo mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano pa anyani, agalu ndi mbewa, izo anawonetsedwa kuti mankhwala amawathandiza kupulumuka ngakhale pambuyo analandira mlingo woopsa cheza. Patapita kanthawi, akatswiri anapeza kuti ubwino wa mankhwala chitin ndi anthu. katundu wawo Komanso si zokhazo zotsatira chimodzi chokha radioprotective.

Ndinazindikira kuti chitin ndi ena ofanana amatha kuthana ndi chifuwa, khansa, matumbo matenda, matenda oopsa ndi zina zotero. D. Chitin kulolerana mopitirira zimathandiza kuti kuwonjezera nthawi ya zochita za mankhwala ena.

kafukufuku wamakono

Ndipo lero akupitiriza kufufuza za chitosan ndi chitin. Mu Russia, ali pachibwenzi asayansi amene ali mamembala a Russian Chitin Society, unakhazikitsidwa mu 2000. Pamafunikanso ofufuza osati okhawo amene akuphunzira zinthuzi mwachindunji, komanso oimira nthambi zina za sayansi, komanso ulimi, mankhwala ndi malonda. Best Western hitinologam kupereka mphoto wapadera Brakonnovskaya. Iwo nalo dzina lake polemekeza Bracon, amene anali mpainiya wa chitin. Mu dziko lathu mphoto ngati dzina la Paulo Shorygina. academician Ichi ndi wokonda za kafukufuku chitin.