Chitsamba tiyi: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe, mitundu, kulima ndi ayamikira

Dzina la Chinese tiyi Thea sinensis munakhala ndi dzanja kuwala Swedish wasayansi Karla Linneya, ndi chifukwa icho chiri chimodzimodzi azungu kuitana chakumwa chodabwitsa. Mu 1758 kunapatsidwa dzina chomera pambuyo wamkazi Greek nzeru. Ndipo lero chakumwa chotchuka ntchito masamba anasonkhana ku chitsamba tiyi. Anthu ndi chimwene kumwa, kupeza mtima, mzimu wa kutsitsimuka kumva mumtima.

Chinese tiyi: kufotokoza, katundu

Chinese tiyi chitsamba - ndi wa masamba obiriwira chitsamba chilichonse pa banja la tiyi (ku Asia). Masamba ntchito yokonza chakumwa zimandilimbikitsa, amene kalekale ambiri mu dziko.

Masamba a chomera tiyi lili ngati peresenti ya tiyi kapena khofi, amene ali pafupi awiri nthawi kuposa mu nyemba khofi. Komanso pepala (Lapsany) opangidwa sungunuka mbamuikha tiyi. Tonga opanga wake - India, Kenya, Sri Lanka ndi China.

Wild tiyi chitsamba kufika msinkhu wa mamita mpaka 9, koma akulimidwa monga tchire kumera saposa 1.5 m, mochuluka nthambi ndi kubala angapo masamba elliptical kapena lanceolate mawonekedwe denticulate. Ali ndi kukula m'litali kuchokera masentimita 5 mpaka 13. White maluwa chitsamba zimatulutsa wofatsa fungo lokoma. Masamba ali kwambiri mavitamini (m'nthawi 4 kuposa mandimu), tiyi kapena khofi, utoto.

Nthano ndi mabuku a mbiri yakale

Malinga ndi nthano ina, woyambirira ndinayamba kumwa tiyi, wolamulira Chinese, yemwe anayamikira wapadera onunkhira fungo la masamba tiyi chomera, mwangozi igwera mu mphika wake wa madzi owira pa moto. Pambuyo pa zimenezi anayamba kufalitsa padziko kukoma amazipanga zodabwitsa. Chitsamba tiyi ndipo anali mwini wa masamba awa.

Mu wakale Japanese nthano limati mu tiyi masamba amakhala kosatha wagwa, mwini amene anali munthu. Iye anangoti sakanakhoza kufika kugona, choncho nthawi zonse maso awo ali otseguka.

Ku Ulaya, Dutch anabweretsa masamba tiyi kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1610, ndipo mu England tiyi anagunda 1664th. London kuyambira tiyi imatengedwa likulu dziko. The Briton pafupifupi kumwa patsiku kwa 5 zikho za chakumwa zimandilimbikitsa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu America, iye chaonekera Boston mu 1714.

Tinayamba kukula tiyi mu China kuchokera kalelo. Japan anatenga izo mu Zapakati, ndipo kenako anayamba kuchita kuphunzitsidwa Ceylon ndi India (1870). Popeza 1880s anayamba bwinobwino kukula tiyi mu America (North Carolina , ndipo Texas), koma chifukwa cha mtengo mkulu ntchito, chikhalidwe sipakanakhoza zikhazikike. Ambiri nakulitsa tiyi chomera pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, m'madera yaikulu China, Japan, India, Taiwan, Ceylon ndi Sumatra. Ndiye tiyi m'minda anayamba kuoneka m'mayiko ena.

zinthu kukula

Tiyi wakula m'minda pa yamakhonde otsetsereka phiri. Zomera ambiri popangidwa ndi undercutting, sikuti kokha kukhudza toyesa mbewu. Mu East, tiyi chitsamba kwambiri kukula pa mlingo wa pachaka wa mpweya wa za 2500 ndi 5100 mm. zomera amakonda nyengo ofunda ndi kutentha 10-32 ° Celsius ndi okwera zolimbitsa. Makamaka zabwino kwa iye nthaka acidic.

Komanso yaing'ono kudulira pachaka kasupe, m'chaka chachitatu nthaŵi zambiri kuwala, ndipo pa chakhumi - lolemera (mlingo zayamba kuuluka). Mavesi a chitsamba amapereka ndondomeko kupanga thicker zomera ndi zimayambira zikuluzikulu zingapo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, aliyense masiku 40, kukolola atachotsedwa izo. zaka 25-50 moyo tiyi chitsamba.

Tiyi ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu chikhalidwe, kungakhale mtengo yaing'ono. Ena tchire tiyi zimatha kukhala zaka 100. M'katikati mwa chilimwe (July) pa tiyi chitsamba masamba kuoneka ndi maluwa pachimake mu September. Maluwa kumatenga ndithu nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi mu autumn, pambuyo pake mabokosi anapanga mkati amene zipse mbewu ndi mtundu brownish.

Ndi chitsamba asonkhanitse wamng'ono ndi ambiri zokoma masamba kupanga tiyi. Awa woyamba masamba atatu ndi impso pamwamba, wotchedwa chamadzi. Recent ndi kukonzedwa, pambuyo umene umabala osiyana mitundu ya tiyi, malingana ndi njira processing.

Tiyi chitsamba mu nyumba

Kunyumba, zomera sikawirikawiri adayilimira, ngakhale nyota zambiri: yaitali woyera maluwa onunkhira maluwa (a miyezi ingapo), otsika yokonza, moyo wautali.

Chofunika - tiyi chomera si wokongola ndi choyambirira, komanso kumabweretsa phindu kwa masamba ake. Wofululidwa zimandilimbikitsa angakwanitse maganizo ndi amapereka mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Tiyi zomera ndi mwachilungamo mosavuta kukula kunyumba. Basi n'komwe mu mawu a kukula kwa chilengedwe chake ndi kutsatira iwo.

njira yapadera ya mowa tiyi

Poyamba, masamba tiyi ntchito ngati chomera zokometsera, koma Burma ndi akadali marinate. Mbamuikha tiyi mu mawonekedwe a njerwa kapena matailosi ku Mongolia pambuyo zimapita mu madzi, ndi kudya batala kapena balere wokazinga ndi mbewu tirigu ( "tsamboy").

Anthu ena kumwa tiyi ndi mchere. Mu Japan ndi China, pali tiyi miyambo ya chipembedzo: Taoists ntchito monga mankhwala a matenda chosafa, ndi Abuda kumwa kwa kusinkhasinkha. The Japanese anawonjezera pa moŵa tiyi maluwa a Jasmine woyera, Thais kutafuna masamba, ndi mu Arab dziko kumwa tiyi, zinachitika ndi timbewu.

Zinyalala tiyi kupanga amadziwikanso osati kusowa, ndi yotengedwa tiyi kapena khofi, amene ntchito mankhwala monga stimulant ndi anawonjezera kuti zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Mmodzi wa chakumwa chotchuka kwambiri ndi woziziritsidwa tiyi. chakumwa zofewa kawirikawiri aledzera mu United States.

Mitundu ya mbewu ya tiyi: ndi kudalira kukolola ndiponso pokonza

Woyamba kwambiri malonda ( "kung'anima") Akusonkhanitsa m'chaka chachisanu. Nthawi zina kusonkhanitsa 3 ndi 4 masamba kuchokera pamwamba ngati ali ndithu yowutsa mudyo ndi zofewa.

Kwa kupanga wakuda (bwino thovu) Mankhwala tiyi choyamba mbewu lopuwala masamba poyimitsa, motero kuonetsetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni awo ofooka, ndiyeno anapotoza ndi kuwononga maselo makoma (makutidwe ndi okosijeni akupitiriza). Kenako, masamba poyera kuti lawi kuyanika madengu wapadera pa moto nkhuni makala kapena magalimoto mwapadera. Ngati nayonso mphamvu si anabweretsa mapeto, ndiye malingana kuya kwake, choyamba, chikasu kapena wofiira tiyi. Pamene Pre-zimapita masamba kuteteza nayonso mphamvu, ndiye ndi tiyi.

Pekoe amatchedwa pekoe, omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Chinese monga "imvi". Choncho amaimira kwambiri wachifundo wamng'ono (yokutidwa ndi fuzz) masamba a chitsamba tiyi.

Pomaliza

Tikumbukenso kuti 1817 woyamba tiyi chitsamba anabzala mu Russia (Nikitsky Botanical Garden ku Crimea). Ndi nthawi ku Russia chakumwa anali wotchuka kwambiri. Kenaka anayamba kukula mu Georgia, ndipo iye anaonekera Sochi mu 1900.

Azerbaijan iyawonekambo pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Pa nthawi Soviet, pafupifupi 100 000 mahekitala anali wotanganidwa ndi m'minda tiyi, ndi kubala mankhwala kukonzedwa ndi matani 60 zikwi pa chaka.