Miyala chiphala kuti kupanga pansi pa madzi. Alumali, maganizo, guyots

Monga otchedwa chiphala miyala kuti kupanga pansi pa madzi? basalt izi. Anabisa makilomita lalikulu oposa mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu miliyoni, anagonjetsedwa ndi matupi a madzi padziko lathuli.

Pamwamba mpaka pansi pa nyanja

Thandizo, imene imagwiritsidwa miyala chiphala kuti kupanga pansi pa madzi, ndi zovuta ndi sakanikira. Kuonetsetsa mwachindunji World seafloor ndi pafupi chokhala ndi malire a zozama.

M'madzi malire lomwe lili chiphala mwala, chigawo pansi nyanja mu mawonekedwe a basalt, agone indissoluble ndi m'maiko pafupi.

Akatswiriwa kusiyanitsa zone alumali, chokhala otsetsereka ndi chokhala ndi phazi. Nthawi zambiri ndi anthu wamba anakumana ndi malo alumali. Ndi pafupi dziko. Kuseri kwa izo muli miyala chiphala kuti kupanga pansi pa madzi.

alumali

Zolemba malire madzi akuya mu zone alumali mamita nkomwe oposa mazana awiri. Mpumulo mu dera lokha losiyana mbadwa wofatsa, mbali ya ndingaliro ya amene kumawonjezera pang'onopang'ono.

Pa chitsanzo pamwamba bwanji kale anasefukira masitepe, coastlines, mitsinje ndi madamu. M'lifupi mwa malo alumali zimasiyanasiyana. Zimakhala mazana angapo mamita, ndi angafikire makumi makilomita.

M'lifupi pazipita zoni alumali imagwera pa gombe la nyanja ya Arctic. Waung'ono alumali akutambasula pafupi kugombe la Indian ndi Pacific m'dera la America.

chokhala otsetsereka

The otsetsereka chokhala ndi okuya kwambiri Chigawo kuti mukhoza kupita kwambiri kwa mlingo wa mamita zikwi zitatu. phazi Ngelezi akufanana mbalambanda, ndi sanali yunifolomu undulating pamwamba.

M'lifupi gawo ili la pansi nyanja mpaka mazana makilomita, koma kuya okha kwa makilomita atatu okha. Koma bedi, izo pafupifupi kwathunthu alimbane ndi miyala chiphala kuti kupanga pansi pa nyanja ndipo nyanja. Iwo ali kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe zovuta. Pamwamba pake, pali zitunda ndi heaths mapiri, zilumba ndi lonse m'mapiri.

ngalande

Nthawi zina, pali m'madzi pansi pa m'ngalande ya madzi onyansa. mozama awo pazipita makilomita asanu. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anakonza kufanana kwa maphunziro a dziko lonselo kapena mobwerezabwereza anaŵerama m'maiko. Nambala yaikulu ya ufa amenewa anaikira pansi pa za Pacific Ocean.

guyots chachinsinsi

Guyot - wina mchitidwe pansi pa madzi. Guyots ndi chiphala chamoto, mu chikhalidwe ndipo lathyathyathya phiri, ataliatali pamwamba zigwa pansi.

Pa nthawi ina, protrusions amenewa inali pamwamba pa madzi, koma kenako anapita pansi. Monga padziko pansi nyanja, pali zoposa zikwi khumi zosiyanasiyana phiri nsonga za chiyambi chiphala.