Gorodetsky Sergey Mitrofanovich: biography, chilengedwe, chithunzi

Gorodetsky Sergey Mitrofanovich ndi wolemba ndakatulo wodziwika bwino wa Chirasha, mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri oimira malemba a acmeism.

Chizoloŵezi cha masiku ano cha ndakatulo cha Chirasha chinakhazikitsidwa monga momwe amachitira zochitika zophiphiritsira ndikutsatira mfundo za kubwezeretsedwera kwa zolemba, kusiya zenizeni zachinsinsi ndi kulandira dziko lapansi mwa kukongola kwake kwenikweni, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi zooneka bwino.

Sergei Gorodetsky: Biography

Sergei Gorodetsky anabadwira ku St. Petersburg pa January 5, 1884. Banja lake linali losiyana ndi miyambo yamakhalidwe: amayi adakali achidziwitso ndi Turgenev IS, abambo ake ankachita nawo kujambula, analemba zojambula ndi zofukulidwa zakale ndipo kuyambira ali mwana adalimbikitsa mwanayo chilakolako cha ndakatulo. Little Sergei mu phunziro la makolo ake nthawi zambiri ankakumana ndi olemba otchuka ndi ojambula, ndi NS. Leskov anam'patsa buku lakuti "Lefty" ndi signature. Pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka 9, bambo ake anamwalira, ndipo kusamaliridwa kwa ana asanu kunagwa pamapere a amayi a Ekaterina Nikolaevna.

Nthawi za ophunzira

Mu 1902, mnyamatayo adalowa ku yunivesite ya St. Petersburg ku Faculty History and Philology. Kumeneko adayanjana ndi Blok A., omwe ndakatulo yake inakhudza kwambiri chidziwitso cha wophunzira waluso. Zinali kwa iye, muyeso weniweni wa zokondweretsa ndi makhalidwe abwino, kuti Sergey adakhulupirire zinsinsi zobisika za zochitika zosiyanasiyana muzojambula ndi moyo. Kuwonjezera pa chilakolako chake cha ndakatulo, Gorodetsky Sergei Mitrofanovich, amene mbiri yake ndi yosangalatsa kwa m'badwo wamakono, anaphunzira zilankhulo za Slavic, mabuku a Russian, mbiri yakale ndi zojambula. Kwa kanthawi ndithu adakhala m'ndende "Crosses" chifukwa chokhala nawo m'gulu lazinthu. Ataphunzira ku yunivesite mpaka 1912, sanamalize.

Chilengedwe cha Sergei Gorodetsky

Mu 1904 ndi 1905, Gorodetsky anapanga maulendo a chilimwe m'chigawo cha Pskov, kudzuka kwa wolemba ndakatulo wodziŵa bwino chidwi chenicheni cha zojambulajambula. Poganizira zovina zovuta, masewera akale ozungulira, kusangalatsa nkhani zamakedzana, wolemba zaka 22 analemba buku lakuti "Yary" (1906) - ubongo wake woyamba ndi wopambana. M'malembawo, ndakatuloyi inakonzanso zojambula zenizeni zenizeni zakale za Rus Rus ndi zojambula zenizeni, zomwe zinthu zoyambirira zinagwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zenizeni zenizeni zakale, zikhulupiriro zachikunja ndi masewera a mwambo. Iwo anali mavesi okondweretsa kwambiri, kupuma ndi mwatsopano ndi unyamata wa kumverera kwa ndakatulo.

Kuchokera kwa otsutsa ndi owerenga omwe anatchulidwa ku Gorodetsky, yemwe anali ndi nthano zakale za Asilavic m'maganizo amveketsedwa m'mabuku amasiku ano, zokhazokha zinamveka zomveka. Poyesa kupitiliza kupambana kwake ndi kubwerera kwa omwe adadziwika ndi kutchuka, Sergei anayamba kuyendayenda mwatsatanetsatane pofunafuna njira zatsopano ndikuyesera kuti adziwe zozizwitsa zake. Komabe, zofalitsa zotsatirazi (zolemba za Perun (1907), Wild Will (1908), Rus (1910), Iva (1914)) sizinapangitse maganizo onse omwe wolemba ndakatulo anali kuyembekezera. Tikhoza kunena kuti maonekedwe awo adakhala osadziwika.

Chikhalidwe cha ana mu ntchito ya ndakatulo

M'chaka cha 1910 mpaka 1915, wolembayo adziyesera yekha m'zinenero zatsopano ndipo amapanga ntchito monga "Padziko Lapansi", "The Tale. Nkhani "," Old Nests "," Adam ", wokondweretsa" Mdima Wamdima ", tsoka" Marit ". Kuwongolera mwambo wa ana, mabuku a Russian akugwiritsanso ntchito Sergei, yemwe analemba ntchito zambiri za ana ndipo anajambula zithunzi za achinyamata.

Mu 1911, Gorodetsky Sergei Mitrofanovich adadziwonetsera yekha kuti anali wolemba mabuku, akukonzekera kufalitsa ntchito yolemba ntchito ndi Ivan Savich Nikitin ndikupita naye ndi ndemanga yoyamba ndi ndondomeko yowonjezera. Mu 1912, kudandaula ndi zizindikiro, pamodzi ndi Nikolai Gumilev anapanga "Masewera" Atsitsi ", anayamba kufotokozera malipoti ndipo amalengeza mwachidwi acmeism, yomwe inkawonetsedwa momveka bwino m'magulu a" Willow "ndi" Blossoming Staff "(1913).

Ubwenzi ndi Esenin

Mu Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse, Sergei Gorodetsky, yemwe maphunziro ake afupipafupi akuphunzitsidwa kusukulu, adayikidwa ndi malingaliro a dziko, monga momwe amasonyezera mu "Zaka khumi ndi Zinayi" (1915). Yankho ili kudziko lachikhalidwe linamupangitsa kukangana ndi olemba achi Russia akuluakulu.

Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1915, ubwenzi wake ndi Esenin unayamba, ndipo wolemba ndakatulo Sergei Gorodetsky ankakhulupirira kuti mabuku a ku Russia anali ndi chiyembekezo. Mnyamata wina wachizungu yemwe anali ndi tsitsi lofiira anabwera ku nyumbayo kwa wolemba ndakatulo yemwe anagwiridwa pa malingaliro a Blok; Masalmo ake adalumikizidwa kumtunda wamba. Kuchokera pa mizere yoyamba, Sergei Mitrofanovich anamvetsa chisangalalo chimene chinabwera ku ndakatulo ya Chirasha. Nyumba ya wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Yesenin adachokera pamsonkhano wakuti "Chaka chakhumi ndi chinayi", womwe unasindikizidwa ndi Gorodetsky, ndi makalata ovomerezeka ku nyumba zofalitsa zosiyanasiyana.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1916, Gorodetsky, yemwe ankakhumudwa ndi ntchito yolemba mabuku, anakangana ndi A. Blok ndi V. Ivanov (mtsogoleri wa St. Petersburg Symbolists) ndipo monga wolemba nyuzipepala anapita ku Caucasian Front. Panali pano pamene ndinazindikira kusadziŵa kwanga kumvetsa kwanga za nkhondo, zomwe ndimaganizira m'mavesi okhudzidwa kwambiri ("Angel of Armenia", 1918).

Pa February Revolution wa 1917, wolemba ndakatulo anali ku Iran, akugwira ntchito kumsasa wa typhus. Zochitika za Oktoba zinamupeza iye ku Caucasus: choyamba ku Tiflis, komwe adawerenga njira yodzitetezera mumzinda wa Baku. Mu 1918 iye analemba ndakatulo yakuti "Nostalgia", yomwe inatsimikizira ndakatuloyo kuvomereza zochitika zatsopano.

Kukonzekera kwa dziko latsopano

Mu 1920, Gorodetsky adachita nawo mwakhama moyo watsopano, adakhala mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yowopsya, ndipo adalemba mbali yolemba za kayendetsedwe ka ndale kwa magalimoto a Caspian, anayamba kukonza magazini osiyanasiyana, ndipo adawonekera ndi nkhani ndi zokambirana pamitu yambiri.

Mu 1921, anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene anakhala ku nyuzipepala yotchedwa Izvestia (dipatimenti yolemba mabuku) ndi Nikolai Nikolayevich Aseev (Soviet ndakatulo) amene adayambitsa Mint of Theatre Revolution. M'zaka za m'ma 1920 nthawi zonse ankasintha malingaliro ake olembedwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amafalitsidwa. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, Gorodetsky anayamba kutembenuza, ndikudziŵitsa wowerenga ndi olemba ndakatulo a mayiko ena oyandikana nawo. Kuonjezera apo, iye adalenga choyambirira cha operatic libretto kwa ntchito zingapo.

Zaka zankhondo

M'masiku oyambirira a Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikondi, Sergei, ali ku Leningrad, analemba ndakatulo "Poyankha mdani," zomwe adawerenga pa wailesi. Gorodetsky nthawi zambiri ankalankhula pa mfundo zolemba, misonkhano ndi misonkhano. M'zaka za nkhondo, wolemba ndakatuloyu anachoka ku Uzbekistan, kenako ku Tajikistan. Kumeneko anamasulira Mabaibulo a ndakatulo ndi olemba a m'deralo. Nkhondo isanathe, iye anabwerera ku likulu la dzikoli, kumene anapitiriza kulemba zipatso.

Mu 1945, Gorodetsky Sergey adamuika mkazi wake Anna Alexeevna - bwenzi lapamtima ndi mnzake wa moyo wake wonse. Mu 1958 iye anafalitsa ntchito yake ya autobiographical My Way. M'zaka zapitazi za moyo wake adali kuphunzitsa ku Literary Institute . Gorky. Chimodzi mwa ndakatulo zotsiriza za Gorodetsky chinali ndakatulo yakuti "Harp", yomwe ndakatuloyo inatembenukira ku moyo wa nyimbo zomwe ankakonda, zomwe zimatanthauza zambiri kwa iye. Sergei Mitrofanovich Gorodetsky anamwalira mu 1967, ali ndi zaka 83.