Cinchona mtengo: kufotokoza, ntchito yopindulitsa weniweni katundu, contraindications

Izi ndi zodabwitsa mtengo mbadwa za m'mapiri a America South. M'kupita kwa nthawi, unaperekedwa kuti mbali zina za dziko. Cinchona mtengo chakula kotentha. Pali lomwe dzina chomera chikutchedwa mkazi wa viceroy la Peru, wotchuka wa Chinchon, pambuyo kuchira ku malungo (mwina malungo) cinchona makungwa mu 1638.

M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, cinchona amakonda nkhalango zowirira. Zosowa za chinyezi mkulu mpweya ndi nthaka lonyowa.

A mbiri pang'ono

Posachedwapa, amodzi mwa matenda ambiri ndi owopsa mu dziko ankaona kuti malungo, kugulitsidwa ambirimbiri chaka chilichonse. M'mayiko ndi nyengo chinyezi ndi kutentha koma makamaka ponseponse. ochiritsa ankakhulupirira kuti Chifukwa cha ichi lagona pa matenda nthunzi katundu kuuka kwa zithaphwi. Choncho mutu wake (malare - «mphepo zoipa").

Wathunso malungo ndi America. Koma mbadwa m'dera aphunzira kuchiza matenda oopsa. Ankachita mankhwala kwa otentha makungwa. Tikumbukenso kuti mbadwa kwambiri anayamikira makungwa ichi, chimene Tingaone pa dzina la - mwaulemu amatchedwa "abale-abale" kutanthauza "The makungwa waukulu."

Pamene azungu katswiri America, anapeza kuti pali mankhwala a malungo. Koma mbadwa sanali mofulumira kuwulula chinsinsi cha "abale-abale", iwo mseri akunja mtengo (cinchona). Panatenga zaka kuti kumvetsa ndi wothandizila antimalarial.

Zikamera wa mankhwala a malungo mu Europe

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII mu Spanish njuchi la Peru monga wachiwiri kwa Mfumu Louis unachitikira Tsinhon. Iye anayesera mwakukhoza kwake kuthandiza anthu a ku Ulaya kuthetsa chinsinsi cha wothandizila antimalarial. Mu 1638 malungo (monga m'masiku amenewo zambiri amatchedwa malungo) kudwala mkazi wake Anna Tsinhon (Chinchon). Ndipo panali chozizwitsa: izo anachiritsa makungwa a yosadziŵika mtengo.

Patapita nthawi, anadwala Luis Tsinhon. Matenda anakakamizika iye 1641 kubwera kwa Spain. Ndi iye anabweretsa muyezo wa mankhwala makungwa "abale-abale". Koma pamene madokotala Ulaya sanathe kupanga za izo ndi mankhwala ogwira. Izitu n'zovutitsa la tsoka: Tsinhon koyamba ku Ulaya ndi mankhwala ochiza malungo, imene anamwalira.

Pambuyo pake, anthu a ku Ulaya anakwanitsa mitundu yonse ya osiyana - wolungama, ndi zambiri wosalungama - njira kuchotsa mbadwa makungwa mankhwala ndi kubweretsa izo kwa Africa wanu. Pomaliza, mankhwala anaonekera mu Europe. Makamaka bwino pa matenda a malungo dokotala Talbor (UK). Adachira matenda odwala ambiri. Pakati pa odwala ake oyamikira analowa French mfumu Louis XIV.

Mwamwayi, luso lokonzekera mankhwala anali, ngati lonseli, n'zosadabwitsa yosavuta. Makungwa anali n'kukhala ndi ufa wosalala anathira vinyo. Chifukwa, amazipanga bitters. Dzina tuzemskogo inali kudziŵika kuti "kwinini". Mtengo, amene analandira kotekisi, motero, anali hinnym. Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX wotchuka Russian wasayansi F. I. Gize anapeza kuti kotekisi amapereka machiritso katundu wa alkaloid ali m'bukuli. Iye natchedwa kwinini.

Ulaya akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri kuyesera kupeza mu nkhalango cinchona (mankhwala). Ndipo komabe, ngakhale kusafuna a mbadwa za mwachangu kuthandiza iwo, chinsinsi kuthetsedwa. Mwamwayi, machiritso makungwa ndi mitundu mtengo angapo a m'banja Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae). Likugwirizana mu mtundu womwewo, ndi lalikulu Karl Linney nampatsa dzina tsinhona. Ambiri ntchito ngati mankhwala analandira krasnokorkovoe cinchona. The Tingafinye wa zomera ndi ambiri mu masiku athu. Izo ntchito zonse mu chikhalidwe ndi mu mankhwala wowerengeka. Koma tikambirana ina.

Cinchona: kufotokoza

Ndi ndi yobiriwira mtengo a m'banja Rubiaceae. Iwo ali mwachindunji wochepa tsinde, amene kutalika ukufika mamita awiri. M'mikhalidwe achilengedwe, ndi wamphamvu therere kuti ali ndi wandiweyani ozungulira korona. thunthu m'mimba mwake - za wina mita. thunthu aphimbidwa ndi khungwa wooneka imvi, pamene, ngati nthambi achinyamata azioneka utoto.

masamba

Ovate, monzama, ndipo nthawizina masamba pafupifupi kuzungulira kufika kutalika kwa masentimita makumi asanu. Iwo utoto wowala mtundu wobiriwira, kawirikawiri chonyezimira, leathery, pubescent pamodzi mitsempha. Petioles mpaka masentimita asanu. masamba Young kuti basi zinachitika ku masamba ndi utoto ofiira owala, choncho mtengo (cinchona) zimasonyeza bwinobwino mu nkhalango. Mwina, ndipo zimenezi osakaniza ndi kamvekedwe utoto nthambi achinyamata ndi yaikulu dzina mitundu ya mbewu.

maluwa

Cinchona, chithunzi chimene mukuonera nkhaniyi, ali ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, pamodzi ambulela. Iwo apanga shirokopiramidalnye paniculate, inflorescences lalikulu. Aliyense maluwa ali pyatizubchatym pubescent wobiriwira chikho, limene likugwirabe zipatso. Corolla pinki pubescent yaitali chubu kupinda ndi lobes asanu. Iye ali stamens asanu. Munsi gustoopushen pansi, ndi manyazi bifid ndi ndime filamentous. Stamens angakhale amayesetsa osiyana. Mu zomera, chodabwitsa wotchedwa geterostiliey. Izi ndi chifukwa anatengera zomera ogwira mtanda kubereketsa zomera.

zipatso

Zikuimira dvuhgnezdnuyu bokosi oblong kuti masentimita atatu m'litali, mfuti malekezero onse, zofiirira-bulauni mtundu. Aliyense chisa kupangika kwa mbewu twente-faifi. Mbewu makwinya ndi mosabisa, kuwala bulauni mu mtundu, wazunguliridwa ndi lonse Chimaona tonkopereponchatoe phiko.

nkhuni awonongedwe

Takambirana kale za chakuti dziko la zomera - ndi kotentha wa South America. Anthu anayamikira cinchona (katundu makamaka), izo zinayamba chimphona-ang'ono chiwonongeko cha mitundu. Choncho njira woipitsitsawu kukolola feedstock.

Mosiyana ndi mbadwa, amene tili osamalitsa kuti zomera wapatali, ku Ulaya anayambitsa workpiece ndi ochita mtengo (cinchona) anatembenuka kwawo pa latsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Mitengo kudula mwankhanza anatenga makungwa kwa iwo. Mwamwayi, ngakhale panthawi imeneyo panali anthu anzeru omwe anali kukhala cinchona m'minda. Koma chokwanira cha mbiri, timapita pa nkhani zambiri zothandiza.

Cinchona: ntchito

Waukulu ndi chamtengo wapatali kwambiri zopangira kwa kupanga mankhwala ndi khungwa ake. Lili 18% ya alkaloids, Pakati:

• quinidine;
• kwinini;
• cinchonidine;
• cinchonine ndi ena.

The alkaloid lalikulu ndi kwinini, cinchona makungwa lili mpaka 7.5% ya thunthu. Iwo ali zotsatira wapadera pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo - Plasmodium zimakhudza iwo, zili mu magazi a munthu amene akudwalayo. mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku makungwa a mtengo cinchona (kwambiri kothandiza - kwinini njira mchere jekeseni) zinasinthiratu kumenyana aakulu matenda - malungo.

madokotala UK anakakamizika asilikali amene anatumikira ku India ndi madera ena, mmene mumapezeka malungo kunali kofala, kumwa zimandilimbikitsa (Quinic madzi), amene adali, ngati mankhwala onse a mtengo cinchona, amazipanga owawa kukoma. Chotero asilikali anakana izi zosasangalatsa koma kofunika njira, iwo anati jini pang'ono. Choncho anabadwa, ndiyeno mizu ambiri mu West lero mwambo - pamaso chakudya kachasu ndi jini ndi zimandilimbikitsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Kwinini ndi onse chakumwa, kumene izo zifika bwino kuchita dongosolo m'mimba anthu ambiri (onse kuwawa mwachilengedwe, iwo bwino kudya matenda katulutsidwe m'mimba). Mu dziko lathu, ntchito pofuna kuchiza odwala malungo kwinini kupanga yachilendo, zilipo monga njira (wosabala) - dihydrochloride. Iwo chogulitsidwa vayozi a jekeseni.

Chachiwiri alkaloid - quinidine - anapezanso ntchito mankhwala. Izi ndi stereoisomer a kwinini, amene ali makungwa a nambala m'malo lalikulu. Mu dziko lathu amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ufa quinidine sulphate. Ndi bwino kuvomereza kuti arrhythmia, arrhythmia, tachycardia. Cinchona makungwa bwino chimbudzi, ali antipyretic, astringent, odana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kanthu. Anatumizidwa pakalibe kudya, kutopa, matenda m'mimba, uchidakwa, catarrh wa kapepalako chapamwamba kupuma, malungo, fuluwenza.

makungwa akunja ntchito pofuna kuchiza bedsores, zamafinya zinangoti mabala, ngati ali kutchulidwa cementing katundu.

contraindications:

• Munthu hypersensitivity kuti kwinini ndi quinidine;
• mimba.

Musamalandire mankhwala zochokera cinchona makungwa ndi anticoagulants monga kumawonjezera mmene m'thupi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka

Anatambasula quinone ntchito monga nthumwi antipyretic. Komanso, mwachangu anatchula matenda opatsirana (fuluwenza, mwachitsanzo). Kenako, tikambirana za maphikidwe mankhwala otchuka.

maphikidwe Traditional: cinchonic tiyi

Muyenera supuni ya tiyi ya zipangizo youma yaiwisi, amene ayenera kutsanulira 250 ml ya madzi otentha ndipo adzapatsa kwa mphindi khumi. Chiphunzitso ndiye zofunika kukhetsa. Tiyi ntchito 40 ml ya pa mphindi makumi atatu pamaso chakudya. njira imeneyi kuonjezera kudya, ndi normalizes dongosolo m'mimba.

Mu ochiritsa malungo amalangiza kutenga kwinini m'mawa (gawo limodzi - wina thumba la ufa) kwa masiku asanu. Ndiye muyenera masiku awiri kupanga yopuma, ndiyeno kulandira masiku awiri. Pambuyo pa ntchito njira zofunika kugona. Ichi ndi chofunika. Chithandizo kumatenga masiku khumi.

Pa chiyambi cha Kuchiritsa kwamtundu

Sitingathe kunena kuti, cinchona makungwa, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ambiri anapereka kutsogolera wamphamvu chitukuko cha Kuchiritsa kwamtundu. Pa chiyambi cha ntchito chomera dokotala Hahnemann (Germany) amanena kuti mankhwala, amwedwa yaing'ono, amachititsa zizindikiro za matenda, chimene Mlingo lalikulu anawachiritsa. Choncho mfundo zimene Kuchiritsa kwamtundu umenewu kumadalira - "ngati amachiritsa ngati".

kuchiritsa Tingafinye

Tingafinye wa mtengo cinchona - gwero chidali a kwinini. Nkhanizi ndi odziwika bwino. Imathamanga antiseptic, astringent ndi toning katundu wake. Kwinini ntchito mwakhama mankhwala a malungo ndi malungo m'mayiko otentha. Ntchito lalikulu zedi ku chifuwa zingachititse kunyansidwa ndi mutu.

Ntchito Kuchiritsa kwamtundu

Cinchona - chomera mankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito Kuchiritsa kwamtundu. Izo ntchito mu ndende otsika (D1 ndi D1) a okwana kufooka chifukwa cha matenda yaitali ndipo kwambiri, kuchepa katulutsidwe wa madzi muzituluka. Pa mlingo izi cinchona amachita ngati zimandilimbikitsa kwambiri. magawanidwe apamwamba (D4 - D6) ntchito neuralgia, mutu nthawi, akuphokosera chifuwa, ndi matenda, palpitations, matenda a m'mimba, vuto la mavuto ndi dongosolo biliary, gout.

zowonjezera mankhwala

Nutramedix kampani amagwiritsa luso lapadera kusintha kapangidwe ndi m'zigawo wa khungwa la mtengo cinchona. Izi zimathandiza popanga sipekitiramu wodzala ndi Tingafinye ndi bioactivity apamwamba.

ntchito Mfundo Zina

Isanafike ntchito, ndi mbale ayenera zidzagwedezeka bwino. Kuwonjezera Botolo anayi madzi madontho imodzi makumi atatu Tingafinye, dikirani miniti imodzi isanakwane kumwa. Kuyamba kulandira ndalama ayenera kukhala ndi dontho limodzi kawiri pa tsiku pamaso chakudya (mkati mphindi 30), mlingo ayenera chinawonjezeka ndi tsiku, kuchibweretsa icho mpaka madontho makumi atatu (kapena monga momwe dokotala).

The Tingafinye amapangidwa NUTRA MEDIX. Mtengo wa botolo (30 ml) - 2760 rubles.

Ntchito mu cosmetology

Ndipo cosmetology anapeza ntchito za mtengo umenewu zodabwitsa (cinchona). pamaziko a mankhwala ake makungwa ndi ntchito popanga zipangizo kumapangitsanso kukula ndi kapangidwe ka tsitsi. Nthawi zambiri ntchito zolinga zimenezi cinchonic Tingafinye. Iye protivoseboreynoe chuma, choncho bwino amalimbana dandruff. Iwo kutumikiridwa mu wothandizila achire ndi mankhwala ochapira tsitsi odana dandruff. mankhwala ochapira tsitsi amenewa zonse kagayidwe ndi kubwezeretsa tsitsi, kupanga izo chonyezimira ndi moyo. Tingafinye mowa ali ndi ubwino mayamwidwe zinthu michere yogwira maselo khungu, bwino kumapangitsa kukula tsitsi.

Conditioners ndi mankhwala ochapira tsitsi munali kwinini - gwero mphamvu ndi chingwe ofooka ndi kutopa. Zikutanthauza mokoma kwambiri kuwasamalira, amachotsa dandruff, umatipanga kuongola mosavuta. Monga chitsanzo, shampu ndi basamu Klorane, omwe amatuluka mu mbale mphamvu 100 ml ndi 200 (287 ndi mtengo 512 rubles).

Komanso, kwinini nthawi zambiri m'gulu zikuchokera zodzoladzola zosiyanasiyana sunscreen chifukwa fyuluta zachilengedwe amateteza khungu ku mavuto aakulu dzuwa.

Pomaliza, Ndikufuna kuti cinchona kwenikweni ali wamphamvu machiritso zotsatira, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi poizoni zachilengedwe, choncho si kugwilizana ndi malangizo, kudzikonda mankhwala koletsedwa. Chithandizo, mlingo ayenera mankhwala okha ndi dokotala nawo.