Conductive Nsalu: mbali structural

Pafupifupi onse zamoyo multicellular ndi lopangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minofu. Ndi mndandanda wa maselo, ofanana mu dongosolo ndi ntchito wamba. Nyama ndi zomera, iwo sali yemweyo.

A zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zinthu zamoyo

Mu malo oyamba nsalu onse angathe kugawidwa nyama ndi masamba. Iwo ali osiyana. Tiyeni tione iwo.

Kodi pangakhale minofu nyama?

Nyama ndi minofu ngati mitundu:

• wamanjenje;
• akulu;
• zaminyewa;
• kugwirizana.

Onse koma woyamba anawagawa mitundu. Minofu minofu ndi yosalala, striated ndi mtima. Zaminyewa ogaŵikana osakwatiwa-magawo, multilayered - malingana ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo, komanso kiyubiki, cylindrical ndi planar - malingana ndi mawonekedwe selo. Connective minofu chimagwirizanitsa mitundu monga CHIKWANGWANI lotayirira, CHIKWANGWANI olimba, reticular, magazi ndi lymph, mafuta, fupa ndi chichereŵechereŵe.

A zosiyanasiyana mbewu zimakhala

Bzalani zimakhala monga mitundu zotsatirazi:

• chochuluka;
• chophimba;
• nsalu conductive;
• mawotchi;
• maphunziro.

mitundu yonse ya mbewu zimakhala kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri. Choncho, waukulu nkhawa kuloŵerera awasungira, madzi mwankhanza ndi pneumatic. Kubisa nsalu mitundu ophatikizana monga makungwa, Nkhata Bay ndi khungu. Mwakudzisungira minofu ndi xylem ndi phloem. Buku lagawidwa collenchyma ndi sclerenchyma. Kuti monga mbali maphunziro, apical ndi intercalary.

nsalu zonse kuchita zinthu zina, ndi dongosolo lawo Chofanana mbali iwo kuchita. Nkhaniyi tidzakambirana nsalu zambiri conductive, mbali structural maselo ake. Komanso kambiranani za ntchito zake.

Conductive Nsalu: mbali structural

nsalu amenewa anawagawa mitundu iwiri: za phloem ndi xylem. Popeza kuti onse anapanga kuchokera meristem chomwecho, mu mbewu ili pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, dongosolo la zimakhala Kukonza mitundu iwiri amasiyana. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za mitundu iwiri ya zimakhala conductive.

Nchito nsalu conductive

udindo wawo waukulu - ndi mayendedwe a zinthu. Komabe, ntchito nsalu conductive, osati a mtundu womwewo amasiyana.

Udindo wa xylem - onyamula njira mankhwala muzu ku ziwalo zina zonse mbewu.

A ntchito phloem - kuchititsa madzi zosiyana - kuchokera ku ziwalo yeniyeni ya mbewu pamodzi tsinde pansi ku muzu.

Kodi xylem?

Iye ananenanso kuti mitengo ina. Nsalu conductive wa mtundu uwu tichipeza awiri zinthu zosiyana kuchititsa: tracheids ndi ziwiya. Komanso, ndi mbali makina - CHIKWANGWANI nkhuni, ndi zofunika - nkhuni parenchyma.

ndi kapangidwe ka maselo xylem chiyani?

Maselo nsalu conductive anawagawa mitundu iwiri: tracheids ndi ziwiya zigawo. Tracheids - ichi ndi khola yaitali kwambiri ndi makoma osasweka, imene pali pores kuti zoyendera zinthu.

The chachiwiri conductive mchitidwe maselo - chotengera - tichipeza maselo angapo, ndipo amatchedwa zigawo ziwiya. Maselo amenewa imakonzedwa pamwamba pa ena. Mphambano ya zigawo za chipangizo chomwecho ndi mwa mabowo. Iwo akutchedwa perforations. mabowo ndi zofunika kwa zoyendera zinthu kudzera ziwiya. Kupita njira zosiyanasiyana ziwiya ndi zambiri mofulumira kuposa tracheids.

Maselo anali onse mamembala conductive tafa ndipo mulibe protoplasts (protoplasts - maselo zili kupatula khoma selo, i.e. ndi maziko a khungu nembanemba ndi organelles). Protoplasts zinakambidwa, ngati mu khola zoyendera zinthu zingakhale zovuta.

Ndi ziwiya ndi tracheids njira akhoza kusamutsidwa osati vertically komanso horizontally - moyo maselo kapena oyandikana zinthu conductive.

Makoma a zinthu conductive ndi thickening, omwe akutipatsa khola mphamvu. Malinga mtundu wa deta thickenings zinthu conductive anawagawa mwauzimu, annelids, makwerero, thumba ndi dontho pore.

Lopangidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zofunika xylem ndi

ulusi Wood ali amatchedwanso librioformom. Izi kutalika elongated mu maselo amene unakhuthala makoma odrevesenevshimi. Iwo akuchita thandizo ntchito ya kupereka mphamvu xylem.

Zochitika za nsalu m'munsi mu xylem parenchyma anapereka matabwa. Awa ndi maselo ndi chipolopolo zake, amene amapereka pores yosavuta. Komabe, m'malo mwa maselo parenchyma wa kugwirizana kwa chotengera izo m'mphepete kupita, amene chikugwirizana ndi yosavuta wake nthawi zina. Wood parenchyma maselo, mosiyana, palibe zotengera zopanda kanthu maselo. Ali protoplasts. Xylem parenchyma imagwira ntchito kubwerera - mu zakudya ake kuwonjezera.

Kodi chimasiyanitsa xylem zomera zosiyanasiyana?

Popeza tracheids zinangokhalako adanyamuka kale kwambiri kuposa ziwiya, zinthu conductive alipo zomera m'munsi dziko. spore izi (Mumapezekanso, ndere, kalabu ndere, horsetails). gymnosperms ambiri amakhalanso tracheids yekha. Komabe, ena gymnosperms pali ziwiya (iwo alipo mu gnetalians). Komanso, nthaŵi zapadera, zinthu izi alipo, ndi ena Mumapezekanso ndi horsetails.

Koma angiosperms (maluwa) zomera zonse ndi tracheids ndi ziwiya.

Kodi phloem?

Nsalu conductive wa mtundu uwu amatchedwanso phloem.

Mbali yaikulu ya phloem wa - sieve zinthu conductive. Komanso panopa dongosolo bast zinthu mwamwambo (phloem ulusi) ndi zinthu za nsalu m'munsi (phloem parenchyma).

Features nsalu iyi mtundu conductive kwagona maselo sieve zinthu, monga kuyenera zinthu conductive xylem akhalebe ndi moyo.

Kapangidwe ka zinthu sieve

Pali mitundu iwiri ya iwo: sieve maselo machubu sieve. Woyamba anatambasula m'litali ndi ndafotokozera malekezero. Iwo atagonjetsa kudzera mabowo, amene pali zoyendera zinthu. Maselo sieve ali wosazindikira kuposa zinthu multicellular sieve. Iwo khalidwe la zomera monga n'ngopatsirana ndi gymnosperms.

Mu angiosperms zinthu conductive amene timapemphera machubu sieve, wopangidwa mwa kuchuluka kwa maselo - a zigawo za zinthu sieve. Maenje kudzera maselo zoyandikana kupanga mbale sieve.

Mosiyana ndi maselo sieve, anatchula mayunitsi structural wa zinthu multicellular conductive palibe pachimake, koma akali moyo. Yofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo la phloem wa angiosperms kuimba Klek-mnzake, nahodyatschiesya pafupi wina ndi gawo khungu la zinthu sieve. mnzake ndi onse organelles ndi phata. Mu pali kufotokoza zinthu.

Popeza kuti maselo phloem amoyo, minofu imeneyi conductive akhoza silingayende kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu zomera osatha pa moyo wake ndi atatu kapena anayi zaka, kenako maselo a minofu mtima kufa.

zinthu zina phloem ndi

maselo Komanso sieve kapena machubu, palinso mfundo za nsalu ndipo zinthu mwamwambo mu nsalu conductive. Yotsirizira awa akuimira bast (phloem) ulusi. Iwo kuchita thandizo ntchito. Osati zomera zonse ndi ulusi phloem.

Zochitika za nsalu ankaimira phloem parenchyma. Iye, komanso xylem parenchyma, amachita ntchito kubwerera. Ndi kuwonjezera zinthu monga tannins, resins ndi ena. Makamaka anayamba zinthu izi ndi gymnosperms phloem.

makungwa lamkati la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera

Zomera m'munsi monga Mumapezekanso ndi ndere, izo ukufanizidwa ndi maselo sieve. Makungwa chomwecho mkati ndi mmene ambiri gymnosperms lapansi.

zomera Angiosperm ndi zinthu multicellular conductive: sieve machubu.

Kapangidwe ka dongosolo kuchititsa maphunziro a zomera

Xylem ndi phloem zonse anakonza limodzi ndi mawonekedwe mitolo. Malinga ndi mmene mitundu nsalu ziwiri conductive imakonzedwa wachibale wina ndi mzake, pali mitundu ingapo ya milimo. Nthawi zambiri ina. Iwo anakonza mu njira yakuti phloem ndi mbali imodzi ya xylem lapansi.

Palinso matabwa concentric. Mu nsalu imodzi conductive wazungulira wina. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: tsentrofloemnye ndi tsentroksilemnye.

Nsalu conductive ali muzu zambiri matabwa zozungulira. Iwo xylem cheza atapatuka ku likulu, ndi phloem lili pakati pa xylem kunyezimira.

Ina mitolo zikusonyeza zambiri angiosperms ndi concentric - chifukwa spore ndi gymnosperms.

Kutsiliza: Kuyerekezera mitundu iwiri ya nsalu conductive

Pamene mapeto, ife azipereka tebulo lomwe chidule deta zofunika za mitundu iwiri zimakhala conductive zomera.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa za zimakhala Kukonza zomera: chomwe iwo ali, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimagwiridwa ndi mmene kumanga maselo awo.