"Cornflower" (82 mamilimita matope): makhalidwe, zithunzi

Mortars mu XX m'ma anakhala mtundu singasiyanitsidwe ndi zida oyenda. Malinga ndi ndodo, iwo ndizodzola, malingana likungosonyeza ndi cholinga chake ndi mayunitsi kampani, battalion, regimental ndi chigawo mlingo. Wapadera njira chiwonongeko moto anali "Centaurea" - matope angathe kuwombera bursts, ndipo ngati n'koyenera kugwira ntchito kale wapadera mfuti zida zankhondo.

ndi matope chiyani

M'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga za matope - choyimira cha chida chimene amagwiritsa mtsinje ndege amene anapanga pa poyatsira wa propelling mlandu. Mbiya ya chida ichi ndiyo malangizo ndi mathamangidwe koyamba projectile anacemerwa wanga ndi zikuimira nthenga munition. Lama fuyusi, kawirikawiri, kukhudzana ndi mbali zake kutsogolo. Kamangidwe ameneŵa matope zochotseka mbale m'munsi, ndi bipod, malangizo chipangizo ndi pati. Kachiwiri, m'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga za potsegula wapangidwa mwachindunji pamaso kuwombera pa. Mina anatumikira ku kuipanikiza a mbiya kapu oyenerera pa kumbuyo kwa projectile ndi uyatsa detonator, chifukwa mu kutsegula kwa propelling mlandu.

Komabe, mortars mu USSR ndi asilikali wotchedwa Katyushas. "Tulip 2S4" Kachitidwe ndi ngakhale chikhalidwe chake bwino howitzer, limabweretsa kalasi ya zida, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kudziletsa injini zida zankhondo.

Mu Soviet Union kuti Analeredwa ndi matope "cornflower" mu 1970. Photos la zida moto anthu oti mdani zikuoneka kucheza ndi mfuti. Komabe, maonekedwe ndi dongosolo la mthunzi akusonyeza kuti ndi anga. Zipolopolo alibe manja, ndi opera. Nanga kudalirana izi mfuti ndipo mortars? Ndipo chimene iwo uli? ndi ubwino wake chiyani?

Mortars ndi mfuti

Zifukwa mortars zili ponseponse, ochepa, ndipo iwo ali zonse zofunika. Mtundu wa chida amakhala ndi omasuka wachibale, kuphweka, akuwonetseredwa mu manufacturability, ndi kusamalila mkulu chidwi mphamvu kuphimba cholinga yochokera kumwamba, kuchokera kumwamba, ndiye malangizo a chitetezo osachepera. Pakuti kuwombera pa njira yodutsamo kulumikizidwa ntchito howitzer kapena matope. Cannon mu izi akulemera kwambiri, ndalama ndi zovuta ndi bajeti chitetezo mu wambirimbiri. Mfuti, ndithudi, ndi ubwino wake, ndi kusintha nthawi zosiyanasiyana, likungosonyeza ndi olondola, koma m'mikhalidwe ena anakumana nawo nkhondo zambiri, ubwino ndi kuchepetsa. Mzere wa pakati pa njira ziwiri wamba chiwonongeko likungosonyeza pafupifupi mwathunthu erases matope "Cornflower", chithunzi chimene umanena pa "ubwenzi" wake ndi mfuti. Malinga ndi malo a mbiya, izo zimakhala ngati mtondo, howitzer ndi mfuti mwachizolowezi, kuwombera odyetserako. Ngati ichi ife kuwonjezera chidwi katundu wa mtengo mkulu wa moto, chida wapadera zimaonekera.

Mbiri ya "Cornflower"

Ganizo kupanga mofulumira-matope unachokera mu positi-nkhondo Soviet Union. Mu 1946, mlengi VK Filippov adafotokoza ntchito rollback mphamvu kudzutsa mphamvu mfuti, amene wapatsidwa breech. Palokha, njira si chatsopano, koma mfundo zofunika kuti anali ntchito poyerekezera ndi matope, m'malo mofulumira mfuti. Filippova ntchito bwino, mu 1955 QAM mankhwala anapangidwa ndi Soviet Army. Iwo anafuna kuti ntchito zinthu n'kupuma (casemates ndi cholimba malinga) ndipo anali mofulumira-moto basi matope. Patapita zaka zinayi, ndinali wokonzeka ndi kuyesedwa munda buku la Kama analandira dzina la F 82. Zifukwa bwinobwino, Masiku anonso kupanga athamangadi sanali. Mu 1967, pambuyo ena zosintha, iye anali atavomereza ntchito boma. Malinga ndi mwambo unakhazikitsidwa zida zankhondo, analandira duwa wosakhwima amatchedwa "Cornflower". 82 mamilimita basi matope akhoza moto ndi mlingo wa 100 rds. / Min. ndi mlingo wa moto wa zipolopolo 170. Kusiyana Chiwerengerochi awiri ndi chifukwa nthawi yoti recharge makaseti.

Kusinthidwa wa "M"

zaka zingapo utumiki asilikali analola akatswiri kuti tisamuganizire kuti madzi yozizira mbiya akhoza kuchotsedwa. Chachikulu chivundikiro kuteteza ku kutenthedwa pa mlingo mkulu yowotcha, pochotsa, kuchuluka khoma makulidwe a m'dera lapakati, kupereka nthiti pamwamba kuti kusintha zinthu kutentha kutengerapo ndi kukwaniritsa udindo wa mpweya yozizira Redieta. M'mbali zina zonse izo zinali chimodzimodzi "Cornflower". mtondo unkatchedwa 2B9M (kusinthidwa), zikuoneka n'zosavuta kusiyanitsa ku Baibulo wakale mbiya ribbed. Monga mchitidwe zina mwa njira analungamitsidwa, makamaka zinthu chipululu, imene asilikali mukuvutika kuchepa kwa madzi.

Kodi "Cornflower"

Mtondo mu Baibulo tingachipeze powerenga akudwala kapangidwe chofooka chachikulu. ndi angadzachite mphamvu amachititsa kusamutsidwa a dongosolo lonse chifukwa nthaka mapindikidwe ndi zotsatira makina pa thunthu. Pambuyo wina kuwombera, mawerengedwe ali kusintha magawo ndi kukumana cholinga kachiwiri. The chipangizo matope "Cornflower" amalola zothandiza angadzachite mphamvu kupereka chipolopolo atsopano mu mbiya. Hayidiroliki absorbers mantha anaika padziko thunthu kutumikira kuyamwa muyeso wake. Chifukwa, lolondola zotsatira akadali mkulu mu moto kasamalidwe ima pamzere. goli ali ndi migodi anayi.

ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana

Mmodzi mwa ubwino "Cornflower" ndi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Kuyambira inu mukhoza kuwombera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

2B9 angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matope wamba, zimene zinachitikira timachitira potsegula ku kuipanikiza. Komabe, waukulu kusiyana mfuti ndi mphamvu yake kuwombera mfuti ngati osachepera zachilendo ndipo ngakhale zoipa (mpaka 1 °) ngodya ya okwera. Pakuti kuwombera mu "matope" mode, mitundu itatu ya milandu, ndi mabomba ochita zipolopolo yovomerezeka njira akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali modes awiri: zodziwikiratu ndi umodzi.

zida

3V01 kugawikana zipolopolo kuwombera ndi wokhazikika, limene lakonzedwa kuti 120 mm matope "Cornflower". Zimenezi shrapnel, koma Kuwonjezera amaphatikizapo zina milandu, kuphatikizapo chokhala cholinga kuwononga magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Kapangidwe zikuphatikizapo mlandu ena kuposa mabomba Shestiperov O-832DU, waukulu chopopera mlandu F-832DU. Pamene mathamangidwe koyamba 272 m / S limatipatsa osiyanasiyana zotupa kuchokera 800 mpaka 4270 m. Misa chopopera yolimbanirana ndi magalamu 3100, mapale anapanga pa yopuma sikisi, aliyense masekeli kuposa galamu a. The utali wozungulira kugonjetsedwa mosalekeza - mamita 18.

Kupatula waukulu woyang'anira chopopera anafuna kuti tipereke koyamba mathamangidwe wanga ndi zopezeka mchira gawo lake, ndiponso ntchito. kusankha kuvomereza ntchito zawo kuti kuwerengetsa mkulu, kudziwa cholinga cha ndilo moto matope "Cornflower". Kuwombera osiyanasiyana zimadalira kusankha chopopera zina. Iwo yaitali nsalu cheholchiki munali zachiwawa kuphimba annularly mchira gawo la projectile pamaso ndi stabilizer ananamizira ndi ochiritsira fastener buttonhole. makulidwe awo anatsimikiza ndi nambala - 1 mpaka 3.

sayenda Aids

82mm matope "Cornflower" akulemera makilogalamu 622, kotero kunyamula makina apadera ntchito. Mwaichi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndinazolowera GAZ-66, anatchulidwa 2F54. Mfuti ndi pa ulendo mu thupi, mu milandu wapadera (kusintha mwamsanga malo kapena zochitika zina mwadzidzidzi-isanayambike) chovomelezeka towing. Yowerengera tichipeza anayi (mtsogoleri, gunner, Komatsu ndi dalaivala odikira).

ziwembu Wopambana mobwerezabwereza analimbikitsa akatswiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amafuna kuti alenge makina kudziletsa injini matope. "Cornflower" anaika pa inamva galimotoyo MT-LB ku Soviet Union ndi Hungary, monga ena amisiri ku Middle East , ndipo lero yakwera amphamvu American asilikali Jeep "Hammer".

Kodi kuwombera ndi "Cornflower"

Zonse ophimba kosavuta monga n'zotheka ofanana ndi mfuti wamba, mu kapangidwe m'gulu thireyi ndi chimango. Kumasulira mu chikhalidwe kumenyana kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mawilo kukwezedwa pa nthaka akhale thandizo ndi Jack kuima ndi openers ukwati. Makinawa matope "Cornflower" akhoza adzaukitsidwa kapena adatchithisira, malinga ndi zikhalidwe za mfuti. Kutalika pazipita kukwezedwa kwa mbiya pamalo m'munsi ndi 78 °, 85 ° mu chapamwamba. Pamene kuwombera kulumikizidwa ndi otsetsereka kwambiri kuposa 40 °, pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka zimagwirira ku zotsatira pansi, pansi pa PAD mbuyo chofunika kukumba recess. Low okwera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya ntchito aiming mbiya pa mipherezero oti muli nazo zida. Mmalo awa, 82 mm matope "Cornflower" ntchito monga wofatsa mfuti odana ndi thanki ndi osiyanasiyana zazing'ono, koma zamphamvu kwambiri.

pamaso panolamiki amaperekedwa kwa moto mwachindunji, amene Pankhaniyi kusintha Optics mwadzina (Pam-1). Monga mbali ya zida malangizo ndi chipangizo kuyatsa "Ray-PM2M", anaikira kuwombera pa usiku.

nkhondowo ntchito

The yoyamba nkhondowo mayeso nkhondo Afghanstan anakhala 2B9. Features ntchito anatenga m'madera phiri, kuti mumalozana lingathe patsogolo pathu zida chathunthu. amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira chake ndi mphamvu kugunda mipherezero chobisika, pamodzi ndi zoyendayenda, ndi kum'patsa ulemu, omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu "Cornflower" asilikali. Mtondo zambiri kusintha kwa mopepuka oti muli nazo zida onyamula MT-LB, wakupatsani mwamsanga kusiya malo pambuyo angapo ankasinthana, popanda kuyembekezera moto kubwerera. Ndiye anatulukira ena zolakwika kamangidwe. Makamaka, tepi yanga osati zimamubweretsera pa malo okhazikika, ndipo dosylka chofunika nkhonya waukulu ndi nyundo, amene anali nthawi zonse pa dzanja Komatsu.

Ambiri, ndi matope yokha anasonyeza kuti chinthu chabwino. Anagwiritsa ntchito ku nkhondo zida kuti chikanachitika m'dera la Soviet Union, makamaka nkhondo ziwiri Chechen.

makhalidwe a

Pa nthawi ino si chinsinsi cha zokhudza mmene matope "Cornflower". Features anataya chitetezo gulu lake chifukwa cha kufala lonse zida padziko lonse.

Zimagwirira ali wosalira mmene ndingathere ndi malangizo anamanga pa misonkhano wononga. Buku kasinthasintha wa makolala anagwira malangizo yopingasa mkati 60 ° kuchokera ofukula ndi -1 ° kwa 85 ° (pamene anakweza kwathunthu Jack). The pazipita utali wozungulira nkhondowo chotupa ndi 4.7 Km. Njovu yosalala kasinthasintha migodi kupereka zolembera asanu mchira gawo amene kopendekera wachibale olamulira kotenga. makaseti lakonzedwa pa milandu anayi. Ndodo zipolopolo limapangidwa Mph 226. Total kulemera kwa galimoto zida ndi matani oposa asanu. Kupita pamodzi khwalala pa liwiro la 60 Km / h pa mtunda akhakula - 20 km / h. Mu yowotcha malo a dongosolo ili ponseponse kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu.

Lina "Cornflowers"

mfuti kapangidwe ndi yosavuta, choyambirira ndi sayansi. Mu dziko alibe analogues, ngakhale opangidwa zitsanzo izi tsopano Republic. Utatha la Soviet Union, China amamuonera chiphaso kupanga "mfuti mtundu 99" - kotero mu China otchedwa "Cornflower". Mtondo anamasulidwa zedi yaikulu, ndipo tsopano nachimva m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko zili nkhondo lawi.

Information about ngati "Cornflowers" MUKACHULUKIDWE Russian Army, panopa sichikupezeka. Ambiri mwina, iwo anachotsa zambiri zitsanzo wangwiro.