Leonid Panteleev: biography, chithunzi. Kodi Panteleev analemba chiyani za Leonid?

Leonid Panteleev (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) ndi pseudonym, kwenikweni wolembayo amatchedwa Alexei Eremeev. Iye anabadwa mu August 1908 ku St. Petersburg. Bambo ake anali msilikali wa Cossack, msilikali wa nkhondo ya Russo-Yapanishi, amene adalandira ulemu chifukwa cha zochitika zake. Amayi a Alexei ndi mwana wamkazi wamalonda, koma mu gulu loyambalo bambo ake anasiya anthu akulima.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Alyosha adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku kuyambira ali mwana, banja linamunyoza, kumutcha "kabuku." Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, iye anayamba kudzilemba yekha. Masewero a mwana wake - masewera, ndakatulo, nkhani zamakono - anamvetsera kwa amayi ake okha. Ndi bambo ake uko sikukanakhoza kukhala pa ubwenzi wa uzimu - anali munthu wamagulu ndi wamphamvu.

Little Alexei ankakonda kumutcha "inu", inde, ndipo kulemekeza uku kumakhala kwamuyaya. Chithunzi cha bambo ake, wolemba Leonid Panteleev, chinali chosungidwa nthawi zonse ndikumukumbutsa moyo ndi chikondi ndi kunyada. Chifanizo ichi sichinali kuwala, kani, mtundu wa siliva wakuda, ngati chida chakale - chithunzi chabwino kwambiri.

Koma mayiyo ndi mphunzitsi mu chikhulupiriro, mzanga wokoma mtima komanso wowona mtima kwa ana ake. Mu 1916, Alesha atatumizidwa kuti akaphunzire ku sukulu yeniyeni, amayi anga adadziwa zonse zomwe amaphunzira, mayeso, maubwenzi ndi aphunzitsi ndi anzake a m'sukulu, komanso muzinthu zothandizira mwana wake. Iye sanamalize sukulu, iye analibe nthawi.

Kuthamanga

Mu 1919, abambo a mnyamatayo anamangidwa, kwa nthawi ndithu adasungidwa m'chipinda cha ndende, kenako adaphedwa. Alexandra Vasilyevna, ngati mayi weniweni, adaganiza kuti athaŵe ozizira ndi Petersburg wanjala kuti apulumutse miyoyo ya ana. Choyamba, amasiye amakhazikika ku Yaroslavl, ndiye - tawuni ya Menzelinsk ku Tatarstan.

Panthawi izi, Leonid Panteleev yemwe anali mlembi ankafuna kuthandiza achibale ake, kufunafuna ntchito, nthawi zina anapeza, anakumana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo ena mwa iwo adapezeka kuti ali ndi chigawenga. Munthu wamng'ono ndi wodalirika mwamsanga anagwa pansi pa chikoka choipa ndipo adaphunzira kuba. Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwakukulu kumene, mwachiwonekere, adatengera kwa abambo ake, abwenzi atsopano anamutcha dzina lake lodziwika kuti wakuba wamba wa Petersburg - Lanka Panteleev. Kuchokera apa ndipo kenako anawonekera mlembi wa wolembayo.

Sukulu ya Dostoevsky

Popeza kuti "ntchito" yatsopano ya Alexei nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi apolisi ndi oyang'anira chitetezo, mnyamatayo anayesa kuiwala dzina lake ndi dzina lake. Ndi bwino kuti dzina la msilikaliyo likhale lapamwamba kuposa wapolisi wa Cossack. Makamaka mamma ochokera kwa anthu a mtundu wa Arkhangelsk, omenyedwa ndi amalonda. Ankadziwika ndi dzina latsopano mwamsanga ndipo ngakhale atadziwa anthu wamba, kutali ndi abwenzi ake akuba, dzina lake lenileni linalibe chinsinsi. Ndipo iye anachita chinthu choyenera, ngati kuti iye anawoneratu izo, bola ngati chingwe chinapotozedwa ^ Zoona, iye anagwidwa.

Kutangotha kumene kwa Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, boma la dzikoli linagwirizana ndi vuto la ana a m'misewu. Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky anali kuyang'anira zotsatira zake . Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu mwana wopanda pokhala sanapezeke, ndipo mu 1919 iwo anali kuthamanga m'misewu m'magulu. Ndi momwe Panteleev Leonid: nkhani ya kumapeto kwa 1921 inadzaza ndi kuyesedwa kovuta kwa kuba. Anagwidwa ndikutumizidwa ku ntchito yapadera, yomwe idakambirana ndi ana osakhala pokhala a Petrograd. Kuchokera kumeneko anatumizidwa ku Sukulu ya Dostoevsky, wotchuka kwambiri "Shkid".

Republic Little

Dipatimenti yophunzitsa yopambanayi ikhoza kuyerekezedwa ndi pre-revolutionary bursa, ndi Pushkin lyceum. Ana osowa pokhala anapita kusukulu, akuphunzira nkhani mozama komanso mwachimwemwe, analemba ndakatulo, anaika masewera, ankaphunzitsa zinenero zakunja, anafalitsa nyuzipepala ndi magazini awo.

Panteleev Leonid, amene mbiri yake inayamba kulembedwa apa, analandira zonse zofunika kuti abwerere ku moyo wamba, popanda malo ogona, popanda kuba, njala ndi kuthawa kwa apolisi.

Apa mnyamatayo anakhala ndi moyo zaka ziwiri, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti akhale ndi moyo. Analipo mabwenzi, omwe kale anali opanda mtambo, anasiyidwa ndi Alexei Eremeev kosatha. Kotero, chilango chinamubweretsa iye ndi wophunzira yemweyo wa sukulu - Grigory Belykh. Ndi iye yemwe adzakhala mlembi wothandizira buku loyamba ndi lodziwika bwino la ana osabereka - "Republic of ShKID". White nayenso anamwalira atate ake oyambirira, amayi ake analandira pittance ndalama, koma nthawi zonse anali wotanganidwa, chifukwa ntchito ndi yaitali komanso wolemera kwambiri. Mwanayo adasankha kumuthandiza: adasiya sukulu ndikupita kumakomo. Kumalo omwewo, pa siteshoni, nayenso anagwa pansi pa chikoka cha umunthu wakuda ndipo anayamba kuba.

Othandizira

Anyamatawo anapanga mabwenzi ndipo anaganiza zokhala magulu a mafilimu pamodzi. Kuti akwaniritse cholinga chimenechi anasiya "Shkidu" ndikupita ku Kharkov. Ataphunzira pang'ono pa ojambula mafilimu, mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti sanali ochita masewero. Kusiya ntchitoyi, adayendayenda kwa kanthawi, sanabwerere ku Shkid - mwina anali ndi manyazi. Komabe, achinyamata awo ankakonda sukuluyi mosadzikonda, anadandaula kwambiri moti anaganiza zolemba bukuli.

Kumapeto kwa 1925 iwo adabwerera ku Leningrad, ndipo adakhazikika ku nyumba ya Gregory kuwonjezera pa Izmaylovsky Prospekt - chipinda chochepetsetsa, motalika, kutha ndi zenera pa bwalo, ndipo mmenemo - mabedi awiri ndi tebulo. Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe mukusowa kwa annals? Tinagula fodya, mapira, shuga ndi tiyi. Zinali zotheka kupita kumalonda.

Kupanga ndondomeko

Zinali zofunikira - kuchokera pa zomwe zinakumbukiridwa - magawo makumi atatu ndi awiri ndi mbiri yake. Aliyense wa iwo anali kulemba mitu khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi. Alexei adalowa mu Shkid kenako Grigory Belykh, choncho adalemba theka lachiwiri la bukulo, ndipo nthawi zonse adapereka mowolowa manja ndi mowolowa manja zonse zopatsa chidwi kwa olemba omwe, m'gawo loyambirira la bukulo, adatha chidwi ndi owerenga kwambiri moti amawerenga bukuli mpaka kumapeto.

Ndipo ndithudi, pachigawo choyamba kuti mikangano yonse inayamba, kumene njira za kuphulika zinayikidwa, palinso zowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zinali chizindikiro cha Shkid.

Kusindikiza

Analemba mosangalala, mwamsanga, mokondwera. Komabe, iwo sanaganize kuti zolembedwazo zikanati zidzachitike kenako: zinali kuti? Ndipo iwo sanalota ngakhale kupambana kulikonse. Palibe wolemba kapena wofalitsa anyamata, mu Leningrad sankadziwa. Anthu okhawo omwe adawawona kawiri pa Shkid nthawi zam'mbuyomu, adagwirizana ndi Lilina, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya Narobraz.

Mukhoza kuganiza kuti nkhope ya mayi wosauka, pamene ana awiri okalamba omwe adasokonezeka ndi moyo wa ana amasiye, adamubweretsera mabukhu akuluakulu osatsutsika. Komabe, adawerenga. Ndipo osati kokha. Olemba a Co-cosa anali ndi mwayi mwachangu. Iye, atatha kuwerenga, anapereka foda yowopsya, yofiira kwa akatswiri enieni - ku Leningrad State Publishing House, kumene bukuli linawerengedwa ndi Samuel Marshak, Boris Zhitkov ndi Eugene Schwartz.

Momwe alembi anabisala kutchuka

"Ozimitsa moto akuyang'ana, apolisi akuyang'ana ...". Inde, ndithudi, iwo anafufuzidwa mwezi wonse ndi onse, chifukwa bukhu linayambira kotero ... Chabwino, mwa mawu, bukhulo linatuluka! Iwo sanachoke maadiresi aliwonse kwa wina aliyense. Palibe china koma cholembedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, amakangana, kusiya ofesi. White anafuula kuti lingaliro lonse ndi dongosolo la zolembazo linali lopanda pake, chabwino, iwo analemba ndi kulemba kuti sakanati adzinyozetse yekha kenanso ndikubwera kuno kuti zotsatira zikanakhala manyazi. Kenaka adapanga ndipo adaganiza kuti asapite kwina kulikonse. Ochita nawo sanagwire ntchito, ndipo ngakhale olemba, zikuwonekeranso. Pano pali stevedores - inde, zabwino kwambiri zachitika.

Wolemba Leonid Panteleyev, komabe, sakanatha. Iyo inali nthawi yolemetsa ndi yachilendo, ngati kuti panalibe podziika nokha. Ngakhale sindikuyembekeza kukhala ndi chirichonse chomwe ndikuyembekeza, koma imayamwa ndikuyamwitsa mu supuni, ndikufuna kudziwa chirichonse, ndi chiyani chomwe chili ndi bukhu lawo? Ndipo Alexei, mwachinyengo wochokera kwa bwenzi lolimba ndi lolimba, adaganizabe kukachezera Comrade Lilina ku Narobraz.

Momwemo olemekezeka adapezekanso

Ataona Alexei m'mphepete mwa Narobraz, mlembiyo adafuula kuti: "Iye! Iye wabwera !!!". Ndiyeno kwa ola limodzi, mzanga Lilina anamuuza momwe buku lawo linalembedwera bwino. Iye sanawerenge izo, koma chirichonse ku Narobraz, mpaka kwa oyeretsa, ndi ogwira ntchito onse osindikizira. Munthu akhoza kulingalira zomwe Leonid Panteleyev anamverera panthawiyo! Pa zomwe ndinalemba ngakhale patatha zaka zambiri, sindinapeze mawuwo. Ndipo mawu oterowo samachitika kuti afotokoze zomwe anamva panthawi imeneyo.

Samuel Yakovlevich Marshak mwatsatanetsatane anakumbukira ulendo woyamba wa olemba anzawo ku ofesi ya ofesi. Iwo anali chifukwa china chokhumudwitsa ndipo sanalankhule zambiri. Zosinthidwazo nthawi zambiri zimakana. Koma, ndithudi, tinali okondwa ndi kusintha kumeneku. Posakhalitsa kutuluka kwa bukhu kuchokera ku makanema, ndemanga zinayamba. "Republic of ShKID" amawerenga boze, iwo ankazitenga ngati mikate yopsereza! Aliyense anali kudzifunsa kuti ndani awa Grigory Belykh ndi Leonid Panteleev anali, biography kwa ana anali ofunika kwambiri.

Zinsinsi za kupambana

"Bukuli linalembedwa mosavuta komanso mosangalala, popanda kusinkhasinkha, chifukwa sitinalemba chilichonse, koma tinakumbukira ndipo tinangolemba, osati nthawi yochuluka yomwe tapita kuchoka pamakoma a sukulu," adatero olembawo. Zinatenga miyezi iwiri ndi theka kuti amalize ntchitoyi.

Alexey Maximovich Gorky awerenga "Republic of ShKID" ndi chidwi chachikulu, adawuza za anzake onse. "Werengani kwenikweni!" - adatero. VN Soroka-Rosinsky, mtsogoleri wa sukuluyo, amatchedwa mphunzitsi wa Gorky wa mtundu watsopano, chiwonetsero chachikulu komanso champhamvu. Gorky ngakhale adalembera Makarenko kalata yokhudza Viknicksor, poganiza kuti mkulu wa Shkidy anali wokhumba kwambiri komanso msilikali ngati Mphunzitsi wamkulu Makarenko.

Komabe, Anton Semenovich sanafune bukuli. Anawona kumeneko kulephera kwachipembedzo, ndipo bukhulo silinkafuna kuti lizindikire ngati luso labwino, zinkawoneka kuti ndi zoona.

Pambuyo pa Ulemerero

Olemba awiriwa sanapite nawo nthawi: zolemba, nkhani. "Maola", "Karlushkin Focus" ndi "Portrait" anali opambana kwambiri. Izi zimatsiriza ntchito yogwirizana, yomwe inagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi Grigory Belykh ndi Leonid Panteleyev. Mbiri yachidule ya midzi yawo inatha.

Alexei adalemba mabuku ambiri kwa ana, omwe ayenera kuwona nkhani yabwino kwambiri "Mawu Owona Mtima", omwe anakhala buku, ndi nkhani yakuti "Phukusi", lomwe, mwachidziŵitso, wolemba mwiniyo sadakhutidwe: adaganiza kuti sanayambe kukumbukira nkhani yake Bambo. Komabe, nkhaniyi inasankhidwa kawiri.

Wolemba-Co

Grigory Belykh mu 1936 anagwidwa mosamalitsa, chidzudzulo chinalembedwa ndi mwamuna wa mlongo wake, atalemba bukhu la ndakatulo. Nkhani ya nyumbayi ndi yomwe imakuimba mlandu. White analandira zaka zitatu m'ndende, ndipo kunyumba anali ndi mkazi wamng'ono komanso mwana wamkazi. Leonid Panteleev ngakhale telegraphed kwa Stalin, iye anathamanga kuzungulira onse akuluakulu, koma pachabe. Icho chinangokhala kuti chimasamalire kundende ndikulembera makalata kwa mnzanu.

Gregory anatsutsa Alexei kuti asapitirizebe pangozi. Iye sanatchule chifukwa, koma izo zinali. Madokotala a ndende amapezeka ku White TB. Analibe ngakhale zaka makumi atatu pamene mwana wina wosakhala pokhala, wakuba, ndi pambuyo pake wolemba mabuku wabwino anafa m'chipatala cha ndende. Leonid Panteleyev pambuyo pa zaka zambiri anakana kubwezeretsa "Republic of ShKID." White anazindikiridwa ngati mdani wa anthu, ndipo kuchotsa dzina la bwenzi kuchokera pachivundikiro chinali chinthu chosatheka. Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi kunali kofunikira ...