Nina Berberova: yonena ntchito

Nina Berberova - mkazi, sipangakhalenso anaitana mmodzi mwa oimira yowala kwambiri emigration Russian. Iye ankakhala mu nthawi yovuta m'mbiri ya dziko lathu, amene akuyesera kuti zomveka za olemba ambiri ndi ndakatulo. Ine sindikufuna kukhala padera ndi Nina Berberova. zopereka zake pa kuphunzira emigration Russian ndi yofunika kwambiri. Koma zinthu oyamba.

Origin, zaka za maphunziro

Berberova Nina Nikolaevna (zaka za moyo - 1901-1993) - ndakatulo, wolemba, zolembalemba, wotsutsa. Iye anabadwa mu St. Petersburg July 26, 1901. Berberova linali banja mwachilungamo olemera: mayi ake anali Tver Mwenechiroache mundu, ndipo bambo wake ankagwira ntchito ku Unduna wa Zachuma. Nina anaphunzira woyamba pa University of Archaeology. Kenako maphunziro University of Don ku Rostov pa-Don. Apa, kuyambira mu 1919 mpaka 1920. Nina anaphunzira mbiri-philological luso.

Ndime yoyamba, ankadziwa Khodasevich, emigration

Mu 1921 mu Petrograd Nina Berberova analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba. Komabe, imodzi yokha linasindikizidwa pa mndandanda "ushkuynikov" 1922. Chifukwa cha ntchito yoyamba Analeredwa mabwalo ndakatulo ya Petrograd. Choncho panali womdziwa ake ndi andakatulo ambiri, kuphatikizapo Khodasevich, umene posachedwapa anakhala mkazi wake Nina. Pamodzi ndi Iye, namuka mu 1922. Asanathetse kalekale ku Paris, Berberova banja loyamba anakhala mu Berlin ndi Italy mu Gorky, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku Prague.

Choncho, kuyambira 1922, Nina anali mu emigration. Kumeneku n'kumene iye anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ake oona mu mabuku. ndakatulo Berberova zinasindikizidwa mu lofalitsidwa ndi M. Gorky ndi V. F. Hodasevichem magazini "Kucheza".

Nkhani ndi mabuku Berberova

Nina Berberova anali wantchito wa nyuzipepala "Latest News" ndi gawo lochititsa ake nthawi zonse. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1928 mpaka 1940. iye lofalitsidwa mu mndandanda wake wa nkhani "Biyankurskie gingerbread". Iwo ironist-wophiphiritsa, m'nyimbo ndi zoseketsa ntchito pa moyo wa kwawo Russian mu Billancourt. Pankhaniyi, yotsirizira ndi antchito a mbewu "Renault" oledzera, opemphetsa, declassed eccentrics oimba msewu. Mu dongosolo, pali mphamvu ya oyambirira Chekhov ndi Zoshchenko. Komabe, iwo anali ambiri ndipo lake.

Mpaka kutsekedwa kwa nyuzipepala "Latest News" mu 1940, anaonekera mabuku awa Berberova: 1930 - "Last ndi Choyamba", mu 1932 - "The Lady", mu 1938 - "Popanda kumadzulo." Iwo anazindikira mbiri wolemba prose, Nina Nikolayevna.

"Kuthandiza kuti"

Otsutsa lozani moyandikana wa prose Berberova mabuku French, komanso kuyesa kwambiri Nina Nikolayevna kulenga epic kumatula "fano emigrant dziko". Dziko lina, malo ochezera a "mobisa" (mabusa) tathanthauzira phokoso la "atsogolere nawo." Nkhani nkhani lofalitsidwa mu 1930s ndi. Ndipo mu 1948 magazini osiyana lofalitsidwa buku la dzina chomwecho. Mu dongosolo anabadwa mutu wa kusowa pokhala n'kofunika kuti zilandiridwenso Berberova ambiri. Pamene ichi anazindikira Nina Nikolayevna alibe pokhala osati monga tsoka koma ngati munthu wa 20th Century cholowa ufulu kudzipereka kwawo "chisa", umene unasiya kukhala chizindikiro cha "chitetezo moyo", "chithumwa" ndi "chitetezo".

"Last ndi Choyamba"

Mu "woyamba ndi wotsiriza" Koma wakhala anafotokozedwa ndi pofuna kumanga "kotero zitsulo." Akuletsa ndekha kwathu, buku anayesa kulenga chinachake monga alimi m'mphawi, zomwe osati pogona, koma amayenera kubwerera kudzimva Pawokha chikhalidwe cha anthu ake. Onani kuti pamaso Berberova pafupifupi munthu wina anafotokoza moyo zopeka ndi zochitika, ziyembekezo ndi maloto a kumayiko wamba Russian. Kenako, nkhani ya kumanga wamba dera sanali anayamba ntchito Berberova. Komabe, anakhalabe n'zogwirizana kwambiri mbiri yake. Nina anakhalako ntchito pa famu yaing'ono, kumene ntchito wamba ntchito.

"Lady" ndi "Popanda likamalowa ndi"

"Lady" - buku lachiwiri ndi Nina Nikolayevna. Inasindikizidwa mu 1932. ntchito amatanthauza mfundo obwera moyo achinyamata zokhudza m'badwo wachitatu. Mu 1938, panali buku lachitatu - "Popanda kumadzulo." Owerenga ndi zilembo mmenemo kunayambitsa funso lakuti kodi ndi momwe tingakhalire obwera wamkazi ku Russia. Yankho lomveka ndi: yekha mwagwirizana chikondi ungabweretse chimwemwe. Otsutsa amanena kuti nkhanizi imakhudzana chongopeka ndi mzake, zothandiza lakuthwa, kusangalala ndi zina osonyeza nezhenskoy atcheru kwa anthu ndi zinthu. Buku lili zosiyanasiyana mizere m'nyimbo, masamba chowala, maganizo yaikulu komanso chozama.

Kusamukira ku United States, "Cape ya Mavuto"

Kenako mu 1950, anasamukira ku United States Nina Berberova. Wambiri mwa iye zaka amalembedwa mwa kuphunzitsa pa Princeton University chinenero Russian, ndiyeno mabuku Russian. Komabe, mndandanda wa zinthu olemba 'Nina Nikolaevna wofanana. Mu 1950 anapita buku "Cape a Mphepo Yamkuntho". Imakamba awiri mibadwo ya emigration. Kwa achinyamata "konsekonse" n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa "nzika" ndi Achikulire ( "anthu a m'nthawi otsiriza") simungathe kulingalira moyo kunja miyambo Russian. Imfa ya dziko kumabweretsa imfa ya Mulungu. Komabe, matsoka wauzimu ndi chidziko, amene akukumana, conceptualized monga kumasulidwa ku nsinga za nyumba za makolo, amene anali kuti dziko anakomoka ndi zisinthe.

Awiri mabuku Oimba

Nina Berberova mabuku analemba lofalitsidwa nkhondo isanayambe. Ntchito izi ndi zopelekedwa ndi khalidwe mbiri. Mu 1936 anaonekera "Tchaikovsky, mbiri kopanda moyo," ndipo mu 1938 - "Borodin". Iwo akhala ayesedwa pamene chodabwitsa ndi zolembalemba khalidwe latsopano. Awa anali otchedwa mabuku a nthano kapena ayi, malinga Khodasevich, mbiri, anawona mwakuya, omwe amamatira mosamala mfundo, koma kuphimba ndi ufulu wake watsiku ndi novelists.

"Iron Woman"

Nina Berberova monga wotsutsa ndi wolungama n'kopanda pake polemba chinenero ichi, makamaka kufunika m'nthawi ya chidwi mapeto odabwitsa komanso umunthu. Nina Nikolayevna kupambana wapamwamba umenewu kunayamba mu 1981 buku la "Iron Woman". Izi yonena za Baroness M. Budberg. moyo wake umakhudza ndi Gorky poyamba, ndiyeno - ndi G. Wells.

Berberova, akupereka zinali wobadwa mwa "zokongoletsa" ndi zopeka, wakhala anatha kulenga omveka chithunzi adventuress. M. Budberg a mtundu wa anthu amene amakhulupirira Berberova, momveka bwino kuti akufotokoza mbali lililonse kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Nthawi opanda chifundo zinali mkazi yapadera. Iye sanali satchula nyengo, anakakamizika kuyiwala za malangizo abwino ndi moyo chabe kuti apulumuke. Nthano anamanga makalata, zikalata, nkhani zimenezi zikuchitika, komanso kukumbukira zosimba la wolemba ndi heroine ndi mawunikidwe pa kalekale, chimakwirira pafupifupi theka la zana. Iye mapeto ulendo kufotokoza kuti Budberg anapanga mu 1960, pamene iye anapita ku manyazi B. Pasternak mu Moscow.

"Inde wanga"

Mu 1969, mu English ndiyeno Russian (mu 1972) linatulutsa autobiography Nina Berberova "Kanyenye wanga." Pokumbukira moyo wake, Nina amaona "mobwerezabwereza mitu" mu izo, komanso reconstructing nkhani maganizo ndi uzimu pa nthawi zawo zakale. KUFOTOKOZERA udindo wake zolembalemba ndi yofunika monga ovomereza-Western, odana Orthodox ndi antipochvennuyu zimatenga kudzera mwa makhalidwe "dongosolo" umunthu wake, otsutsana "fragility" ndi "meaninglessness" a dziko. Buku akupereka panorama wa luso ndi ozindikira moyo wa Russian emigration mu zaka za pakati pa nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse. Mu Maulendo ake, pali umboni wofunika (makamaka Khodasevich) ndi critiques kulenga Russian olemba yachilendo (Ivanov, Nabokov ndi ena.).

Berberova Nina Nikolaevna mu 1989 anapita ku Russia, kumene anakumana ndi owerenga ndi otsutsa zolembalemba. Iye anafa September 26, 1993 mu Philadelphia. Ndipo lero amakhalabe kufunika zilandiridwenso Nina Berberova. Umboni wake kale chidwi chokwanira.