Crimea m'chilankhulo cha Chitata: mbali ndi makhalidwe chachikulu

Kodi chinenero Crimea Chitata? ndi mbali kalembedwe iwo ali chiyani? Kaya chikugwirizana ndi chinenero cha Chitata? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa timayang'ana.

Crimea Chitata

anthu Crimea Chitata Nthaŵi zambiri anthu amaganiza ndi Chitata tikukhala mu Russia. olakwika uyu akubwera kuchokera nthawi ya Russian Ufumu, pamene woyendayendawu anthu onse Turkic amatchedwa "Chitata". Kumaphatikizaponso Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, ndi zina zotero D..

Chitata mu Crimea ndi zakwawoko. ana awo ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana wakale okhala wakumpoto Black Sea dera. A mbali yofunika anagwira ethnogenesis ya anthu Turkic, Cumans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Karaites, Huns ndi Krymchaks.

Mapangidwe mbiri ya Crimea Chitata ngati osiyana fuko zinachitika pa chilumba mu zaka XIII-XVII. Mwa nthumwi zake Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzikonda "Crimeans." Anthropological mtundu iwo ali ndi Caucasus. Kupatulapo ndi subethnos mwendo uli ndi zinthu monga Caucasus ndi Mongoloid mafuko.

Crimea m'chilankhulo cha Chitata

Crimea chimayankhulidwa ndi pafupifupi 490 zikwi anthu. Iwo imafalira pa dera la Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Turkey ndi chimodzi mwa zilankhulo ambiri amalankhula mu Republic of Crimea.

Kalembedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito Latin, ngakhale kuli kotheka ndi Chisililiki kulemba. Ambiri okamba moyo mu Crimea (pafupifupi 300 zikwi anthu). Mu Bulgaria ndi Romania, chiwerengero cha Crimea Chitata chili pa 30 chikwi.

chinenero cha Chitata zake "wachibale" osati pafupi kwambiri. zinenero onse ali Turkic komanso mu Kipchak subgroup. Ndiye nthambi mogwirizana. Mu Chitata kwambiri ndi Finno-Ugric, Russian, Arabic. Pa Crimea Chitata unakopedwa Italy, Agiriki, Cumans ndi Kipchaks.

zinkalankhulidwa

Crimea Chitata anthu lagawidwa subethnos zitatu aliyense amalankhula chinenero chawo. Kumpoto kwa dziko la anapanga steppe chilankhulo a zinenero Nogai-Kypchak.

South kapena yalyboysky, ankalankhula pafupi ndi chinenero Turkey. A chikoka kwambiri pa iye anali Italy ndi Ahelene akukhala pa gombe kum'mwera kwa pachilumbachi. Mu chilankhulo muli mawu ambiri amatenga ngongole malongero awo.

Ambiri ndi chilankhulo pakati. Ndi wapakatikati pakati pa zina ziwiri. Zimatanthauza Polovtsian-Kipchak gulu la zilankhulo Turkic ndipo lili mbali zambiri Oguz. Aliyense chilankhulo zikuphatikizapo m'zilembo angapo.

Gawo ndi Features

chilankhulo Crimea Chitata limabweretsa zilankhulo Turkic, womwe wa gulu Altai pamodzi ndi Mongolian, Korea ndi Tungus-Manchurian zinenero. Komabe, chiphunzitso chimenechi pali otsutsa amene amakana alipo Altaic mfundo.

Mu gulu pali mavuto ena a chinenero. Monga ulamuliro, adzaupereka kwa subgroup Kypchak-Polovtsian a zinenero. Ichi ndi yolondola, chifukwa ngati si n'komwe ubwenzi wake ndi zinenero Oghuz, amene asunga mu chilankhulo pakati.

Poganizira mbali zonse za chinenero Crimea dialectical, izo zimagawidwa motere:

History ndi mabuku

Chilankhulo unachokera mu Ages Middle. Panthawi ya dziko Crimea anakhala ambiri mafuko kuti potengera mapangidwe chinenero. N'chifukwa chake chilankhulo Crimea Chitata zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri mu madera osiyana a pachilumbachi.

M'nthawi ya Crimea Khanate, anthu anakakamizika kulankhula Ottoman. Mu masiku a chikhalidwe cha Russian unali ikuchepa Crimeans. kuchira anayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Ndiye, chifukwa Ismail Gasprinsky anaonekera zolembalemba chinenero Crimea Chitata. Pa maziko ake kuyala chilankhulo kum'mwera.

Mpaka 1927 kalata kunachitidwa zilembo Arabic. Chaka chotsatira, monga maziko a chinenero mabuku anasankha chilankhulo pakati, ndipo mawuwo linamasuliridwa zilembo Latin. Iye ankatchedwa "Yanalif" kapena "wosakwatiwa Turkic zilembo".

Mu 1939 iye anayesera kuti Chisililiki, koma makalata Latin anayamba kubwerera mu 90s lapansi. Ndi yosiyana ndi Yanalif: sanali makalata muyezo Latin m'malo m'nkhaniyi ndi zizindikiro diacritical, yemwe anawonjezera kuti kufanana ndi chinenero Turkey.

Mawu ndi zofunika makhalidwe

Crimea Chitata ndi chinenero agglutinative. Tanthauzo la mawu ndi ziganizo sidzasinthika chifukwa n'kukathera, ndipo kudzera mwa "gluing" wa suffixes mawu ndi mwamatapo. Iwo akhoza kukwaniritsa mfundo osati tanthauzo lexical mawu, komanso kugwirizana pakati pa mawu ndi zina zotero. D.

Language lili mbali khumi wa kulankhula milandu isanu, amitundu inayi mneni conjugation, mitundu itatu ya tenses (mau, zakale ndi mtsogolo). Ulibe mtundu akuti ndi manauni. Mwachitsanzo, Russian anati iye, iye, iwo limafanana ndi mtundu umodzi wokha - "o".

Panopa buku, dictionary komanso womasulira pa chinenero Crimea Chitata pa Internet ndi zosavuta kupeza. Choncho womdziwa naye, silidzakhala Lofewa. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo za mawu muyezo ndi mawu a chinenero: