Zilankhulo Peru: Kodi boma? chilankhulo chanji Zikunenedwa Peru?

Kamodzi pa moyo wanga atamva za dziko kutali ndi zachinsinsi, chimene chinaperekedwa kamodzi anthu amphamvu Inca chitukuko Aaziteki ndi Mayans. Peru - mmodzi wa waukulu mu Latin America. M'dera ake a dziko lino ndi yokha ndiyo maiko awiri - Brazil ndi Argentina. chipembedzo Common ku Peru ndi Katolika wa Chiroma. Capital - mzinda wa Lima. Anthu ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 32 anthu. zilankhulo zazikulu - Spanish, Quechua, Aymara. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito English.

Apite ku dziko ya Ainka: chinenero Ndidziwe chiyani?

Koma zimene chinenero mu Peru - Aymara, Quechua kapena Spanish? The zinenero boma ndi awiri otsiriza - Quechua ndi Spanish. chilankhulo Aymara ndi wamba chabe m'dera la Nyanja ya Titicaca. Ambiri mwa anthu a Peru alibe Zilankhulo European. Choncho, anthu amene akukonza ulendo kudziko lino wakale, kudziwa zina ndi zina zokhudza Chisipanishi. Kapena kutenga thumba Chirasha Spanish phrasebook.

Spanish ku Peru

Spanish kugonjetsa m'mbuyomu kwakukulukulu mukopedwe chitukuko cha dziko. Makamaka, mfundo, chinenero chimene chili Peru tsopano ponseponse. yogawa ake anayamba m'zaka XV. Mu Latin America Chisipanishi amasiyana ndi European. Choyamba, ndi osiyana katchulidwe chikhalidwe. Spanish ku Peru ali kufanana ndi Andalusian boma ka Spanish. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu a Andalusia anali pafupifupi 60% ya chiwerengero cha osamuka Spanish n'kukakhala ku America South pambuyo anagonjetsa.

Archaisms Chisipanishi

Ambiri mwa mawu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito Peru poona lotha mu Spanish ano. Mwachitsanzo, mawu pollera (kutanthauziridwa monga "siketi Amayi") tsopano ankaona chachikale chinkawavuta. Mu masiku ano Spanish Peru adakali padziko. Chinthu china chapadera ndi Spanish ku Peru - ambiri mawu, Americanisms. Komanso m'dera Spanish zonse za mawu mbadwa. mawu awa, amene anapulumutsidwa ku magulu chinenero cha kumeneko, zambiri amatchedwa "indihenizmami". Zitsanzo - hamaka (hammock), maiz (chimanga), tabaco (fodya), tocayo (Dzina), bambo (mbatata).

Ndipotu Spanish ku Peru kufalitsa pambuyo Columbus anatulukira dziko la America. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba kulamulira m'dera m'deralo, amene anali anakopa dyera la wolakika. Kuti kukhala ndi kontinenti latsopano kani, mfumu Spanish kalekale ndalama ulendo watsopano. Atalandidwa m'dera la Peru dzina lake Chatsopano Castile.

Quechua gulu chinenero

Pamodzi ndi Spanish ku Peru ndipo anayamba kukhulupirira chinenero Quechua. M'mayiko ena, komanso wamba - mu Quechua amalankhula Bolivia, Argentina, Chile ndi mayiko ena. Chiwerengero cha kuchigwiritsa ku America South pafupifupi miliyoni 8 chinenero cha Peru anali kamodzi mbadwa kwa Aaborijini -. Pamaso pa South America anagwidwa ndi conquistadors Spanish. Mu zenizeni, Quechua ndi gulu la zinenero zingapo. Malinga ndi muyezo zosiyanasiyana akatswiri a zinenero allocated kwa m'zilembo 2 mpaka 4.

Pofuna kupereka makalata ufumuwo, Ainka ntchito njira yapadera kulemba ntchito mfundo. Iwo ankatchedwa "mulu." Nkhani za kalata tikhoza kuphunzira interlacing zingwe, mtundu wawo ndi chiwerengero cha tinatake tozungulira. Mu 1560 iye anali woyamba wasenza dictionary Quechua - chinenero la dziko la Peru. Mlembi wa dikishonare anali Domingo de A Santo Tomás. Quechua anali olembedwa nyimbo ndizosowa chinenero. Akukhulupirira kuti chinenero Quechua chimakhudzana kwambiri zokhudzana ndi Aymara chilankhulo. Akatswiri ena a zinenero kuphatikiza iwo mu mabanja awiri akuluakulu - kechumara. Enanso amanena kuti kufanana kwa zilankhulo ziwiri izi chifukwa moyandikana awo m'mayiko ambiri.

Mbiri yakale, chilankhulo Inca inali njira Pawokha national kwa anthu a Andes ndi agonjetsi Spanish - njira kulankhulana ndi anthu akuderalo. Quechua tsopano amamudziwa anaphunzira ndipo zalembedwa chinenero. Iwo ali malamulo ndi kalembedwe chimaphunzitsidwa sukulu. Kuyambira chinenero wakale wa Peru apitambo ena ngongole ya chinenero cha Chirasha Mwachitsanzo, liwu lakuti "koka" (yobiriwira chitsamba chilichonse mu Andes), "cougar", "Lama".

Quechua

Dzina chomwecho ndi fuko m'deralo, okhala pa gawo lalikulu. Tsopano oimira anthu Quechua amakhala m'mayiko otsatirawa: Peru, Bolivia, kumpoto Chile ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Argentina. Kulemba wa anthu awa zochokera zilembo Latin. Quechua - wapadera TV mkulu chikhalidwe. ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi ulimi, kupota, kuluka, zodzikongoletsera kupanga nkhuni kusema, komanso ulimi nyama. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Quechua moyo m'zigwa zambiri kumanga nyumba pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Mountain okhala moyo kwayekha. Ambiri Quechua nsapato, nthaŵi atavala nsapato.

Zikhulupiriro anthu chodabwitsa

Mwa oimira Quechua akadali zotheka ndi anthu kumatanthauza kukhulupirira mizimu ndi chikunja. Amwenye ansangala kwambiri kwa alendo. Iwo akhoza kupanga chithumwa kapena chikondi kum'soŵetsa mtendere. Komabe, anthu ena Muzisamala wotheratu. Sikuti kukhumudwa - chikhulupiriro china chachilendo analandira mwa Quechua. Amwenye amakhulupirira kuti pali mizimu otchedwa likichiri. zolengedwa izi otherworldly, chikhulupiriro chawo, cholimbana anthu akagona ndi woyamwa kunja thupi lawo subcutaneous mafuta. The kokwanira kwambiri ndi anthu - wamkulu mwayi kuti adzaukira likichiri. Choncho pamene Quechua anakumana ndi wonenepa, akuopa kuti kutali kungakhale likichiri. Komabe, iwonso nkhawa alendo m'dziko ndi thupi pafupifupi - mwadzidzidzi ndi pansi maonekedwe awo komanso sichimva ndi werewolf loopsali?

zikhulupiriro izi kuuzira kwambiri mantha kwa wolowa a Ainka: amayesetsa kuti pakhomo yekha, ndi mosamala kutseka zenera. Pofuna kuti asamadye, ndipo yesetsani penyani kulemera kukopa mizimu yoipa, anthu a anthu. Kitchen Quechua osiyana zosowa. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera mbale ku nkhumba mbira - anthu ziweto, bwino kwa ife. Siyense alendo angavomereze kuchiyesa.

Quechua akhoza kuchereza ndi mbale wina. Koma alendo awo onse adzasunga ngati mlendo alinkudya mopambanitsa awo. Choncho, ziribe kanthu momwe amachitira chokoma zingakhale bwino kuti asamadye akapita ku makampani Indian.

A pang'ono za mmene Ainka

Inca mtundu anayamba mapangidwe ake kuzungulira m'ma XI pa dera la Andes. Ainka anamanga ufumu otchuka mu XIV - m'ma XV. ntchito yawo yaikulu inali ULIMI. The azungu woyamba anadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ufumu waukulu. Koposa mphekesera kuti boma ndi modabwitsa mzinda wachuma wa El Dorado. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, apa ife anayamba kufika ikuyendetsedwa ndi dyera azungu.

kufunika kwambiri pa moyo wa Ainka unachitikira chipembedzo. zikhulupiriro zosiyana Atengedwa ku madera osiyana a dziko. Amadziwika kuti kulambira Inca totem. Umakopa kwambiri anali a chipembedzo cha makolo. Iye akhapidziwa kuti adachoka ku dziko lina zingakhudze zokolola, ndi kulimbikitsa mafuno abwino. Ainka anamanga madera awo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mwala - basalt, miyala ndi diorite. Inca nyumba anali wodzichepetsa, analibe mauvuni mu iwo.

Language Aymara

chilankhulo chanji Zikunenedwa Peru, kuwonjezera Spanish ndi Quechua? Other banja dzina aymaranskih zinenero - Khaki. Monga kusanja 7 Aymara m'zilembo, amene asayansi ena Komanso ankaona ngati zinenero zosiyana. Ndi ambiri ofanana ndi Bolivia Aymara ankalankhula Quechua ndi mzinda wa Cuzco Quechua. kuchigwiritsa pafupifupi 2 miliyoni anthu. Komanso, ndi chilankhulo nduna Bolivia. Mwa atolankhani sizachilendo umwini wa zilankhulo ziwiri kapena zitatu: Aymara, Quechua ndi Spanish.

Aymara anthu: zimaonetsa worldview

Aymara - uyu si dzina la chinenero. Chotero anaitana anthu, amenenso akukhala mu Andes. Oimira anthu komanso anthu dera la kumadzulo kwa Bolivia, kumpoto Chile madera a kum'mwera kwa Peru. ntchito Traditional Aymara - ndi ulimi, zitsulo, kupanga mabwato, komanso kulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana.

Mwa oimira anthu a Aymara anatengera lingaliro zachilendo kwambiri kwa nthawi maganizo. Kumadzulo pali bwino anthu ziyerekezo - izo zikusonyeza kuti m'tsogolo lili kutsogolo ndiponso zapitazi, motero - kumbuyo. Komabe, mu yachilendo Aymara zosiyana. Mawu amene amaimira zapitazi, amenenso amasonyeza udindo "patsogolo". Umboni wa mfundo imeneyi ndi manja a m'deralo - makamaka achikulire. Komabe, ambiri a masiku ano a Chisipanishi Aymara amadziwa kuti mfundo Western wa anthu. Ilo likunena pa reorientation wa kaganizidwe oimira yamphongo ya Aymara.